共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
应对方式的生态瞬时评估法及其他测量方法简介 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
生态瞬时评估法(EMA)是当前对应对方式进行测量的一种较为先进的方法。它也广泛适用于其它社会科学和行为科学领域,因此在西方发达国家得到了较为广泛的应用。文章重点介绍了EMA的特点、使用方法、使用情况、适用条件和优缺点等。由于EMA特别适合于研究过程性的问题,因此用它来研究应对是非常恰当的。另外,文章还简单介绍并评价了其它的应对方式测量方法,并指出将来对应对方式进行测量的趋势。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
网络成瘾病理心理机制及综合心理干预研究 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
针对中国青少年网络成瘾问题,综合运用心理测评、深度访谈、脑事件相关电位、心率变异性等多层面的心理学研究方法,系统、深入研究网络问题的成因、病理心理机制、评估方法及心理干预方法等多项课题。依据得到的人群调查数据、网络成瘾者的心理测量结果、脑电与心电的生理心理学数据,同时结合临床干预疗效评估,提出研究结论:(1)使用谱系概念对中国青少年网络使用问题进行分型,并制定分型标准与评估方法;(2)从青少年心理发展角度分析了网络成瘾的形成原因,提出“失补偿”假说揭示网络成瘾形成过程;(3)提出“注意功能易化机制”从脑功能水平揭示网络“成瘾”病理心理机制;(4)制定“系统补偿综合心理干预”方案,包括团体、家庭、个体及家长干预等多项心理治疗方案,在临床研究中取得了良好实效 相似文献
7.
由于取样设计的原因,多水平数据结构不仅存在于多水平研究,也广泛存在于单水平研究,需要在单水平分析中控制多水平误差。此时使用多层线性模型发挥不了优势,反而因模型的复杂性带来麻烦。基于设计的方法相对更简单、高效和稳健,更契合含多水平误差的单水平研究情境。在详细介绍基于设计的方法及其优势后,利用数据实例展示基于设计的方法在单水平研究中控制多水平误差的效果,并为应用研究者提供方法选用建议。 相似文献
8.
《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2019,(3)
随着健康数据二次使用相关研究的迅速发展,尊重、知情同意、隐私保护、公正等伦理问题日益突显。在综合考虑当前国内伦理审查最新法规及国际经验的基础上,基于研究可能的风险以及数据的可识别性等特征,探讨涉及健康数据二次使用的研究可根据数据是否可以公开获取以及研究的风险大小等,可能采用三种伦理审查形式;同时,细化明确知情同意豁免需要满足的条件,强调研究者和受试者应当发挥更加积极主动的作用,共同促进此类研究负责任的开展。 相似文献
9.
探究带宽选择方法、样本量、题目数量、等值设计、数据模拟方式对项目反应理论观察分数核等值的影响。通过两种数据模拟方式,获得研究数据,并计算局部与全域评价指标。研究发现,在随机组设计中,带宽选择方法表现相似;考生样本量和题目数量影响甚微。在非等组设计中,惩罚法与Silverman经验准则表现优异;增加题目量可降低百分相对误差和随机误差;增加样本量导致百分相对误差变大,随机误差减小。数据模拟方式可影响等值评价。未来应重点关注等值系统评估。 相似文献
10.
以1982~2012年中国期刊网收录的88例追踪研究为对象,从应用现状、设计特征、数据处理三方面分析和评估追踪研究方法在国内心理研究的应用情况及存在的问题。结果显示,2005年之前追踪研究方法应用增长缓慢,2005年开始呈显著增长趋势,研究对象以未成年及成年早期群体为主。主要采用固定样本追踪设计,大部分研究测量2-3次、样本量在10~300之间、持续时间在3年内。61例有缺失的研究中,38例用删除法处理缺失;主要运用 HLM、方差分析、t检验和SEM分析追踪数据。相当部分研究存在测量次数少、样本量较小、持续时间短、被试缺失严重及数据处理方法相对陈旧问题。追踪研究方法的应用应注意,根据理论模型和研究有效性要求确定设计类型和设计特征,根据数据特征选择缺失处理方法和追踪数据分析方法。 相似文献
11.
Ecological Momentary Assessment Research in Behavioral medicine 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Behavioral medicine research often seeks to examine relatively complex theoretical models and clinical processes. Traditional designs, based on retrospective self-report in the natural environment or laboratory-based studies, cannot assess complex and temporally dynamic psychological, behavioral, and physiological processes in the natural environment. An alternate research approach, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), provides a method to collect such data. This research approach and these data allow investigation of a number of research questions not amenable to other data collection methods. Examples of research questions uniquely suited for EMA data include, but are not limited to: (1) the comparison of retrospective data to momentary data; (2) evaluation of physiological and psychosocial processes in the natural environment; (3) the relation of symptoms and other disease processes to characteristics of the natural environment; and (4) examination of dynamic changes in psychosocial variables that may mediate improvement following treatment. Despite the strengths of EMA data, a number of challenges exist – including logistic, analytic, and interpretation problems – to the easy implementation of EMA approaches in behavioral medicine. 相似文献
12.
Researchers have been making use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and other study designs that sample feelings and behaviors in real time and in naturalistic settings to study temporal dynamics and contextual factors of a wide variety of psychological, physiological, and behavioral processes. As EMA designs become more widespread, questions are arising about the frequency of data sampling, with direct implications for participants' burden and researchers' ability to capture and study dynamic processes. Traditionally, spectral analytic techniques are used for time series data to identify process speed. However, the nature of EMA data, often collected with fewer than 100 measurements per person, sampled at randomly spaced intervals, and replete with planned and unplanned missingness, precludes application of traditional spectral analytic techniques. Building on principles of variance partitioning used in the generalizability theory of measurement and spectral analysis, we illustrate the utility of multilevel variance decompositions for isolating process speed in EMA-type data. Simulation and empirical data from a smoking-cessation study are used to demonstrate the method and to evaluate the process speed of smoking urges and quitting self-efficacy. Results of the multilevel variance decomposition approach can inform process-oriented theory and future EMA study designs. 相似文献
13.
Researchers have been making use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and other study designs that sample feelings and behaviors in real time and in naturalistic settings to study temporal dynamics and contextual factors of a wide variety of psychological, physiological, and behavioral processes. As EMA designs become more widespread, questions are arising about the frequency of data sampling, with direct implications for participants' burden and researchers' ability to capture and study dynamic processes. Traditionally, spectral analytic techniques are used for time series data to identify process speed. However, the nature of EMA data, often collected with fewer than 100 measurements per person, sampled at randomly spaced intervals, and replete with planned and unplanned missingness, precludes application of traditional spectral analytic techniques. Building on principles of variance partitioning used in the generalizability theory of measurement and spectral analysis, we illustrate the utility of multilevel variance decompositions for isolating process speed in EMA-type data. Simulation and empirical data from a smoking-cessation study are used to demonstrate the method and to evaluate the process speed of smoking urges and quitting self-efficacy. Results of the multilevel variance decomposition approach can inform process-oriented theory and future EMA study designs. 相似文献
14.
Drew J. Miller David D. Vachon Donald R. Lynam 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):873-877
Few investigations have examined the role of affective instability within a broad model of general personality functioning. The present study employed self-report and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine the relations between self-reported Five-Factor Model Neuroticism, EMA average negative affect, and EMA negative affect instability. Results suggest that Neuroticism and negative affect instability are related yet distinct constructs, and that Neuroticism better represents average negative affect across time. Results also suggest that negative affect instability is related to low Agreeableness and specific externalizing facets of Neuroticism, such as Angry Hostility and Impulsiveness. The implications of these findings and potential areas for future research are discussed. 相似文献
15.
《Personality and individual differences》2010,48(8):873-877
Few investigations have examined the role of affective instability within a broad model of general personality functioning. The present study employed self-report and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine the relations between self-reported Five-Factor Model Neuroticism, EMA average negative affect, and EMA negative affect instability. Results suggest that Neuroticism and negative affect instability are related yet distinct constructs, and that Neuroticism better represents average negative affect across time. Results also suggest that negative affect instability is related to low Agreeableness and specific externalizing facets of Neuroticism, such as Angry Hostility and Impulsiveness. The implications of these findings and potential areas for future research are discussed. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2018,59(3):319-327
Alexithymia is a psychoemotional trait associated with many treatment‐resistant psychological and social difficulties. Research suggests that these difficulties stem primarily from an inability to appropriately apply linguistic labels to emotional experiences and content. The present research introduces and preliminarily evaluates a novel mindfulness‐informed exercise to improve emotion‐labeling ability in alexithymic persons. Based in culturally universal patterns of somatic experience, the Emotion Mapping Activity (EMA ) directs alexithymic persons to reflect on their internal, somatic experiences as a source of information for interpreting and labeling emotional experiences. In the present study, 67 alexithymic persons completed a series of emotion‐labeling tasks either with or without assistance of the EMA . Results suggest that completion of the EMA may improve ability to label emotions that would be otherwise misinterpreted – without interfering with labeling that is already intact. Though further research is necessary, the present study suggests that the EMA may hold the potential to be incorporated into psychotherapy protocols as an exercise for improving emotion‐labeling ability in alexithymic clients. 相似文献
17.
Many physicians have found that the traditional approach to bioethics fails to account for important aspects of their moral experience in practice. New approaches to bioethics theory are challenging the traditional application of universal moral principles based in liberal moral theory. At the same time, a shift in both the goals and methods of bioethics education has accompanied its “coming of age” in the medical school curriculum. Taken together, these changes challenge both bioethics educators and theorists to come closer to the details and nuances of real clinical encounters. The emerging trend emphasizes the importance of context in bioethics education and in the moral theory and research under-girding it. This article introduces one research approach examining the practical life contexts of medical students' ethical experiences and learning. It calls for increased attention to research and theory in bioethics that more adequately accounts for the ways different contexts produce significant changes in meaning and understanding in medical encounters. 相似文献
18.
ObjectiveCurrent health behavior models of physical activity (PA) suggest that not all PA intentions are translated into actual PA behavior, resulting in a significant intention-behavior gap (IBG) of almost 50%. These models further suggest that higher self-efficacy and specific planning can aid in decreasing this gap. However, as most evidence stems from between-person (trait level), questionnaire-based research, it is unclear how large short-term IBGs are, how self-efficacy and planning covary within-persons across time and whether they similarly predict smaller IBGs. It is likely that day-to-day changes in circumstances and barriers affect these variables thus the applicability of theoretical models is uncertain. Here, within-person prospective analyses of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data can provide insights.Methods35 healthy participants (aged 23–67) completed four EMA-based questionnaires every day for three weeks. Each prompt assessed PA (retrospectively, “since the last EMA prompt”); PA intentions, planning specificity, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation (prospectively, “until the next EMA prompt”) and momentary affect. Generalized logistic mixed-effect modeling was used to test predictors of PA.ResultsAcross the 2341 answered EMA prompts, PA intentions were not enacted in 25% of the episodes (IBG). In episodes with given intentions, PA likelihood increased with higher levels of self-efficacy, planning specificity, and intrinsic motivation. The latter two also positively predicted PA duration and intensity.ConclusionsShort-term intention behavior gaps seem to be smaller than what is known from more long-term studies, most likely as individuals can anticipate the actual circumstances of PA. Further, current health behavior models show validity in explaining within-person dynamics in IBGs across time. Knowing the relevance of planning specificity, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation for day-to-day variations in PA enactment can inform respective real-time mHealth interventions for facilitating PA. 相似文献
19.
Scott G. Engel Kirsten A. Kahler Chad M. Lystad Heather K. Simonich Carol B. Peterson 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(10):897-900
Laboratory studies have shown considerable differences between the eating behavior, particularly binge eating behavior, of participants with and without binge eating disorder (BED). However, these findings were not replicated in two field experiments employing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in which obese BED and obese non-BED participants reported comparable binge eating behavior. In the current study, we examined differences in binge eating with an innovative assessment scheme employing both EMA and a standardized computer-based dietary recall program to avoid some of the limitations of past laboratory and field research. Obese BED, obese non-BED, and non-obese control participants reported significant differences in eating patterns, loss of control, overeating, and binge eating behavior. Of particular importance was the finding that BED participants engaged in more overeating and more binge eating episodes than non-BED participants. These findings suggest that the use of EMA in combination with dietary recall may be a relatively objective and useful approach to assessing binge eating behavior. The findings further suggest that individuals with BED are observably different from those without the disorder, which may have implications for eating disorder diagnoses in DSM-V. 相似文献