同性恋者的心理健康状况及其影响因素

半个世纪以来,国外对同性恋者的心理健康进行了大量的实证研究,而我国心理学领域对此的研究几乎是空白。本为通过对国内外相关文献的整理和分析,论证了同性恋作为一种性取向虽然不是一种心理疾病,但同性恋者却面临着社会污名、内化的恐同观念、偏见、歧视、侵害、暴力、家庭压力,以及对自己性取向的暴露与隐藏等一系列影响心理健康的消极因素,这些因素导致了同性恋者面临着比较严重的情绪障碍、物质依赖、自杀等心理健康问题。     

同性恋者的内化同性恋嫌恶：形成及影响机制

内化同性恋嫌恶是同性恋者经历对外界偏见的内化过程后,所形成的对自身性取向的负性态度。本文在回顾和分析内化同性恋嫌恶形成及影响机制相关研究的基础上,尝试提出整合性的内化同性恋嫌恶形成/影响机制假设模型。最后,本文提出进一步验证和发展内化同性恋嫌恶形成/影响机制模型、考察缓解内化同性恋嫌恶影响的保护因素及加强内化同性恋嫌恶的本土化研究是未来的研究方向。     

公正:对待同性恋者的主要伦理原则

同性恋问题由来已久,但至今同性恋者仍处于社会的边缘和弱势地位,提出旨在对这一问题的解决提出公正原则是对待同性恋者的主要伦理原则.通过践行伦理公正,使其获得应有的权利,从而使同性恋者获得合理的地位,实现其做人的价值.     

年轻男同性恋者自我概念清晰性与生命意义感的关系及作用机制

通过网络抽样法对405名年轻男同性恋者进行问卷调查,考察年轻男同性恋者自我概念清晰性与生命意义感的关系,并探讨内化同性恋嫌恶和应对自我效能感在其间的作用机制。结果表明：（1）年轻男同性恋者自我概念清晰性与生命意义感呈显著正相关。（2）内化同性恋嫌恶、应对自我效能感在自我概念清晰性与生命意义感间起链式中介作用。（3）应对自我效能感在自我概念清晰性与生命意义感间起中介作用。     

同性恋问题的道德探讨与法律应对

随着越来越多的国家就同性婚姻出台立法,同性恋已不单是道德问题,也带来了实践中的法律冲突。在这一背景下,应对同性恋问题进行道德上的理性思考,将接受同性恋与承认同性恋者的平等权利分开,并在谨慎处理我国是否为同性婚姻立法的同时,积极探讨如何应对涉外同性法律关系。     

婚姻关系中的情绪表达和情绪表达冲突

探讨了婚姻关系中自尊、情绪表达、情绪表达冲突与婚姻满意度之间的关系。186名被试完成了自尊、情绪表达、情绪表达冲突与婚姻满意度问卷。结果发现：低自尊导致了高情绪表达冲突,且高情绪表达冲突不利于伴侣的情绪表达和婚姻满意度;自尊通过情绪表达和情绪表达冲突影响婚姻满意度;男性的情绪表达冲突高于女性,且自尊通过情绪表达冲突影响婚姻满意度的间接效应在男性中更为明显。     

在婚姻关系中荣耀神

在现实生活中,因婚姻产生的社会问题不是单靠法律可以解决的。对此,基督教所倡导的婚姻观,正好可以从道德伦理方面给予一定的补足。本文旨在从基督教伦理的角度来探讨婚姻关系,使得基督教在促进社会和谐方面起到积极作用。     

年轻男同性恋者内化同性恋嫌恶与主观幸福感的关系：自尊与孤独感的中介效应

通过网络抽样法,采用内化同性恋嫌恶量表、自尊量表、孤独感量表、主观幸福感量表对249名年轻男同性恋者进行调查,考察当代国内年轻男同性恋者内化同性恋嫌恶的现状,并探讨内化同性恋嫌恶与主观幸福感的关系及自尊与孤独感在其间的中介效应。结果表明：（1）总体上,国内年轻男同性恋者内化同性恋嫌恶处于中等偏低水平,且有较大比例年轻男同性恋者不存在内化同性恋嫌恶。（2）内化同性恋嫌恶与积极情感、生活满意度显著负相关,与消极情感显著正相关。（3）自尊与孤独感在内化同性恋嫌恶与主观幸福感间起完全中介作用。（4）内化同性恋嫌恶通过影响自尊间接影响孤独感,又通过影响孤独感作用于主观幸福感。     

同性恋成因的理论探讨

关于同性恋的成因,人们分别从两个角度进行了分析,其一是生理角度,学者们探讨了三个方面的因素：遗传因素、大脑结构和激素水平。其二是心理社会角度,精神分析学说强调恋母情节导致了特殊的母子关系,从而引起性心理异常,形成同性恋。行为主义心理不主张重视伙伴关系、偶然的机遇以及特殊的经历在同性恋形成中的作用。     

同性恋形成机制探析

尽管人们对同性恋越来越宽容,但它仍是一种反常规现象。让现有同性恋者放弃同恋行为来减少同性恋难度很大,也不人道。在同性恋形成机制的问题上,有生理机制说和社会心理机制说。本文倾向于社会心理机制说。尝试从同性恋的社会心理机制上把同性恋分为两个形成亚型,并说明了每个亚型形成的具体过程。     

Marital Status and Outcome in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of marital status to health outcomes in 818 post-MI, coronary artery bypass surgery, and angioplasty patients (651 males, 157 females) from seven Northern California hospitals who completed 12 months of a nurse-managed, home-based multifactorial risk reduction program. Compared to married patients, nonmarried patients were significantly less likely to complete the program than married patients, more likely to smoke at baseline, and drank significantly less alcohol at baseline. At 12 months there were no significant differences between married and nonmarried groups on smoking cessation rates, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, or exercise treadmill test results. When patients were categorized as married, divorced, separated, widowed, or single, similar results were found for the analyses using two groups (married versus nonmarried), with the following exceptions. Separated patients were significantly less likely to quit smoking. In addition, separated patients showed significantly higher rates of starting (and continuing) to smoke during the time following their MI. Mortality was not significantly different between married and unmarried patients. Implications for intervention with separated patients and the importance of assessing both marital status and marital quality are discussed.     

What Family Organization Tells Us about Fairness and Power in Marital Relationships

After retracing the origins of traditional family organization and describing the present-day distribution of tasks in occidental societies, this paper presents results from studies on prevalent explanations for the unequal family practices that highlight the simultaneous effects of the trend toward equality and the pressure toward conformity in the family organization. It analyzes work undertaken in the distributive justice framework, which suggests that women's wants and values and their readiness to accept justifications for unequal practices contribute, more than social comparison processes, to the maintenance of the status quo . The complexity of family power is described and spouses' motivation for power is looked at, as well as its possible implications for the distribution of family tasks and the perception of inequalities as fair. The consequences of the traditional family organization for the maintenance of the asymmetry between men and women in society are highlighted and suggestions for future research proposed.     

Marital Adjustment and Irrational Beliefs

The present study was designed to determine which aspects of Ellis' irrational beliefs as well as emotional traits (anxiety, curiosity, anger) differentiate couples attending marriage counseling from couples couple not attending marriage counseling as well as levels of marital satisfaction in couples as measured by the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test. Participants were 61 married couples, 18 of whom were attending marriage counseling and 43 who were not attending marriage counseling. Each partner completed a number of self-report questionnaires containing items measuring irrational /rational beliefs, anger, anxiety and curiosity, and communication skills. Correlational and multiple regression analyses indicate support for Albert Ellis' proposition concerning the importance of individual partner's emotional traits and accompanying irrational beliefs in marital adjustment and dissatisfaction. Self-downing and need for comfort were the dimensions of irrational thinking most strongly related to marital dysfunction. Anger, anxiety but neither curiosity nor communication skills distinguished individuals experiencing or not experiencing marital problems. Implications for relationship counseling are briefly discussed.     

夫妻依恋风格、婚姻归因与婚姻质量的关系

本研究采用主—客体互倚模型(actor-partner interdependence model,APIM)的方法深入探讨夫妻的依恋风格、婚姻归因与自身及配偶感知到的婚姻质量之间的关系。以方便取样的方式在北京地区选取155对夫妻,采用Brennan等(1998)编制的亲密关系经历量表(ECR),Stander编制的婚姻归因量表(MAQ)和Spanier编制的婚姻质量问卷(DAS),要求夫妻双方分别报告其依恋风格、婚姻归因方式和感知到的婚姻质量。通过配对t检验、相关分析和结构方程模型分析发现:(1)夫妻对婚姻质量的总体知觉较为一致,但丈夫的婚姻满意度显著高于妻子;(2)夫妻双方在回避依恋和焦虑依恋两个分量表上不存在显著差异,但在婚姻归因上,妻子比丈夫表现出了更多的消极归因;(3)妻子的消极依恋显著地负向预测自身感知到的婚姻质量,而丈夫的消极依恋对自身感知到的婚姻质量没有显著影响;(4)在控制了丈夫、妻子的依恋风格、归因方式对其自身婚姻质量的主体效应之后,丈夫的依恋风格不能显著预测妻子感受到的婚姻质量,但其归因方式可以显著地预测妻子感受到的婚姻质量;然而妻子的归因方式并不能显著预测丈夫的婚姻质量。     

The Impact of Breast Cancer and Its Treatment on Marital Functioning

This article reviews the research that has examined the impact of breast cancer and its treatment on the patient's marital relationship. Breast cancer and its treatment affect not only the patient, but also her intimate partner and their relationship, including their communication, sexual relationship, and role identities. Both positive and negative effects of the experience have been identified. Predictors of marital adjustment following breast cancer are also reviewed, including demographic factors, illness factors, and characteristics of the couple. The strongest predictor of the impact of the cancer experience appears to be the premorbid quality of the relationship. A methodological critique identifies limitations of past research, and suggestions for future research are addressed. Finally, two theoretical paradigms that may account for the impact of breast cancer on relationships are discussed.     

Associations Between Anxiety and Marital Adjustment

Cognitive-behavioral theories of marital functioning and contextual models of close relationships highlight the importance of proximal affect states such as anxiety in couple functioning. Despite these assertions, research examining the role of state anxiety is lacking in the literature on intimate relationships. In this study, the authors examined state anxiety and marital adjustment in a sample of 45 couples. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that husbands' Time 1 anxiety can predict their own and their wives' subsequent reports of marital adjustment. Wives' Time 1 anxiety did not predict their own or their husbands' subsequent reports of marital adjustment. In this study, the authors focused on the role of husband anxiety in marital adjustment and on implications for further study of the contextual model of close relationships.     

Under the Spell of the Ring

Among orthodox reformed Christians in the Netherlands fierce debates have occurred on moral aspects of Christian life. This essay discusses three major controversial moral issues that are related to conceptions of sex, gender, and sexuality: divorce/remarriage, women’s ordination, and homosexuality. By analysing several contributions to debates on these issues, it proposes and explores a hypothesis that concerns the role of a particular understanding of marriage as characterized by a hermeneutical construct: a communal, deeply rooted and subconscious normative principle that drives our interpretations of texts and practices. This essay illustrates the problems of both the dominance of marriage within Christian communities and lived faith, as well as the modern, romantic aspects of this particular understanding of marriage.     

Marital Status and Health Beliefs: Different Relations for Men and Women

Although relations between marital status and health have been substantiated, the results of relatively few studies suggest how or why marriage is associated with health. To understand how marriage and health are associated, this study was designed to examine the role of health beliefs. Two thousand two hundred and six (2,206) adults who participated in the New Jersey Family Health Survey provided information about their marital status, proactive health beliefs, and proactive health behaviors. Results indicated that being married (vs. single) was positively associated with men's proactive health beliefs, whereas marriage did not appear to influence women's proactive health beliefs positively. Significant relations between participants' reports of proactive health beliefs and proactive health behaviors were found. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding the complex nature of associations between social relationships and health.