The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry by Harry Stack Sullivan

Charismatic relationships occur frequently in treatment of substance abusers because patients are regressed and have temporary needs for inspiration and guidance. The therapist who assesses patients' needs for charisma in the pregroup evaluation can avoid the twin pitfalls of placing patients in groups with insufficient or excessive charismatic leadership. Too little charismatic leadership is ineffective; patients remain regressed and the group does not come together. Too much charismatic leadership stifles patients' growth. As patients develop control over their addictive behavior, the need for charisma diminishes. A sensitive leader can recognize this from changes in patients' attitudes toward their addictions and from indicators of autonomy in the group process. The leader can then accept the need for adjustments in leadership style to avoid hindering patients' growth.     

Psychiatry of the physician J.C. Reil--a critical view

Reil (1759-1813) was one of the doctors who developed psychiatry in Germany. He represented a materialist psychiatry with dialectical aspects. His concept, which was orientated mainly on therapy, is based on the assumption that mental disturbances can be healed. He proposed the establishment of psychiatric hospitals in order to eliminate the hospitalization of the sick in the same building as healthy and to permit the application of specific forms of treatment. The methods he used to heal mental disorders were partly repressive, but they also contained elements of psychotherapeutic treatment.     

The teachings of honorary Professor of Psychiatry Daniel Paul Schreber, J.D., to psychiatrists and psychoanalysts, or dramatology's challenge to psychiatry and psychoanalysis

The paper addresses the question: How does one read Schreber? Should one read ideas into his text to make sense of it, or should one listen to Schreber's own ideas? Freud read theories into Schreber and so did generations of psychiatric and psychoanalytic readers thereafter, creating Schreber, a myth. Looking for Schreber, the man, the author read Schreber from the perspective of history and dramatology so as to retranslate symptoms, syndromes, and systems back into Schreber's life dramas. As an interpreter and thinker in his own right, Schreber crafted a multilayered first-person narrative containing many lessons useful to patients, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts.     

讲明与践履--象山教化理论与实践

象山先生十分关注教化对人格塑造和社会安定的实践意义。与其心学旨趣相仿,象山更为强调的是教化的主体性。象山把教化的本质规定为自我教化,认为教化的关键就在于“正人心”,恢复“本心”,社会教化不过是自我教化向外推衍的结果。尽管通过讲明与践履,教化的最终目标是“一致于道”,但它又有着民众社会教化和士君子自我教化的分野,正是在这讲明与践履、民与士、社会教化和自我教化的张力中,象山先生开始了自己的教化理论与实践。象山坚信,人的普遍本质是内在的而非外在的,因此,同西方教化理论相比,象山先生的自我教化理论通过向内在自我回归以实现人的普遍性的提升,从而达成了人的本质的自我认同而非异化,这一睿见卓识意义深远。     

The Practice of Exposure Therapy: Relevance of Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Extinction Theory

Exposure therapy is the most effective psychological intervention for people with anxiety disorders. While many therapists learn how to implement exposure techniques through clinical training programs or instructional workshops, not all of these educational efforts include a focus on the theory underlying this treatment. The availability of treatment manuals providing step-by-step instructions for how to implement exposure makes it easier for clinicians to use these techniques with less training than they might otherwise receive. This raises questions regarding whether it is necessary to understand the theory behind the use of exposure. This article argues that knowledge of the relevant theory is crucial to being able to implement exposure therapy in ways that optimize both short- and long-term outcome. Specific ways in which theory is relevant to using exposure techniques are discussed.     

当代美国行政伦理的理论与实践

当代美国行政伦理的基本价值理念在个人价值上重视诚实和正义;在职业价值上重视专业和敬业;在组织价值上重视效率和规则;在合法价值上重视依法和守法;在公共利益价值上重视为公共利益服务。美国行政伦理规范经历了一个制定、修订和演进过程,并始终重视其管理和实践。美国行政伦理50年的建设经验,对我国社会主义行政伦理建设具有重要启示意义。