L’élargissement de l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP)

The opening of medically assisted procreation (MPA) for single women and couples of women, that is, apart from medical indications of infertility, raises the main question of the eradication of the father and of the paternal branch of the child's descent, which is difficult to reconcile with respect for the rights of the child, who has the right to know and be cared for his parents, as far as possible (International Convention on Human Rights of the child, Article 7 – 1). Moreover, the MPA claim for women appears to be an opportunity to lift the therapeutic lock to generalize access to artificial procreation, including fertile male/female couples, the most numerous being the target the most lucrative in the procreation market contained to date by the therapeutic objective assigned by the law to the MPA.     

Intérêts et limites de l’utilisation d’une méthodologie mixte : à propos d’une recherche en psychologie de la santé

Recently, the health social sciences, like some fields of psychology, have progressively adopted qualitative methods, particularly in English-speaking countries. When they come in addition to quantitative methods, they are called “mixed methodologies”. Among other reasons, these approaches suffer nonetheless of a lack of acknowledgement because of a still topical debate opposing the positivist-objectivist and the constructivist paradigms. Another reason to this lack of acknowledgement is due to the fact that several authors explain the use of a mixed methodology according to pragmatic arguments. The authors of this paper briefly present these debates and their pertinence in health psychology research and try to overcome them by showing that it is possible to make mixed methodologies fall within a constructivist approach. Their proposal is exemplified through a research work about organ donation decision led in Switzerland. Actually, this research embed multiple and complex factors that offer an appropriated ground for the use of a mixed methodology, qualitative and quantitative.     

Les livres de conseils : un moyen de réduire l’incertitude des candidats liée à l’entretien de sélection

The selection interview is a situation full of uncertainty for applicants. Not knowing precisely how they will be evaluated, they will thus try to gather information about interviews, mainly through media such as advice books. These books can participate in reducing applicants’ uncertainty: (1) by materializing the abstract concept that is the interview using metaphors, (2) by providing information about interview formats, and (3) by providing advices to prepare for the interview. This study investigates the presence of these three means in both French and English advice literature. It highlights that all three are used in general, that the last two means are the most frequent ones, and that several differences between the two literatures emerge. Implications for research and organizations are discussed.     

Le travail coopératif d’équipes de projet d’ingénierie à l’épreuve de l’activité en réunion médiatisée et multi-localisée

Performing in worldwide competition compels companies to be innovative and this unyielding global pressure sparks engineering team projects on a far-reaching scale. The synergy of heterogeneous and dispersed skills supposes to overcome the geographical distance between teammates using sophisticated socio-technical devices. Based upon four grounds of empirical research, this article will examine the function of this media coverage technology with a comprehensive sight of phenomena underlying remote interactions between teammates. Face to the reality of their cooperative activity, experiencing multi-localized virtual meetings with synchronous co-presence, are considered the experience, the resources and the constraints introduced by these terms and working conditions.     

Les techniques biomédicales en matière d’assistance médicale à la procréation conçues dans l’objectif de pallier l’infertilité médicale peuvent-elles évoluer de manière à être utilisées pour remédier à l’infertilité sociale ?

Medically assisted procreation includes techniques that may allow infertile couples to procreate. However, the application of 2011 bioethics law reveals lots of paradox and high-risk behaviors which arouse the question of the relevance and advisable aspect of its opening to all women.     

Comment réagir face à une situation de harcèlement à l’école ? Une synthèse de la littérature

Bullying affects a significant number of students and can have serious negative consequences in terms of physical and mental health. It is, therefore, necessary for education staff to know how to respond effectively to stop it. However, this does not always seem to be the case at present. The purpose of this article is to describe six commonly used reactive approach (direct sanctions, restorative practices, reinforcement of the victim, mediation, the support group method, and the shared concerns method), as well as to synthesize the scientific knowledge regarding the effectiveness of each of these approaches. It emerges that no approach appears to be particularly effective in all cases and that it is therefore necessary for professionals to be trained to be able to choose the appropriate approach according to the situation.     

La déférence : une norme sociale complémentaire de l’internalité en contexte de promotion professionnelle ?

Regarding evaluation, numerous researches highlighted the social valuation of the internality. From the end of 1990s, the diversification of the studied situations came to put in perspective the impact of this norm, while revealing the existence of others social norms. The present research was designed to investigate the phenomenon of social valuation of the deference in situation of annual performance review. The social valuation of the power of others was examined by two studies: one led from paradigm of autopresentation with employees and other one, conducted under legislator paradigm with Human Resources specialists (students in their final year of Institutes Business Administration). If the results indicate, in a classic way, important normative effects of the internality, the valuation of the deferential explanations is globally so obvious. These results question about the contextual expression of a norm of deference: employees and RH experts give weight to the power of others. The results show a convergent use of the internality and the power of others.     

Une approche de l’évolution des relations entre conseil (en orientation,en insertion, à l’emploi) et sélection professionnelle

An approach to the evolution of the relations between school and career counselling activities and those of personnel selection during the 20th century in France leads to distinguish between three periods. During the first one, these activities (organised around the notion of aptitudes) were close. The second period was marked by the birth of procedures for selecting and distributing the students within the school organisation: vocational counselling activities grew apart from those in the domains of employment counselling and selection. In the last period (characterized by a high unemployment rate and a growth of very flexible forms of work and employment) these different activities – organised around the notion of competence – came closer. In short, these activities appear to find their meaning only through their reciprocal links, in connection with the kind of work and school organizations where they take place.     

L’évaluation de la perte de chance en responsabilité médicale,une mission à repréciser pour l’Expert

Loss of opportunity, which today is considered as a prejudice in its own right, both for the French Supreme Court and the Council of State, remains undeniably difficult to assess in practice. For many years, the issue of compensation for breach of duty of disclosure gave the various courts the ability to roadtest this concept. However, although the criteria defining this concept, of judicial origin, have been established, the modus operandi allowing the judge to quantify it does not exist. How can this portion of personal injury be determined in relation to the size of the opportunity lost? This is primarily a technical issue, similar to that of assessing a disability rate. However, this request does not feature in typical common law missions for judicial or administrative medical expertise. The judge alone is left to assess this probability, whereas the expert would be in a position, as far as possible, to provide scientific and statistical assistance enabling a better definition of loss of opportunity.     

Faire face à des émotions négatives intenses en protection de l’enfance : un travail émotionnel qui mobilise des processus de régulation de l’anxiété et de la colère avec le soutien de l’équipe

This research aims at a better understanding of one aspect of emotional labor in child welfare: coping with intense negative emotions. It is based on 15 interviews conducted with social workers from Child Protective Services. Results indicate that the drivers of this aspect of emotional labor are characterized by unpredictability and interpersonal conflict. They give rise to surprise, anxiety and especially anger, particularly against institutions. Emotional regulation is carried out implicitly with a professional instrumental purpose. Different strategies are mobilized sequentially: social sharing of emotions and cognitive strategies allow recovery. The team social support during informal times appears central. These results underline the role of the team and plead for the recognition and professionalization of emotional work in this sector.     

Analyse des prélèvements biologiques médico-légaux : quel cadre juridique à l’ère de la qualité?

Medico-legal autopsy sometimes requires the use of the Parasitology-Mycology specialty. Two recent medico-legal clinical cases, involving this specialty, have questioned us. First of all, may a non-conformity biological analytical (compared to accepted and accredited standards by COFRAC) fail the whole biological expertise, and thereafter, the medico-legal expertise of the file? The answer must consider that the raw result obtained as a result of a medical biology technique must be interpreted and discussed by the expert in the discipline (in this case by the parasitologist) before being included in the medical discussion and discussed by the medical examiner. The judgment is secondarily delivered by the judge according to his intimate conviction and without determining the probative value of the examination. Should a post-mortem biological examination be part of an expertise in medical biology or is it a technical and scientific examination? This answer is based on the previous one, considering the significant contribution of the expert who will bring his knowledge, interpreting and discussing the raw result. A simple technical and scientific examination would only provide the raw result without any assessment of the context and circumstances of the biological sample.     

Les groupes de parole de prévention de la récidive en France : observation des effets produits

Recidivism prevention became the core of mission of the probation service in France. Support groups were created in order to bring probationers’ social skills to enhance their reentry into society. This article describes the effects of such groups by evaluation of their effects on 19 probationers divided into 4 groups. Observations show that the effects are different according to the apprehension of subject, mission and which pedagogy is employed. Different process produced different effects onto probationers.     

La responsabilité médicale des accidents de la circoncision en Tunisie : à propos de trois affaires judiciaires

Circumcision is the most frequently performed surgical procedure worldwide, mainly as part of religious rituals. It may lead to serious complications. Although there is no specific law relative to circumcision accidents in Tunisia, the occurrence of complications of this act is likely to engage the penal, civil and disciplinary liability of the doctor. Prevention involves respecting the principles of the Medical Deontology Code, raising awareness about the need to practice circumcision in a medical environment and the promulgation of specific legislation regulating this act. The new Tunisian law on medical liability seems to offer a solution to solve the legal complaints concerning circumcision accidents by providing more opportunities for amicable settlement and at the same time guaranteeing adequate and rapid compensation of the prejudice. In this article, we discuss the medical liability of circumcision accidents through three medicolegal cases carried out at the Department of Legal Medicine of Ibn El Jazzar University Hospital, Kairouan, Tunisia.