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1.
Timothy Williamson devotes significant effort in his The Philosophy of Philosophy to arguing against skepticism about judgment. One might think that the recent “experimental philosophy” challenge to the
philosophical practice of appealing to intuitions as evidence is a possible target of those arguments. However, this is not
so. The structure of that challenge is radically dissimilar from that of traditional skeptical arguments, and the aims of
the challenge are entirely congruent with the spirit of methodological improvement that Williamson himself exemplifies in
the Afterword of his book.
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2.
Ernest Sosa draws a distinction between animal knowledge and reflective knowledge, and this distinction forms the centerpiece
of his new book, A Virtue Epistemology. This paper argues that the distinction cannot do the work which Sosa assigns to it.
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3.
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls ( N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
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4.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
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5.
This is a critical discussion of Nino B. Cocchiarella’s book “Formal Ontology and Conceptual Realism.” It focuses on paradoxes
of hyperintensionality that may arise in formal systems of intensional logic.
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6.
The purpose of this paper is to consider Joshua Gert’s novel view of subjective practical rationality in his book Brute Rationality. After briefly outlining the account, I present two objections to his view and then consider his own objections to a rival
approach to understanding subjective rationality which I take to be much more plausible.
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7.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
8.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
9.
In his recent book, In Praise of Blame, George Sher argues (among other things) that a bad act can reflect negatively on a person if that act results in an appropriate
way from that person’s “character,” and defends a novel “two-tiered” account of what it is to blame someone. In these brief
comments, I raise some questions and doubts about each of these aspects of his rich and thought-provoking account.
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10.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
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11.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
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12.
The phenomenon of mutual support presents a specific challenge to the foundationalist epistemologist: Is it possible to model
mutual support accurately without using circles of evidential support? We argue that the appearance of loops of support arises
from a failure to distinguish different synchronic lines of evidential force. The ban on loops should be clarified to exclude
loops within any such line, and basing should be understood as taking place within lines of evidence. Uncertain propositions
involved in mutual support relations are conduits to each other of independent evidence originating ultimately in the foundations.
We examine several putative examples of benign loops of support and show that, given the distinctions noted, they can be accurately
modeled in a foundationalist fashion. We define an evidential “tangle,” a relation among three propositions that appears to
require a loop for modeling, and prove that all such tangles are trivial in a sense that precludes modeling them with an evidential
circle.
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13.
I argue that standard decision theories, namely causal decision theory and evidential decision theory, both are unsatisfactory.
I devise a new decision theory, from which, under certain conditions, standard game theory can be derived.
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14.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
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15.
“Ontological emergence” of inherent high-level properties with causal powers is witnessed nowhere. A non-substantialist conception
of emergence works much better. It allows downward causation, provided our concept of causality is transformed accordingly.
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16.
One problem that has formed the focus of much recent discussion on personal identity is the Fission Problem. The aim of this paper is to offer a novel solution to this problem. 相似文献
17.
My claim is clear and unambiguous: no machine will pass a well-designed Turing Test unless we find some means of embedding
it in lived social life. We have no idea how to do this but my argument, and all our evidence, suggests that it will not be
a necessary condition that the machine have more than a minimal body. Exactly how minimal is still being worked out.
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18.
I develop a problem for the Fregean Reference Shift analysis of that-clause reference. The problem is discussed by Stephen
Schiffer in his recent book The Things We Mean ( 2003). Either the defender of the Fregean Reference Shift analysis must count certain counterintuitive inferences as valid, or
else he must reject a plausible Exportation rule. I consider several responses. I find that the best response relies on a
Kaplan-inspired analysis of quantified belief reports. But I argue that this response faces some serious problems.
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19.
This paper presents an new epistemicist account of vagueness, one that avoids standard arbitrariness worries by exploiting
a plenitudinous metaphysic.
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20.
Music is to a large extent understood as if it is a language. This is also true when it comes to the recently published book
Communicative Musicality edited by Stephen Malloch and Colwyn Trevarthen ( 2009a). In this essay it is demonstrated that a lingocentric understanding of music is strongly connected to modernity, but also
that early experimental psychology presupposed a distinction between music and language. Polyphony, therefore, is here presented
as a characteristic for the musical system.
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