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心理账户是普遍存在于个体心理中的一套或者多套记账体系。这种体系往往是以非预期的形式存在,并对个体的行为决策产生潜在的影响。由于心理账户的存在,使得个体在行为决策时往往无意识地偏离正常的价值判断或者计算法则,从而做出非理性的决策。心理账户的非替代性作用机制可以解释儿童心理理论、价值判断、情感决策以及自我控制等认知能力的发展。 相似文献
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心理账户概念的提出在一定程度上解释了消费者的非理性决策。本文以前人研究结果为基础对心理账户影响消费者决策的原因进行了探讨,旨在揭示这些研究结果的现实意义,以期让商家获得更大的利润,让消费者得到更大的满意感;同时对以前研究的局限做了一些讨论,并提出了未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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“心理账户”是个人、家庭或企业集团在心理上对结果(尤其是经济结果)的记录、编码、分类和估价的心理过程,它揭示了人们进行资金(财富)决策时的内在认知编码。研究对全国9个省市1268名有效被试进行问卷调查,经过探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析以及二阶因子验证发现:中国人的心理账户系统有一个相对稳定的“3-4-2”分类结构。即收入账户有“工作相关的常规收入”、“非常规的额外收入”和“经营收入”三个账户;开支账户有“生活必需开支”、“家庭建设与个人发展开支”、“情感维系开支”和“享乐休闲开支”四个账户;存储账户有“安全型保障账户”和“风险型存储账户”两个账户。心理账户的分类研究对探究人们的经济决策行为有重要意义 相似文献
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心理账户的非替代性及其运算规则 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
心理账户理论(Mental accounting Theory)由萨勒(Thaler)教授提出,他认为:小到个体、家庭,大到企业集团,都有或明确或潜在的心理账户系统。心理账户有两个最本质的特征:一是非替代性;二是具有不同于经济学的特定运算规则。本文分析了心理帐户非替代性的三种表现,从值函数,得与失的编码规则和参照点效应探讨了心理帐户的特定运算规则。这对解释人的非理性经济行为有重要价值。 相似文献
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通过两个研究,证实了在消费、储蓄两个经济决策领域存在零整钞间的心理账户效应;与此同时研究还表明,被试的消费倾向除与消费的实质目的有关之外,确实与金钱自身的因素有关系,这些关系包括钱钞携带的方便性、个体维持大面额钱钞完整性的目的以及钱钞面额与商品价格之间的匹配性。 相似文献
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消费者决策分析的新视角:双通道心理账户理论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双通道心理账户是指人们在购买决策时具有一个双向通道的心理账户,其中一个通道记录了付款后消费者剩余的正效用,而另一个通道则记录了除去消费后付款带来的负效用.当消费与支付联结紧密时,会让人们更易想起支付的痛苦,从而降低消费快感,此时快乐弱化系数(α)大;当消费与支付联结较弱时,人们更不易记起支付的金额,从而在消费时拥有更多快乐,此时痛苦钝化系数(β)大.文章通过整理已有研究发现:先付款后消费的α系数更小,而先消费后付款的β系数更小;奢侈品的α系数更大,而必需品的β系数更大;吝啬者的α系数更大,而挥霍者的β系数更大.文章进一步阐述了影响消费者购买联结的心理机制是债务规避和负的时间偏好、支付贬值等.在此基础上为消费者做出购买决策以及商家选择促销方式提出了建议.同时也为消费者决策行为研究提供了新的视角和研究课题. 相似文献
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Richard H. Thaler 《决策行为杂志》1999,12(3):183-206
Mental accounting is the set of cognitive operations used by individuals and households to organize, evaluate, and keep track of financial activities. Making use of research on this topic over the past decade, this paper summarizes the current state of our knowledge about how people engage in mental accounting activities. Three components of mental accounting receive the most attention. This first captures how outcomes are perceived and experienced, and how decisions are made and subsequently evaluated. The accounting system provides the inputs to be both ex ante and ex post cost–benefit analyses. A second component of mental accounting involves the assignment of activities to specific accounts. Both the sources and uses of funds are labeled in real as well as in mental accounting systems. Expenditures are grouped into categories (housing, food, etc.) and spending is sometimes constrained by implicit or explicit budgets. The third component of mental accounting concerns the frequency with which accounts are evaluated and ‘choice bracketing’. Accounts can be balanced daily, weekly, yearly, and so on, and can be defined narrowly or broadly. Each of the components of mental accounting violates the economic principle of fungibility. As a result, mental accounting influences choice, that is, it matters. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Two studies are reported where people are asked to accept or not a price reduction on a target product. In the high (low) relative saving version, the regular price of the target product is low (high). In both versions, the absolute value of the price reduction is the same as well as the total of regular prices of planned purchases. As first reported by Tversky and Kahneman ( 1981 ), findings show that the majority of people accept the price discount in the high‐relative saving version whereas the minority do it in the low one. In Study 1, findings show that the previous preference reversal disappears when planned purchases are strongly related. Also, a previously unreported preference reversal is found. The majority of people accept the price discount when the products are weakly related whereas the minority accept when the products are strongly related. In Study 2, findings show that the classic preference reversal disappears as a function of the comparative price format. Also, another previously unreported preference reversal is found. When the offered price reduction relates to a low‐priced product, people are more inclined to accept it with a control than a minimal comparative price format. Findings reported in Studies 1 and 2 are interpreted in terms of mental accounting shifts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Many studies have shown that individuals make economically irrational decisions by using, rather than ignoring, sunk cost information. In this study, the effects of relevant academic training, financial experience and decision justification on investment decisions involving sunk costs were examined. Data on both the process (strategy) and outcome of the decisions were collected. The results indicate that practicing Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), Masters of Business Administration students (MBAs) and undergraduate accounting students perform better than undergraduate psychology students. The level of training, as measured by the number of college courses in managerial accounting, was found to be positively correlated with performance, while the level of experience, as measured by years of financially‐related work, was not. Justification was found to improve decisions only for those participants with significant work experience (MBAs and CPAs). Strategies used in this type of decision were examined with the surprising finding that economically rational decisions can be made even if sunk costs are not ignored. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Humor and Its Contributions to Mental Health 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bill Borcherdt 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2002,20(3-4):247-257
Self control assistance includes steady doses of humorous comment and reflection. Getting past the perfect person syndrome en route to an emotionally healthier existence can be done by the appreciation of use of humor. Distinguishing between commercialized and rational humor allows for more permanent long range happiness and survival. To be able to laugh and learn at the same time are two bull's-eyes that promote more optimal emotional well-being. Humor ignites thirty-seven listed provisions in the service of emotional health. Fifteen precise dimensions of mental health that humor can pave the way toward are reviewed. Twenty-nine irrational beliefs about humor are fleshed out followed by nine types of rational humor. Stories and stormy anecdotes from the wiles of the author's practice of psychotherapy and parenting misdemeanors further document the topic under consideration. 相似文献