The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Coronary Heart Disease

Researchers have for many years attempted to establish a relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and personality type. In our study, 103 subjects completed Form G of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Comparisons were made between 93 CHD patients and an age-appropriate control group (Group C) on each of the four MBTI dimensions: Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, and Judging-Perceiving. The comparison between CHD patients and Group C showed that CHD patients were significantly more likely to prefer sensing and feeling.     

Measurement and Utility of Continuous Unipolar Ratings for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

This study is designed to explore the measurement properties and utilities of the Myers-Briggs Type indicator (MBTI) items when the two competing alternatives of individual items were rated separately on a 7-step, free-response continuum. Data were collected from 125 college students who volunteered for this study. Ratings were also obtained from subjects on occupational preferences reported to be leading occupational choices for the 16 MBTI personality types. Major analytic results include the findings of: (a) high factorial validity of unipolar ratings in separate analyses of the two alternatives of MBTI items, (b) high reliability coefficients for all eight preference poles and high convergent and discriminant validities for each of the four MBTI scales, and (c) four significant factors emerging from the combined factor analysis of subjects scores on occupational preferences and MBTI personality poles. Finally, the empirical evidence was discussed about the linkage between Jung theoretical constructs of personality typologies and the MBTI scales. The possibility of just using unipolar ratings for MBTI items in a continuous-response format was also suggested.     

The relationship between life satisfaction, self-consciousness, and the Myers-Briggs type inventory dimensions.

The study was an investigation of the relationship between psychological well-being, life satisfaction, self-consciousness, and the four Myers-Briggs Type Indicator dimensions (MBTI; I. B. Myers & M. H. McCaulley, 1985). The participants were 97 college students (79 women and 18 men whose mean age was 31.4 years). All the students were administered four instruments, the Psychological Well-Being Inventory (C. D. Ryff, 1989), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larsen, & S. Griffin, 1985), the Self-Consciousness Scale-Revised (M. F. Scheier & C. S. Carver, 1985), and the MBTI (Form G Self-Scoring). MANOVAs revealed significant differences on three of the four dimensions of the MBTI with extraverts showing higher psychological well-being and life satisfaction and lower self-consciousness than introverts. Intuition types scored higher in psychological well-being and lower in self-consciousness than Sensing types. Judging types scored higher in psychological well-being than Perceiving types. Correlational analyses showed that most dimensions of psychological well-being were negatively related to self-consciousness. The relationship between life satisfaction and personality variables is discussed.     

Age at earliest reported memory: associations with personality traits, behavioral health, and repression

The present study examined relationships between the age at earliest memory and the personality traits and behavioral health of 107 undergraduates. Participants answered questions on their earliest memory and completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and a medical history form. Analyses indicated that continuous scores on two MBTI scales (Sensing-Intuition and Judging-Perceiving) were inversely related to age at earliest memory as were participant's self-reported drug and alcohol problems, emotional and psychological symptoms, accident rates, physical symptoms, and satisfaction with health. Respondents who reported first memories at or after 7 years of age (i.e., approximately 1 SD above the mean age at recalled memory) were classified as repressors. Repressors scored in the Sensing and Judging directions on the MBTI and reported significantly fewer emotional symptoms, accidents, psychological symptoms, and less health satisfaction than nonrepressors. Results are consistent with the age at earliest memory and repression literature and support the use of earliest memory age as an index of repression.     

Distinguishing thinking-feeling preferences through the content analysis of natural language

This article investigates the relationship between natural language and personality characteristics. In particular, an effort was made to determine whether "thinkers" and "feelers," as defined by Jung's typologies, differ in terms of the language they use to express themselves. First, a linguistic content analysis scale was developed. Next, 5-min verbal samples were obtained from subjects and content analyzed. Content analysis scores were correlated with subjects' self-evaluations and their scores on the Thinking-Feeling scale of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Gender differences relating to thinking-feeling preferences were also investigated. Significant correlations between content analysis and MBTI scores were obtained, suggesting that valid information regarding individual preferences for thinking versus feeling may be obtained through the analysis of natural language. Males and females differed significantly in terms of their MBTI scores and self-evaluations, but not in their content analysis scores.     

Item validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The present study presents a brief summary of four extensive psychometric analyses of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) items. Positive empirical evidence supports the MBTI item validity. However, several measurement issues on item construction were raised to caution the future users.     

MBTI人格类型量表的效度分析

目的探讨中文版MBTI人格类型量表的内容效度、效标关联效度和结构效度,为其在中国应用提供操作性技术,方法大学本科和专科学生2123名,陆军初级军官276名;MBTI-G量表中文修订版;效标测验包括EPQ、16PF、MMPI-2、A-Type和PM测验。结果(1)经专家评判、中英文版相关分析、自评他评和信度分析,表明中文版MBTI有较好的内容效度。(2)效标关联效度研究发现EI维度具有明显的内外向人格特征;感觉型个体温和、现实和谨慎,直觉型个体则恃强、敢为、果断和中强度A型行为特征;对事型个体稳重、安详、恃强、自律;判断型个体善于交往和社会化程度高,做事有强的责任感、计划性和有恒性,适应新环境能力较强,成就感强。以上发现与MBTI原设计和国外研究吻合。(3)97项题目因子分析最大负荷落在主因素上平均占82．81％,次级负荷占11.02％,仅6题因子分析不理想。(4)修订版MBTI人格类型测验与PM领导行为类型测验间有一定相关;中国军队初级指挥员以ESFJ、ISTJ人格类型为主。结论本研究修订的中文版MBTI具有较好的内容效度、效标关联蚊度和结构效度。     

Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator From the Perspective of the Five-Factor Model of Personality

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; Myers & McCaulley, 1985) was evaluated from the perspectives of Jung's theory of psychological types and the five-factor model of personality as measured by self-reports and peer ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985b). Data were provided by 267 men and 201 women ages 19 to 93. Consistent with earlier research and evaluations, there was no support for the view that the MBTI measures truly dichotomous preferences or qualitatively distinct types; instead, the instrument measures four relatively independent dimensions. The interpretation of the Judging-Perceiving index was also called into question. The data suggest that Jung's theory is either incorrect or inadequately operationalized by the MBTI and cannot provide a sound basis for interpreting it. However, correlational analyses showed that the four MBTI indices did measure aspects of four of the five major dimensions of normal personality. The five-factor model provides an alternative basis for interpreting MBTI findings within a broader, more commonly shared conceptual framework.     

MBTI人格类型量表的理论研究与实践应用

首先从MBTI的理论基础入手分析了MBTI评估与其他人格评估的差异,指出MBTI评估的优势。接着从理论研究和实践应用两方面介绍了国内外的相关研究,前者包括MBTI的信度、效度、常模资料,国内的修订情况,以及MBTI与其他量表的相关关系分析;后者包括MBTI在组织发展与团队建设中的应用,在职业辅导、师生互动、家庭治疗等领域的应用。最后指出使用中存在的问题,并给出相关建议     

Similarity between partners in real and perceived personality traits as measured by the Myers-Briggs type indicator

From 90 couples, 90 male and 90 female subjects, two sets of scores on the four personality dimensions measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) were obtained by letting each person answer each item twice, first in the ordinary way and then as he or she believed the partner would answer the item. Correlations between partners' self-reported scores were all close to zero, whereas the correlations between the partner-reported scores and the self-reported scores were high for both males and females and for all the four dimensions measured by the MBTI, thus indicating that partners were not similar in personality traits, but they had a realistic perception of each other. The results support the hypothesis that mating is random in terms of personality traits.     

The MBTI and social information processing: an incremental validity study

The ability of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; Myers & McCaulley, 1985) to predict performance on social cognitive tasks tapping information processing effort was assessed. Judgment and intuition interacted to predict amount of attributional adjustment on a dispositional attribution task. The MBTI scales predicted processing above and beyond measures of the five factors, rational-experiential preferences, and causal uncertainty. The relevance of these results for interpretation of the MBTI indexes is discussed.     

Presidential Character Revisited

This study attempts to bring a fresh perspective to the study of presidential personality. Critics of the personality approach doubt that personality really has much impact on presidential leadership, and they question whether the approach will contribute to the development of a presidential leadership theory. Critics also see problems with the conceptualization of personality variables in particular studies, such as James David Barber's much-praised, much-maligned The Presidential Character . The study proposes the use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to analyze the relationship between presidential personality and presidential leadership. Administered to about 1.7 million people annually by psychologists, career counselors, and business managers, the MBTI makes possible the classification of each president as one of 16 personality types, and it offers predictions about many characteristics of leadership style for each type. The study concludes with an extensive MBTI analysis of President Clinton's leadership style.     

Recent assessments of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The present paper focuses on approximately two dozen recent published studies that examined reliability and validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in clinical, counseling, and research settings. Several assessments of split-half and test-retest reliability of the standard Form F and shorter Form G of the Inventory have yielded generally satisfactory correlations for all four scales. A larger number of studies of construct validity of the MBTI have yielded support for research hypotheses in situations ranging from correlations of the MBTI with a personality inventory, to couples problems in a counseling setting, to line judgment in groups, and others. Therefore, the applications of the MBTI have been broad, although somewhat unsystematic, and with generally favorable validity assessment. Continued attempts to validate the instrument in a variety of settings are needed.     

The MBTI and Social Information Processing: An Incremental Validity Study

The ability of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; Myers & McCaulley, 1985) to predict performance on social cognitive tasks tapping information processing effort was assessed. Judgment and intuition interacted to predict amount of attributional adjustment on a dispositional attribution task. The MBTI scales predicted processing above and beyond measures of the five factors, rational-experiential preferences, and causal uncertainty. The relevance of these results for interpretation of the MBTI indexes is discussed.     

The Relationship Between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Among Adult Churchgoers

A sample of 377 adult churchgoers completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Form G) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data demonstrate that the measures of introversion-extraversion proposed by the two instruments are highly correlated, that there is a moderate correlation between the EPQ psychoticism scale and the MBTI measures of judging and perceiving, and that the MBTI scales map in quite a complex way onto the three-dimensional model of personality proposed by the EPQ.     

Psychological type of American Evangelical missionary candidates

Sending missionaries into the field requires an enormous up-front investment on the part of the candidate as well as the sending organisation. An effective candidate selection process can limit the significant financial and emotional effects of a bad fit for a field placement. The present study seeks to analyse the typology of missionary candidates, using the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). A sample of 475 American Evangelical missionary candidates took the MBTI as part of their candidacy process. Results indicate that there were significant differences on 12 of the 16 MBTI typologies of the missionary candidates compared to the national representative sample. The ENFJ (14.1%) and ENFP (14.1%) typologies were significantly overrepresented in the sample. The personality types most underrepresented were ISTP (1.1%) and ISFP (1.7%). Comparisons with similar religious populations are discussed. Implications for how missionary candidates may adjust to field work based on type are considered.     

Bimodal score distributions and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: fact or artifact?

We examined Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) score distributions computed using item response theory (IRT) to assess the generalizability of earlier bimodality reports that have been cited in support of the "type" versus "trait" view of personality. Using the BILOG IRT program to score a sample of approximately 12,000 individuals who participated in leadership development programs, theta score distributions for the 4 dimensions of the MBTI computed using 10 (the BILOG default) versus 50 quadrature points were compared. Results indicated that past reports of bimodality were artifacts caused by BILOG's default use of a small number of quadrature points; when larger numbers of points were used, score distributions became strongly center-weighted. Although our findings are not supportive of the "type"-based hypothesis, the extremely high correlations between theta scores (rs > .996) suggest that no practical differences would be expected as a function of the number-of-quadrature-points decision.     

MBTI人格类型量表:新近发展及应用

MBTI是Katherine Briggs与Isabel Myers共同研制出的一种人格类型评估工具.近些年来,伴随其理论的演进,MBTI量表本身也经历了三个阶段的发展.通过系统梳理MBTI的发展历程并总结相关应用研究的主要结论,发现:该量表的内在发展脉络是“从类型间差异评估,到类型内差异评估,直至个体差异评估”.而未来研究应注重:调查我国职业基础人群MBTI人格类型,建立数据库;深化MBTI量表研究;开展MBTI跟踪研究及跨文化研究;深入并拓展MBTI人格类型的应用研究领域.     

Evaluating the validity of Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator theory: A teaching tool and window into intuitive psychology

Despite its immense popularity and impressive longevity, the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has existed in a parallel universe to social and personality psychology. Here, we seek to increase academic awareness of this incredibly popular idea and provide a novel teaching reference for its conceptual flaws. We focus on examining the validity of the Jungian‐based theory behind MBTI that specifies that people have a “true type” delineated across four dichotomies. We find that the MBTI theory falters on rigorous theoretical criteria in that it lacks agreement with known facts and data, lacks testability, and possesses internal contradictions. We further discuss what MBTI's continued popularity says about how the general public might evaluate scientific theories.