乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式及生活质量的相关性研究

调查乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式与生活质量,探讨三者间的相互关系.应用一般自我效能感量表、医学应对问卷和生活质量测定量表对116例乳腺癌术后患者的自我效能、应对方式和生活质量状况进行测评,并分析三者间的相互关系.乳腺癌术后患者自我效能处于较低水平,应对方式趋向于采取屈服方式,生活质量处于较高水平,自我效能、应对方式和生活质量三者之间存在一定程度的关联,可以通过提高患者的自我效能,指导患者采用积极的应对方式改善其生活质量.     

糖尿病自我管理的面面观

糖尿病是慢性终身性疾病。糖尿病患者的自我管理处于中等或偏低的水平,导致患者出现各种急慢性并发症,严重影响了患者的生活质量。患者的自我效能影响患者的自我管理行为。因此,有必要介绍糖尿病自我管理理论及研究现状,为提高糖尿病患者的自我管理水平提供参考资料。     

糖尿病自我管理的面面观

糖尿病是慢性终身性疾病.糖尿病患者的自我管理处于中等或偏低的水平,导致患者出现各种急慢性并发症,严重影响了患者的生活质量.患者的自我效能影响患者的自我管理行为.因此,有必要介绍糖尿病自我管理理论及研究现状,为提高糖尿病患者的自我管理水平提供参考资料.     

基于社会学习理论的妊娠糖尿病综合管理模式的探讨

针对生活方式干预这一难点,整合多学科资源,围绕妊娠糖尿病患者血糖管理,以班杜拉的交互决定理论、观察学习理论和自我效能理论为指导,设计营养、运动、心理、产科、内分泌、血糖监测六个管理模块,利用个体化管理门诊、体验式课堂和宣教课堂等不同情景式平台环境,为患者提供健康生活方式和血糖自我管理的范式、方法和技能。通过观察学习、体验、多种强化刺激等,提高患者自我效能,使健康生活方式成为自觉行动,达到管理好血糖的目的。     

创业自我效能的中介作用机制探究

摘要 近年来,创业自我效能的研究日益受到重视,已有的研究大多把创业自我效能作为预测变量,探讨其对创业意向及创业绩效的影响。本研究梳理了性别角色取向及认知风格对创业自我效能的影响,探讨了创业自我效能的中介作用机制及其这种中介效应对理论及实践的启示。     

疾病治疗与康复的自我效能模式及其意义

自我效能是指个体对其在特定情境中成功地完成某种活动的能力预期。患者的自我效能预期能以直接或间接的方式影响其行为表现和生理机能,从而影响到疾病治疗与康复效果。患者自我效能的形成与发展既受各种效能信息的影响,也受个体认知加工方式的影响。根据患者自我效能的形成与作用模式,可以采取不同的措施来提高患者的自我效能预期,发挥它在疾病治疗与康复中的作用。     

疾病治疗与康复的自我效能模式及其意义

自我效能是指个体对其在特定情境中成功地完成某种活动的能力预期.患者的自我效能预期能以直接或间接的方式影响其行为表现和生理机能,从而影响到疾病治疗与康复效果.患者自我效能的形成与发展既受各种效能信息的影响,也受个体认知加工方式的影响.根据患者自我效能的形成与作用模式,可以采取不同的措施来提高患者的自我效能预期,发挥它在疾病治疗与康复中的作用.     

自我效能感的理论及研究现状

对２０年来国内外关于自我效能感的研究进行了综述,分别讨论了自我效能感产生的背景、理论框架、研究发展及未来趋势。     

大学生学业自我效能感现状及影响因素探析

正1.问题的提出自我效能感概念是1977年美国心理学家班杜拉(Bandura)在《自我效能:关于行为变化的综合理论》中最早提出的。[1]班杜拉提出自我效能感概念后,自我效能感也便成为心理学和社会学中一个重要研究领域。其后,在大量实验研究基础上,班杜拉及其同事进一步完善了这一概念,提出自我效能感理论,而学业自我效能感是自我效能感理论中的一个重要应用方面之一。学业自我效能感,又称学业自信心,是指学生对自身应付特定     

催眠疗法对现代大学生一般自我效能感的影响

自我效能感过低,是现代大学生生活质量不高,学习生活状态不佳的原因之一,本文对运用催眠疗法,在潜意识状态下针对大学生自我效能感的心理干预方面的研究现状进行综述,以了解催眠疗法对大学生自我效能进行心理干预的影响和作用,本文旨在研究现代大学生在催眠状态下自我效能感的变化,以期为提高自我效能感提供有效的干预方法,从而达到提高学生的学习质量和身心健康水平的目的。为临床心理咨询师对现代大学生进行心理干预提供理论基础。本文通过文献查阅法得出催眠疗法能提升大学生自我效能感。     

中国大陆宁养照顾对癌症末期患者生活质量之影响

宁养工作强调全人的照顾,不但能维持原有的生活方式,而且能提高生活的品质。本研究旨在探讨癌症末期患者在宁养照顾介入后,生活质量的改变。研究分为试验组（n=630）和对照组（n=241）。研究的结果显示癌症末期患者经过宁养介入后,其身、心、灵、社会之生活品质大幅度改善。而对照组患者仅在身体生活质量方面有显著改变。因此对医疗人员、社会大众的临终关怀观念的推广及教育是迫切需要的,立法更是不容忽视的课题,正确的立法才能真正推动宁养工作的发展。     

借助巴林特小组培训模式提高临床护理质量

通过对巴林特小组培训模式的认识和理解,并将之运用于临床护理研究,使护理人员在处理护患关系中形成新的视角和更具分析性的思考方式,从而能够更深刻地意识到自身对于患者的影响,提高换位思考的敏感性,以便更好地理解和帮助患者;同时还能促进护理人员的心理健康和减少其工作中存在的护患矛盾。这不仅可以提高患者的治疗效果和生活质量,而且还可以提升护理人员自身的职业素养。因此,巴林特小组培训模式对于实现临床护理优质服务具有重要的现实意义。     

The effects of preoperative preparation on postoperative outcomes: the moderating role of control appraisals.

OBJECTIVE: To test the proposal that external health locus of control and self-efficacy would moderate the effects of a psychological preparation for surgery on outcomes for surgical heart patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological distress, pain, serum cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. DESIGN: A total of 80 coronary artery bypass graft patients were given standard care plus a psychological preparation or standard care alone using a single-blind methodology with random assignment. Data on psychological and biological functioning were collected at admission (baseline) and discharge. RESULTS: As predicted, external health locus of control and self-efficacy moderated the effect of the preparation on all outcomes. Results indicated that for high external health locus of control, the preparation was related to lower distress for people with high self-efficacy compared with those with low self-efficacy. When external health locus of control was low, the preparation was related to lower distress for those with lower self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: These findings caution against the use of preparations and education for surgical patients without accounting for control appraisals.     

Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions

Bandura's self-efficacy theory, stemming from a social cognitive model of behavior, has been gaining empirical attention in the career literature. This paper reviews emerging findings applying self-efficacy theory to career-relevant behaviors; examines a number of conceptual and methodological issues arising from this work; and offers several directions for future research and theory on the career self-efficacy construct. Self-efficacy appears to offer promise in understanding certain career entry behaviors, such as college major choices and academic performance, though there has been little work relating self-efficacy to career development beyond college or exploring causal connections between self-efficacy and career behaviors. An expanded base for research on career self-efficacy is advocated.     

A behavior-analytic critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory

A behavior-analytic critique of self-efficacy theory is presented. Self-efficacy theory asserts that efficacy expectations determine approach behavior and physiological arousal of phobics as well as numerous other clinically important behaviors. Evidence which is purported to support this assertion is reviewed. The evidence consists of correlations between self-efficacy ratings and other behaviors. Such response-response relationships do not unequivocally establish that one response causes another. A behavior-analytic alternative to self-efficacy theory explains these relationships in terms of environmental events. Correlations between self-efficacy rating behavior and other behavior may be due to the contingencies of reinforcement that establish a correspondence between such verbal predictions and the behavior to which they refer. Such a behavior-analytic account does not deny any of the empirical relationships presented in support of self-efficacy theory, but it points to environmental variables that could account for those relationships and that could be manipulated in the interest of developing more effective treatment procedures.     

The changing signs in the relationships among self-efficacy, personal goals, and performance

The common interpretation of the positive correlation among self-efficacy, personal goals, and performance is questioned. Using self-efficacy theory (A. Bandura, 1977), it was predicted that cross-sectional correlational results were a function of past performance's influence on self-efficacy, and using control theory (W. T. Powers, 1973), it was predicted that self-efficacy could negatively influence subsequent performance. These predictions were supported with 56 undergraduate participants, using a within-person procedure. Personal goals were also positively influenced by self-efficacy and performance but negatively related to subsequent performance. A 2nd study involving 185 undergraduates found that manipulated goal level positively predicted performance and self-efficacy positively predicted performance in the difficult-goal condition. The discussion focuses on conditions likely to affect the sign of the relationship among self-efficacy, goals, and performance.     

Self-efficacy expectations and coping with career-related events

The process of self-efficacy expectation development, coping with a difficult task, and task performance is examined using a path analytic framework. A model of this process is examined with a job interview task as a way of assessing the generalizability of self-efficacy theory to career-related behavior. Results show that self-efficacy expectation theory generalizes to a career-related task, and that emotion-focused coping mediates the relationship between self-efficacy expectations and perceived performance, but not performance as assessed by the interviewer. The importance of self-efficacy expectations and emotion-focused coping as mediating the relationship of perceived past performance and pretask anxiety with subsequent behavior and outcomes is discussed.     

To be or not to be at risk: Spontaneous reactions to risk information

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease, which can lead to considerable psychological distress. The present study evaluated anxiety and depression symptoms for this chronic and painful illness within the framework of the conservation of resources (COR) theory. Coping strategies, coping self-efficacy, religiousness and social support are very important personal resources, which have been found to protect individuals from psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive values of socio-demographic and illness-related variables, perceived social support, ways of coping, religiousness, arthritis self-efficacy and resource loss for psychological distress in a sample of 117 RA patients from Turkey, a secular, Islamic, non-western developing country. The results revealed that RA patients experience considerable anxiety and depressive symptoms. The results of the regression analysis showed that gender, helplessness coping and resource loss are significant predictors of anxiety, whereas arthritis self-efficacy and resource loss are significant predictors of depression. Resource loss appeared as an important predictor for both anxiety and depression. This finding was consistent with the COR theory. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.     

华生关怀理论在慢性病患者护理中的应用探索

随着我国经济的发展,人群中疾病谱和死因谱发生了重大变化。以心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤为代表的慢性病已成为严重威胁人们健康的公共卫生问题。慢性病的主要特点是病程长,迁延不愈,反复发作,它对人的共同影响有：身体功能、心理、社会生活等的影响。护理理论家华生提出关怀护理理论,关怀必须是护理人员结合科学与人文知识在与患者的互动关系中按照关怀的10个要素来完成,目标是帮助患者达到身体、心理及心灵更高程度的协调。本文介绍了关怀理论的主要内容、慢性病的特点,并通过实际病例应用阐述了关怀理论在慢性病患者临床护理中的应用。     

Death Attitudes,Palliative Care Self-efficacy,and Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Among Hospice Nurses

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - Previous research has linked death attitudes, palliative care self-efficacy, and attitudes toward care of the dying among nursing students and...