动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床诊疗决策

探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床诊疗决策.运用循证医学时动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期诊断,及时、合理、有效地选择个性化的治疗方案,降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的病残率和死亡率.     

介入治疗鞍内动脉瘤并蛛网膜下腔出血1例临床分析

探讨鞍内动脉瘤出血的临床表现、诊断与治疗策略。分析1例鞍内动脉瘤出血患者临床资料并复习文献。头颅CT检查确定为蛛网膜下腔出血,急诊行脑血管造影确诊为动脉瘤,成功介入手术治疗。破裂的鞍内动脉瘤诊断较为容易,未破裂动脉瘤尤其是巨大鞍内动脉瘤诊断困难,易与鞍内肿瘤混淆,对可疑者应及时行多层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)、磁共振血管造影(MRA),确诊依靠数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,确诊后选择恰当治疗方案。     

从蛛网膜下腔出血误诊谈临床思维

从蛛网膜下腔出血误诊谈临床思维大连市第五人民医院内科（１１６０２１）徐海波蛛网膜下腔出血如出现典型的临床表现,像突然发生的剧烈持久的头痛、呕吐及颈项强直等,易引起医务人员的注意,容易明确加以诊断。但临床上经常出现的是不典型的蛛网膜下腔出血,其临床表现...     

自由基与蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的关系及防治策略

脑血管痉挛是蛛网膜下腔出血后的严重并发症之一,可引起脑组织严重缺血或迟发性缺血性脑损伤,甚至导致脑梗死,但其病理机制仍未完全清楚,而越来越多的研究表明自由基在脑血管痉挛病理变化过程中发挥着重要作用。通过对自由基与脑血管痉挛之间关系的科学分析,探讨蛛网膜下腔出血后与自由基相关的脑血管痉挛的防治策略。     

自由基与蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的关系及防治策略

脑血管痉挛是蛛网膜下腔出血后的严重并发症之一,可引起脑组织严重缺血或迟发性缺血性脑损伤,甚至导致脑梗死,但其病理机制仍未完全清楚,而越来越多的研究表明自由基在脑血管痉挛病理变化过程中发挥着重要作用.通过对自由基与脑血管痉挛之间关系的科学分析,探讨蛛网膜下腔出血后与自由基相关的脑血管痉挛的防治策略.     

高血糖对蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的影响

为了探讨蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）患者血糖值与胰岛素治疗反应及预后的关系。我们回顾性分析65例SAH患者的临床资料,分为血糖明显升高组（血糖值〉11．0mmol／L）、血糖轻度升高组（血糖7．0mmol／L-11．0mmol／L）和血糖正常组（血糖值〈7．0mmol／L）,比较各组在胰岛素治疗反应、病情严重程度及预后方面的差异。结果显示大部分患者血糖都有不同程度的升高,病情越重,出现应激性高血糖的几率越高,强化胰岛素治疗效果越不理想;且血糖值越高,预后越差。有研究表明血糖增高是蛛网膜下腔出血脑组织神经功能受损后应激反应的结果,血糖增高可作为病情加重及预后的预测因子之一。     

浅析神经外科中的诊疗思路和思维方式

应该注重培训年轻医生在临床中学会应用哲学思想和思维方式,真正认识事物的本质。这对于诊断、治疗、科研、创新有事半功倍的作用,可避免片面性、盲目性,减少医源性偏差与失误,提高治愈率和生活质量。一般通过三种思维方式即理论、工程及评价思维思考疾病,如蛛网膜下腔出血的病因、临床特点、检查方法、诊疗思路、预后和转归,最终达到预期的疗效。     

浅析神经外科中的诊疗思路和思维方式

应该注重培训年轻医生在临床中学会应用哲学思想和思维方式,真正认识事物的本质.这对于诊断、治疗、科研、创新有事半功倍的作用,可避免片面性、盲目性,减少医源性偏差与失误,提高治愈率和生活质量.一般通过三种思维方式即理论、工程及评价思维思考疾病,如蛛网膜下腔出血的病因、临床特点、检查方法、诊疗思路、预后和转归,最终达到预期的疗效.     

48例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血急性期治疗效果分析

总结我科收治的48例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血急性期患者治疗体会。回顾性分析2011年8月～2013年10月我科收治的48例56个颅内动脉瘤破裂出血急性期临床资料,介入栓塞30例（36个动脉瘤）,手术夹闭18例（20个动脉瘤）。结果介入栓塞组恢复良好14例、轻度残疾6例、重度残疾8例,死亡2例,手术夹闭组恢复良好10例、轻度残疾6例、重度残疾2例。两组 Hunt-Hess 分级3级以下患者预后无显著性差异。血管内栓塞和手术夹闭均为颅内动脉瘤破裂出血急性期的有效治疗手段,Hunt-Hess 分级3级以下者两种治疗方式均可得到满意疗效,4级以上者血管内栓塞是挽救患者生命的重要措施,但预后较差。     

后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术中的筋膜间隙层面解剖研究

通过对腹膜后腔筋膜间隙层面解剖的研究总结,在后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术中寻找安全正确的解剖层面,进行无血化解剖性手术操作,改进游离、切除肾脏的手术技巧。2016年3月~2017年3月收治61例局限性肾癌患者,其中左侧33例,右侧28例;肿瘤直径3.4cm~7.5cm,平均5.6cm。通过寻找显露肾旁前间隙、腰肌前间隙、肾筋膜前叶肾前融合筋膜间隙等无血管平面,实施无血化解剖性肾切除手术。61例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间43min~98min,平均61min;出血量30ml~150ml,平均75ml;术后4d~8d出院。7例发生腹膜破裂,5例发生肾上腺腺体轻微撕裂,少量出血,无输血,无其他严重并发症发生。根据腹膜后腔筋膜间隙层面解剖的特点,通过辨认及分离肾旁前间隙、腰肌前间隙、肾筋膜前叶肾前融合筋膜间隙等无血管层面,可充分显露手术空间,在直视下辨别毗邻关系,可无血化解剖性实施手术,术中出血少,避免周围毗邻脏器损伤及大出血等并发症。该方法安全有效、节省时间,值得在临床推广应用。     

Performance in free recall following rupture and repair of intracranial aneurysm

There have been many reports of global memory disorder following rupture and repair of intracranial aneurysms. These reports suggest a more anterior basis for the amnesic syndrome than the various sites in the diencephalon and the temporal lobe that have so far been implicated. Patients from a consecutive series of 76 cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage demonstrated a moderate deficit in free recall, but aneurysms at different sites within the cerebrovascular system did not produce significantly different degrees of impairment. The results are consistent with the idea that aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage gives rise to diffuse cerebral damage, and do not necessitate any revision of conventionally accepted accounts of the neuropathology of amnesic conditions.     

Cognitive assessment in Chinese patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

A subgroup of patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may have significant cognitive deficits. The aim of the current study was to determine the efficiency of cognitive tests and frequency of cognitive impairments associated with aneurysmal SAH in Chinese. A series of 116 patients with aneurysmal SAH were assessed before surgery. Only 37 patients have completed all tests. The other 79 patients had discontinued because of their clinical conditions, recurring severe headaches, refusing or misunderstanding due to low education. We found that one or more cognitive functions were impaired in 70.3% of the 37 patients, SAH patients were especially impaired in functions that are related to visual reproduction, verbal fluency, and executive functions. The results suggest that the patients have impressive cognitive deficits after aneurysmal SAH. A battery of appropriate cognitive tests should be developed for use by doctors and nurses.     

Abnormal diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Substantial evidence suggests that impairment of the hypothalamus?pituitary system can occur following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Given that the diurnal cortisol rhythm is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus?pituitary system, this study examined whether changes in diurnal cortisol rhythm occurred after aSAH. Cortisol concentrations were measured in the saliva samples collected from patients after aSAH and other types of cerebral hemorrhage (non-aSAH) in the post-awakening period and at night (21:00?h), and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal cortisol decline were determined. The area under the cortisol curve from immediately after to 45?min after awakening (CARauc) in the aSAH patient group was comparable to that in the non-aSAH or healthy control groups. However, an obvious cortisol peak was not found after the awakening period, and the morning/nighttime cortisol ratio in the aSAH patient group was significantly lower than that in other examined groups due to higher nighttime cortisol concentrations. In aSAH patients, the CARauc and nighttime cortisol concentrations were negatively correlated with the Fisher CT grade. These results indicate that the diurnal cortisol rhythm is not regulated normally after aSAH, and cortisol secretory activity decreases as the volume of subarachnoid bleeding increases. Our findings will be helpful to understand altered hypothalamus?pituitary?adrenal axis function after aSAH.     

In vitro studies to elucidate the fibrinolytic activity in cerebrospinal fluid altered by inflammation and hemorrhage and having pathologic protein values]

Using selectively immunological methods, it was possible, through FSP determination, for plasmin activities and plasminogen concentrations to be occasionally and exclusively detected in inflammatorily altered liquores and in bloody liquores, respectively. Thus, bloody cerebrospinal fluid, in contrast with inflammatorily altered liquor, usually shows free fibrinolytic activity, so that antifibrinolytic therapy of intracranial aneurysmal hemorrhage is pathophysiologically justifiable.     

Disorders of microcirculation in subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage

The pathophysiological notions of hemodilution treatment of ischemic seizures with plasma expanders indicates the significance of microcirculation. Microcirculation disorders arise from the interrelations of hemodynamic, vascular, and hemorrheologic factors. It seems that hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch reduces peripheral microcirculation disorders, thus inhibiting the development of cerebral edema. In the case of subarachnoid hemorrhage, the hemorrheologic factors deteriorate less severely when given antifibrinolytic treatment with Aprotinin. Simultaneous hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch can counterbalance the already existing changes.     

Pregnancy and stroke

The risks of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage are not increased in the 9 months of gestation except for a high risk in the 2 days prior and 1 day postpartum. The remaining 6 weeks postpartum also have an increased risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, though less than the peripartum period. Although there are some rare causes of stroke specific to pregnancy and the postpartum period, eclampsia, cardiomyopathy, postpartum cerebral venous thrombosis, and, possibly, paradoxical embolism warrant special consideration. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to stroke during pregnancy and the postpartum period are similar to the approaches in the nonpregnant woman with some minor modifications based on consideration of the welfare of the fetus. There is a theoretical risk of magnetic resonance imaging exposure during the first and second trimester but the benefit to the mother of obtaining the information may outweigh the risk. Available evidence suggests that low-dose aspirin (<150 mg/day) during the second and third trimesters is safe for both mother and fetus. Postpartum use of low-dose aspirin by breast-feeding mother is also safe for infant. While proper counseling is imperative, a history of pregnancy-related stroke should not be a contraindication for subsequent pregnancy.     

Recurrent aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine

A boy is reported with a relapsing aneurysmal bone cyst of the lumbosacral spine. The therapeutical problems are discussed. The radiation of relapsing aneurysmal bone cyst is being advocated.     

The role of callosal connections in speech prosody

A 39-year-old right-handed woman suffered an aneurysmal hemorrhage damaging the anterior four-fifths of the corpus callosum as shown on MRI. Computer-aided acoustical analyses of fundamental frequency (Fo) contours and durational patterns were performed on emotive and nonemotive utterances at 4 weeks, 4 months, and 1 year postsurgery. The patient read sentences in each of five tones (happy, sad, angry, neutral, questioning) or with emphasis on certain words. She showed little Fo distinction with intended mood at 4 weeks, but her performance improved over time. This improvement in speech production was accompanied by an improvement in perceptual judgments of her intended tone by six normal listeners. Fo patterns characteristic of emphatic stress and question forms were found at all test periods, but again improved with time. Durationally, the patient showed appropriate emotive and nonemotive distinctions on most sentences. These results provide acoustic evidence that interhemispheric connections via the corpus callosum are important to proper Fo programming, especially emotive distinctions. The results suggest that the right hemisphere contributes to Fo programming but, following callosal damage, such programming can later be performed by the left hemisphere.