A Dogma of Naturalism

One of the major historical effects of Quine's attacks upon the analytic‐ synthetic distinction has been to popularise the belief that philosophy is continuous with science. Currently, most philosophers believe that such continuity is an inevitable consequence of naturalism. This article argues that though Quine's semantic holism does imply that there is no sharp distinction between truths discoverable by scientific investigation and truths discoverable by philosophical investigation, it also implies that there is a perfectly sharp and natural distinction between natural science and naturalistic philosophy.     

Every Dogma has its day

This paper is a reexamination of Two Dogmas in the light of Quine's ongoing debate with Carnap over analyticity. It shows, first, that analytic is a technical term within Carnap's epistemology. As such it is intelligible, and Carnap's position can meet Quine's objections. Second, it shows that the core of Quine's objection is that he (Quine) has an alternative epistemology to advance, one which appears to make no room for analyticity. Finally, the paper shows that Quine's alternative epistemology is itself open to very serious objections. Quine is not thereby refuted, but neither can Carnap's analyticity be dismissed as dogma.     

为一个教条辩护

在这篇论文中,格菜斯和斯特劳森试图为分析—综合区分辩护,他们认为奎因对该区分提出的批评不能为他对区分的拒绝提供辩护。两位作者的理由是:第一,分析—综合区分的存在有一个支持性的普遍前提,这个前提以分析性词组的日常用法和哲学用法为基础;第二,虽然分析性词组中的概念没有得到有效的形式定义,但通过对概念的语用分析,我们可以提出有效的非形式定义,而且任何定义都应当以语用实践为依据;第三,接受整体论与接受分析—综合区分是一致的,两者之间不存在矛盾。     

Quine's Naturalized Epistemology and the Third Dogma of Empiricism

This essay reconsiders Davidson's critical attribution of the scheme‐content distinction to Quine's naturalized epistemology. It focuses on Davidson's complaint that the presence of this distinction leads Quine to mistakenly construe neural input as evidence. While committed to this distinction, Quine's epistemology does not attempt to locate a justificatory foundation in sensory experience and does not then equate neural intake with evidence. Quine's central epistemological task is an explanatory one that attempts to scientifically clarify the route from stimulus to science. Davidson's critical remarks wrongly assign concerns to Quine's view that it does not have and further obscures the status of his naturalized conception of epistemology.     

Logos of a Living Earth: Toward a New Marriage of Science and Myth for Our Planetary Future

The social and ecological crises of the twenty-first century represent a failure of the techno-industrial way of living and knowing. It has become apparent that we need both a new mythos and a new science. In this essay, I draw attention to the important epistemological and cosmological implications of enactivism, a still emerging paradigm within the life sciences. Guided by the insights of the enactive paradigm, I offer a new story of human origins and destiny in an attempt to contribute to a more livable future for our species and the rest of the community of life on Earth.     

从繁殖力制约法则看现有肿瘤生长理论的不合理性

繁殖力受三个方面的因素制约,即寿命、形体和食物链的位置.寿命越长,繁殖力越弱；形体越大,繁殖力越弱；在食物链的位置越高,繁殖力越弱.繁殖力制约法则是维持生物界物种平衡和多样性的基本法则.现在的肿瘤生长理论中,肿瘤细胞一方面“抗凋亡”,另一方面却不断增殖,显然与这一法则相矛盾.     

神经科学领域百年教条被打破引发的思考和启示

有关成年脑组织神经元再生的研究是当前神经科学研究的热点内容。相关的研究使得成年脑神经元不能再生“百年教条”不断受到挑战并最终被打破,这一历程体现了科学理论发展的一般规律和特点,给我们带来许多有益的思考和启示。     

II—The Last Dogma of Type Confusions

In this paper I discuss a certain kind of 'type confusion' which involves use of expressions of the wrong grammatical category, as in the string 'runs eats'. It is (nearly) universally accepted that such strings are meaningless. My purpose in this paper is to question this widespread assumption (or as I call it, 'the last dogma'). I discuss a range of putative reasons for accepting the last dogma: in §II, semantic and metaphysical reasons; in §III, logical reasons; and in §IV, syntactic reasons. I argue that none of these reasons is conclusive, and that consequently we should be willing to question this last dogma of type confusions.     

Marriage and Attachment

SUMMARY

Attachment behavior (Bowlby, 1969) is considered an integral part of intimate human relating throughout the life span. This research examined the recollections of ten happy couples in long-term marriages as to their attachment experiences in childhood, and their current attachment experiences in marriage. The findings indicated that none of these happily married subjects were raised in homes where both parents were physically and emotionally available. Yet, in adult life they had clearly succeeded in establishing fulfilling long-term relationships. These findings suggested that attachment behavior is subject to modification throughout the life cycle and is not rigidly fixed in childhood. The data suggested that insight, changes in the parent/subject relationship, and the marital relationship were some of the primary factors which could account for the changes in attachment behavior.     

Love and Marriage

Summary

An analysis of the conditions and qualities necessary for maintaining a long term relationship is made based on the author's observations and inquiries. Conclusions are drawn from the analysis.