Interactionism in personality in the twentieth century

This paper examines the historical development of the interaction model of personality in the twentieth century. The philosophical roots of interactionism can be traced to the writings of Aristotle and Descartes. One of the earliest interactionist positions in psychology can be found in the works of Kantor (1924, 1926). Although theoretical interest in interactionism continued with Lewin (1935), Murray (1938) and Rotter (1954), early empirical research examining interactionism developed independently. The social, political, historical and methodological factors that have influenced the research and theorizing on interactionism in personality are examined. Finally, the development of theinteraction model of personality is traced to the evolution of major personality issues, including: (1) the consistency-specifying controversy; (2) reformulation of definitions of consistency; (3) the distinction between mechanistic and dynamic interaction; and (4) the analysis of situations.     

Strictly Polish: synagogues of the early twentieth century

For architects in partitioned Poland, the early twentieth century was a time of hope for independence and of a search for building forms intended to preserve or recreate the mythologized Polish landscape and townscape of the past. A dworek, or small manor house, became one of the most popular models for designers of all building types, including synagogues. Those synagogues designed and built by Henryk Stifelman, an active member of the Warsaw Jewish Community and an assimilationist, were the best proof of a continuity of the general local architectural tradition. Other examples can also be found of synagogues in the dworek style, designed by non-Jewish architects in the 1920s for small towns in central and eastern Poland.     

Group psychotherapy in the late twentieth century: An international perspective

The state of contemporary group psychotherapy is reviewed in the light of developments in the areas of theory, practice, research directions, and the internationalization of the field and its literature.This is a revised and updated version of a paper presented at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Warsaw, April 26, 1989.He is the founding editor of the Non-English Literature Review Section of theInternational Journal of Group Psychotherapy and the editor of theInternational Forum of Group Psychotherapy of the International Association of Group Psychotherapy.     

A brief history of negation

The history of scholarship on negation tracks and illuminates the major developments in the history of metaphysics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind, from Parmenides, Plato and Aristotle through Frege, Russell, and Wittgenstein to contemporary formal theorists. Our perspective focuses on the catalytic role played by the 20th century philosopher of language Paul Grice, whose views on negation serve as a fulcrum for his attempt to bridge the (neo-)Traditionalist and Formalist traditions in logical thought. Grice's remarks on negation and speaker meaning and the elaboration of his ideas by subsequent neo-Griceans are summarized and situated within a broader picture of the role of contradictory and contrary negation in the frameworks of Aristotelians, Medievals, early modern schoolmaster-logicians, 19th and early 20th century neo-Idealists and Formalists, Oxford ordinary-language analytics, practitioners of classical and non-classical logics, and a range of other philosophers and linguists. Particular attention is paid to the relations between negation and the other operators of propositional and predicate calculus. Implications for accounts of the semantics and pragmatics of natural language are also pursued and extensive references to related work are provided.     

A brief history of continental realism

This paper explains the nature and origin of what I am calling Transgressive Realism, a middle path between realism and anti-realism which tries to combine their strengths while avoiding their weaknesses. Kierkegaard created the position by merging Hegel??s insistence that we must have some kind of contact with anything we can call real (thus rejecting noumena), with Kant??s belief that reality fundamentally exceeds our understanding; human reason should not be the criterion of the real. The result is the idea that our most vivid encounters with reality come in experiences that shatter our categories, the way God??s commandment to kill Isaac irreconcilably clashes with the best understanding of ethics we are capable of. I explain the genesis of this idea, and then show it at work in Heidegger and Levinas?? thought. Understanding this position illuminates important aspects of the history of continental philosophy and offers a new perspective on realism.     

The Jewish emigration from palestine in the early twentieth century

Rabinovitch boarded the ship with all the others who were leaving the land of Israel because the land didn't absorb them, so they leave the Land and return outside the Land. Some are glad to get away from the suffering of the Land and some are sad for they don't know what they will do outside the Land. When they ascended to the Land, they knew why they ascended, when they descend and go outside the Land, they don't know why they are descending.     

A brief history of Russian aphasiology

This paper analyzes early Russian contributions to the study of aphasia, dated between 1789 and 1941. Different approaches to the problem of the organization and localization of verbal functions as well as to the understanding of mechanisms of aphasia and principles of aphasia rehabilitation are discussed. Comparisons with European and North American contributions and with contributions from later Russian writing (e.g., Luria's period) are presented to demonstrate their interconnections in shaping the course of Russian aphasiology.