Abstracting Psychological Literature,Especially Non-English,in the 1990s

The cessation of non-English materials in Psychological Abstracts in 1988 resulted in a crisis, yet to be resolved, in the international exchange of information. As a long-term solution we favour founding International Psychological Abstracts, with the responsibility for preparation of the abstracts to be shared by the international psychological community. It is hoped that the compact-disc versions of the databases will become affordable to institutions around the world. In this communication, in addition to the abstract system of the American Psychological Association, attention will be given to other abstract journals in English as well as in French, German, and Russian.     

From the Book Review Editor

Abstract

ETHICS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COUNSELING: A PRACTICAL GUIDE (2nd Edition), by Kenneth S. Pope and Melba J. T. Vasquez (1998). San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Reviewed by Paula J. Caplan.

BREASTS: THE WOMEN'S PERSPECTIVE ON AN AMERICAN OBSESSION, by Carolyn Latteier (1998). New York: Harrington Park Press. Reviewed by Joan C. Chrisler.

LOOKING QUEER: BODY IMAGE AND IDENTITY IN LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER COMMUNITIES, edited by Dawn Atkins. New York: Harrington Park Press, $29.95, paperback. Reviewed by Christine Smith.

THE LAST TIME I WORE A DRESS, by Daphne Scholinski with Jane Meredith Adams (1997). New York: Riverhead Books, $23.95, hardback. Reviewed by Claudette Kulkarni.

AFTER SILENCE: RAPE AND MY JOURNEY BACK, by Nancy Venable Raine (1998). New York: Crown Publications, Inc., $23.00, hardback. ISBN: 0-517-70683-0. Reviewed by Lisa Cosgrove.     

中西方面子研究综述

本文在详细回顾了过去半个多世纪的面子理论研究之后,得出结论认为目前面子研究中存在的一个最主要的问题是基本概念不清,多停留于理论层次的探讨,缺乏可靠的结论与实际的证据。针对此种现状,笔者建议从与面子具有本质性联系的自尊概念人手针对面子的内涵及其机制进行可行性的探究。     

Conflicting Loyalties: A Literature Review

Because most counselors are employees of institutions and agencies rather than private practitioners, the problem of dual, sometimes conflicting, allegiance to the employer and to the client has long been an issue. The ethical code of the American Personnel and Guidance Association acknowledges this ambiguity, but it does not offer precise directions for its resolution. It is assumed that counselors may turn to the professional literature for direction to resolve the dilemma. This article surveys the relevant literature in an attempt to discover the nature of the direction available to counselors as they deal with conflicting loyalties.     

紫柏真可研究综述

明末四大高僧之一的紫柏真可(1543-1601),在明末佛教复兴运动中举足轻重。紫柏法师名满天下,身边众多宰官居士。其佛学思想自成体系,影响了当时居士文人的修学理念,也影响了后世"人间佛教"的佛学理论。他一生致力于弘扬佛法,复兴寺庙,发起民间刊刻"方册藏",营救太守吴宝秀,后因受晚明党争牵连而圆寂。鉴于在佛学界和思想界的特殊的身份和不平常的社会经历,紫柏是明代佛教史、思想史的研究内容,也是社会学、历史学、文化学关注的对象。笔者纵观紫柏研究的文献资料,试从以下几个方面做一简单的梳理、比较和述评。     

Sucking Behavior: A Review of the Literature

One hundred and twenty alienated alcoholics were exposed to high and low status models claiming task success rates of 25% or 50%. The effects of such modeling on the subjects' claimed task success and mood were complex. Subjects exposed to a two-peer 2.5% rate increased their claimed task success on two tasks and decreased their depressive mood. Subjects exposed to a single-peer 50% rate changed only mood scores apparently due to rejection of the model (Semantic Differential). Overall findings suggest that behavioral changes produced appropriate mood changes and that modeling of modest success rates can produce these changes.     

自然灾难后身心反应的影响因素:研究与启示

所有经历自然灾难的人都会出现应激反应。随着时间的推移, 这些反应或消退, 或转化为一种创伤后成长(PTG), 或恶化为创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)等。根据危险因素模型, 这一过程受三类因素影响:(1)前灾难因素, 如性别、年龄等;(2)当下灾难因素, 如创伤暴露程度等;(3)后灾难因素, 如社会支持、复原特征等。其中, 后灾难因素得到了更多的关注。在危险-保护因素模式及机体主动模式的基础上, 分析了后灾难因素的作用机制, 通过研究的整合, 探讨了其对于灾后研究和干预的启示。