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1.
Mu-Li Yang Chao-Chin Yang Wen-Bin Chiou 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(2):144-154
To date, relatively few studies have begun to explore adolescents’ sexual self-disclosure in cyberspace. Rare research has
taken a close look at differences in adolescents’ sexual self-disclosure occurring in real life and cyberspace. The social
penetration model suggests that an individual’s level of sexual disclosure should be in accordance with relationship intimacy
in real life. The current study investigated whether the effects of relationship intimacy on adolescents’ willingness to disclose
sexual history differ in terms of sex and communication environment (real life vs. cyberspace). A total of 419 Taiwanese adolescents
completed a survey about their willingness to communicate on different sexual topics in the contexts of varying levels of
relationship intimacy. The results showed that in real life both male and female adolescents showed a parallel relationship
between willingness to engage in sexual disclosure and relationship intimacy, supporting predictions according to the social
penetration model. However, in cyberspace, male adolescents exhibited a greater willingness to communicate, regardless of
degree of relationship intimacy, whereas females revealed a U-shape trend regarding the effect of relationship intimacy on
willingness to communicate. These findings indicate that sexual disclosure on the part of adolescents in cyberspace departs
from the perspective of the social penetration model. 相似文献
2.
This study examines the relationships between six spirituality-related attributes and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents,
and the extent to which these relationships are mediated by perceived physical and mental health status and five important
life domains (family, friends, living environment, school experiences, and perception of self). The data were obtained via
a cross-sectional health survey of 8,225 adolescents in British Columbia, Canada. Structural equation modeling was used to
test the hypothesized relationships. All spiritual attributes are significantly associated with three or more of the life
domains, and four of the attributes significantly explain global QOL after controlling for the other variables in the multivariate
model. The attributes indicative of adolescents’ feelings about their future and other existential matters were found to be
relatively most explanatory with respect to global QOL. The predominant mediators include adolescents’ satisfaction with their
family, their perceived self, and their perceived mental health status. Spirituality is important with respect to adolescents’
QOL. The multivariate model provides preliminary insights into the relevance of several attributes of spirituality and the
possible mechanisms by which these attributes may contribute to adolescents’ QOL. 相似文献
3.
We used a national database (Educational Longitudinal Study) to investigate the effects of parent’s gender, child’s gender,
and parental involvement in school on the academic achievement of adolescents in single-parent families. A three way 2 × 2 × 2
(parent’s gender × child’s gender × parental involvement) MANCOVA was conducted with four student academic achievement indicators
as dependent variables and SES as a covariate. The results indicated that parent gender and child gender interact with parent
involvement to affect adolescents’ academic achievement differentially. Specifically, daughters who lived with highly involved
single-fathers performed better academically than the other groups did. These findings suggest that researchers who study
single-parents’ involvement in their adolescents’ academic achievement need to pay more attention to gender-specific effects. 相似文献
4.
Laird RD Criss MM Pettit GS Dodge KA Bates JE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(3):299-310
Developmental trajectories of parents’ knowledge of their adolescents’ whereabouts and activities were tested as moderators
of transactional associations between friends’ antisociality and adolescent delinquent behavior. 504 adolescents (50% female)
provided annual reports (from ages 12 to 16) of their parents’ knowledge and (from ages 13 to 16) their own delinquent behavior
and their friends’ antisociality. Parents also reported the adolescents’ delinquent behavior. Growth mixture modeling was
used to identify two sub-groups based on their monitoring knowledge growth trajectories. Adolescents in the sub-group characterized
by decreasing levels of parents’ knowledge reported more delinquent behavior and more friend antisociality in early adolescence,
and reported greater increases in delinquent behavior and friend antisociality from early to middle adolescence compared to
adolescents in the sub-group characterized by increasing levels of parents’ knowledge. Transactional associations consistent
with social influence and social selection processes also were suppressed in the increasing knowledge sub-group as compared
to the decreasing knowledge sub-group.
Findings of this study were presented at the 2005 biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development. 相似文献
5.
Alexandra Loukas 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(8):1113-1122
The present study examined a) the associations between adolescent-reported maternal psychological control and self-reported
internalizing problems one year later, while simultaneously examining the opposite direction of effects and b) the equivalence
of these associations across gender. Participants were 479 10-to-14-year old adolescents (55% female) participating in two
waves of a study. Results from multi-group, cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that although early adolescents’ depressive
symptoms and social anxiety predicted change in perceived maternal psychological control one year later, perceived maternal
psychological control did not predict change in early adolescents’ internalizing problems. Elevated levels of depressive symptoms
were associated with increased levels of perceived maternal psychological control one year later, whereas elevated levels
of social anxiety were associated with decreased levels. Aforementioned findings were consistent across boys’ and girls’ data.
Study findings extend limited research on adolescent effects, demonstrating that early adolescents’ internalizing problems
play a role in perceived maternal psychological control. 相似文献
6.
Positive and Negative Affect in Parents and Adolescents: Gender and Assessment Method Considerations
This study examined adolescents’ self-reports and parents’ reports of adolescents’ positive and negative affect toward their
parents, as well as mothers’ and fathers’ self-reports of positive and negative affect toward their adolescents. Based on
behavioral observations, adolescent–parent interactions were examined to determine the relation between adolescent–parent
behavior, adolescents’ perceptions of parental affect, and parents’ perceptions of adolescent affect. Gender of adolescents,
gender of parents, and adolescent gender by parent gender interaction effects were studied as was adolescents’ age. Findings
suggest that parent gender (i.e., mothers and fathers) and adolescent gender (i.e., boys and girls) are important considerations
when studying affect in parent–adolescent relationships. Age-related differences were not evident. Results are discussed with
an eye toward improving the assessment of parent–adolescent affect by using multiple methods of assessment such as direct
behavioral observations and multiple informants on questionnaire measures. 相似文献
7.
David G. White Keith C. Phillips Brian R. Clifford Marie M. Davies Joseph R. Elliott Marian K. Pitts 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1989,8(2):130-143
The knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among American adolescents aged 16 to 19 has been assessed on several occasions, showing
that in recent years their knowledge base has improved. The knowledge bases of British adolescents and of adolescents younger
than 16 have been largely ignored. In attempting to assess the likely impact on present or future behaviors of increasing
adolescents’ knowledge base about AIDS it is important to also know something of adolescents’ attitudes to intimate relationships
and to sex within those relationships. Previous studies have not linked these two aspects. In this study two hundred London
schoolchildren aged 14 and 15 years completed a questionnaire tapping both their knowledge about HIV infection and its transmission
and their attitudes to intimate relationships. Their answers revealed that they had absorbed the simple media messages about
AIDS, that it kills and that use of a condom during sex offers protection. However they were less well informed on detailed
aspects of prevention, although, worryingly, they believed that they knew all that they needed to about preventive measures.
The majority had attitudes to intimate relationships that were compatible with the message of restricting their number of
sexual partners; however, a significant minority did not. The latter were more likely to deny the risk associated with promiscuity.
It is suggested that school-based AIDS education programs should help individuals to develop new attitudes to intimate relationships
that are compatible with risk avoidance. 相似文献
8.
We explored mothers’ and fathers’ time spent with their adolescents and found that mothers reported spending more time with
their adolescents than did fathers. Developmental patterns were found for some aspects of time involvement, with both mothers
and fathers reporting higher involvement with younger adolescents. Ratings of time-spent were not associated with adolescents’
self-reported emotional/behavioral problems. Both mothers and fathers agreed that mothers had more responsibility for adolescents’
discipline, daily care, and recreational activities. Mothers and fathers reported comparable levels of satisfaction with this
arrangement. Mothers, and to a lesser extent fathers, reported greater satisfaction with the division of labor when fathers
showed higher levels of responsibility for adolescents’ activities. Satisfaction with the division of labor was inversely
related to interparental conflict. Few differences were found based on adolescent gender for any of these variables. Results
are discussed within the context of mother–child and father–child relationships and family functioning. 相似文献
9.
Given the ramifications of difficulties related to externalizing behavior problems, the present study examined the relationships
among adolescents’ externalizing behavior problems, characteristics of adolescents’ families, their perceived neighborhood
support, and their acculturation. As part of this study, a culturally diverse sample of adolescents who were in the Sixth
through Eighth Grades completed measures assessing these variables. Results suggested that variables such as maternal warmth,
overall parental emotional support, and overall neighborhood support are important predictors of externalizing behavior problems.
Further regression analyses revealed that, in addition to adolescents’ perceived social acceptance and global self-worth,
parental and neighborhood characteristics are significant predictors of adolescents’ externalizing behavior problems. These
findings suggested that, when identifying adolescents who are at risk for the development of externalizing behavior problems,
an ecological conceptualization encompassing culture, community, and home characteristics can be helpful. 相似文献
10.
David G. White Keith C. Phillips Brian R. Clifford Marie M. Davies Joseph R. Elliott Marian K. Pitts 《Current Psychology》1989,8(2):130-143
The knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among American adolescents aged 16 to 19 has been assessed on several occasions, showing
that in recent years their knowledge base has improved. The knowledge bases of British adolescents and of adolescents younger
than 16 have been largely ignored. In attempting to assess the likely impact on present or future behaviors of increasing
adolescents’ knowledge base about AIDS it is important to also know something of adolescents’ attitudes to intimate relationships
and to sex within those relationships. Previous studies have not linked these two aspects. In this study two hundred London
schoolchildren aged 14 and 15 years completed a questionnaire tapping both their knowledge about HIV infection and its transmission
and their attitudes to intimate relationships. Their answers revealed that they had absorbed the simple media messages about
AIDS, that it kills and that use of a condom during sex offers protection. However they were less well informed on detailed
aspects of prevention, although, worryingly, they believed that they knew all that they needed to about preventive measures.
The majority had attitudes to intimate relationships that were compatible with the message of restricting their number of
sexual partners; however, a significant minority did not. The latter were more likely to deny the risk associated with promiscuity.
It is suggested that school-based AIDS education programs should help individuals to develop new attitudes to intimate relationships
that are compatible with risk avoidance. 相似文献
11.
Mitchell J. Prinstein Nicole Heilbron John D. Guerry Joseph C. Franklin Diana Rancourt Valerie Simon Anthony Spirito 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):669-682
Research suggests that adolescents’ engagement in nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors may be increasing over time,
yet little is known regarding distal longitudinal factors that may promote engagement in these behaviors. Data from two longitudinal
studies are presented to examine whether NSSI may be associated with peer influence processes. Study 1 included 377 adolescents
from a community-based sample; Study 2 included 140 clinically-referred adolescents recruited from a psychiatric inpatient
facility. In Study 1, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline and one year later. Adolescents’ nominated best friend reported
their own levels of NSSI. In Study 2, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline as well as 9 and 18-months post-baseline.
Adolescents’ perceptions of their friends’ engagement in self-injurious behavior (including suicidality) and depressed mood
also were examined at all three time points. Baseline depressive symptoms were measured in both studies; gender and age were
examined as moderators of peer influence effects. Results from both studies supported longitudinal peer socialization effects
of friends’ self-injurious behavior on adolescents’ own NSSI for girls, but not for boys, even after controlling for depressive
symptoms as a predictor. Study 1 suggested socialization effects mostly for younger youth. Results from Study 2 also suggested
longitudinal socialization effects, as well as peer selection effects; adolescents’ NSSI was associated with increasing perceptions
of their friends’ engagement in depressive/self-injurious thoughts and behavior. Findings contribute to the nascent literature
on longitudinal predictors of NSSI and to work on peer influence. 相似文献
12.
Marwan Dwairy 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(1):30-35
Parental factors such as control, rejection, and inconsistency have been reported as associated with psychological maladjustment.
The papers in this Special Section are based on a multi-national study examining the association between these parental factors
and adolescents’ psychological disorders in nine western and eastern countries, differing in family connectedness. Questionnaires
assessing these factors were administered to 2,884 male and female adolescents. In this paper we discuss the parental factors
and describe the methodology. We hypothesize that parental factors, family connectedness, and the association between these
factors and adolescents’ mental health differ across cultures. In the papers that follow, we present the results and discuss
their implications. 相似文献
13.
Albert Kienfie Liau Angeline Khoo Peng Hwa Ang 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(4):217-233
This study focused on four aspects of parental monitoring of Internet use by their children: parental supervision, communication
and tracking, and adolescent disclosure. Data were obtained from a SAFT (Safety Awareness for Teens Project) national survey
of Singapore youths and parents regarding Internet safety at home. Study 1 examined 1,124 adolescents and 1,002 parents; Study
2 examined a subsample of 169 dyads of adolescents and their parents. Frequency of use and engagement in risky Internet behaviors
such as visiting inappropriate websites were analysed. The results indicated that parents tend to underestimate adolescents’
engagement in risky Internet behaviors and overestimate the amount of parental monitoring regarding Internet safety that occurs
at home. The study suggested that mothers have a better awareness of their adolescents’ Internet use than fathers. The findings
were explained in the context of parental monitoring. The results suggest that parental monitoring needs to be reconceptualized
and that parents need to improve the communication with their adolescents regarding Internet use. 相似文献
14.
Noorfarah Merali Claudio Violato 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2002,3(1):65-81
This research examined relationships between parental age, education, family size, length of residence in Canada, dyad type (same-sex parent-adolescent dyad versus opposite-sex parent-adolescent dyad) and immigrant parents’ perceptions of assimilative behaviours that adolescents are likely to display as a result of their involvement in the Canadian school system. An ethnically mixed sample of 36 parents and their adolescents responded to a questionnaire that solicited ratings of the degree of acceptability of prototypical assimilative adolescent behaviours. Analysis of Variance indicated that the match or mismatch between the sex of the parent and adolescent did not affect behavior ratings. Multiple Regression Analyses revealed that parental education was the only variable that significantly predicted parental approval or disapproval of adolescents’ behavioral shifts towards Western norms. 相似文献
15.
Benjamin J. Houltberg Carolyn S. Henry Michael J. Merten Linda C. Robinson 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(1):111-119
Using a sample of 248 ninth and tenth grade students at public high schools, we examined adolescents’ perceptions of family
connectedness, intrinsic religiosity, and adolescents’ gender in relation to depressed mood and whether intrinsic religiosity
and gender moderated the association of aspects of family connectedness to adolescent depressed mood. Using hierarchical multiple
regression analyses we tested models separately for three forms of family connectedness (overall family cohesion, mothers’
support, and fathers’ support), intrinsic religiosity, and depressed mood. In each model, family connectedness was negatively
associated with depressed mood. Intrinsic religiosity was not significantly associated with depressed mood. However, in the
mothers’ support model, both a two-way interaction (mothers’ support × intrinsic religiosity) and a three-way interaction
(adolescents’ gender × mothers’ support × intrinsic religiosity) were significantly related to depressed mood. In the two-way
interaction, higher intrinsic religiosity was a moderator, strengthening the association between mothers’ support and depressed
mood. In the three-way interaction, gender differences were found. For boys, high intrinsic religiosity strengthened the association
between mothers’ support and depressed mood. Among girls, when mothers’ support was low, intrinsic religiosity provided an
additional source of connectedness in protecting against depressed mood. Our findings show that connectedness in overall family
systems, mother–adolescent subsystems, and father–adolescent subsystems are all important to emotional resilience in adolescents
by protecting against depressed mood. Future studies of adolescent religiosity may benefit from including diverse forms of
family connectedness in understanding the protective processes provided by aspects of religiosity in promoting adolescents’
emotional resilience. 相似文献
16.
Authoritarian Parenting Style in Asian Societies: A Cluster-
Analytic Investigation* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
While the beneficial effects of authoritative parenting style have consistently been demonstrated for Caucasian samples, these
effects have not always been found for Asians. It appears that adolescents who perceived their parents’ style of parenting
as authoritarian are not one homogeneous group. Cluster analyses performed for adolescents’ perceived mothers’ and fathers’
authoritarian parenting style using adolescents’ self-report scores on personal adjustment and social variables as the clustering
variables found similar two-cluster solutions (maladjusted and well-adjusted). External validation evidence revealed that
adolescents in the maladjusted cluster had poorer attitudes towards school and teachers compared to adolescents in the well-adjusted
cluster for both samples. These findings suggest that authoritarian parenting style could possibly have a different cultural
meaning for Asians.
*The authors would like to thank staff from Tampines Family Service Center for their assistance with data collection. The schools,
adolescents and principals who participated in this project are also gratefully acknowledged and thanked. This research is
supported by the Voluntary Welfare Organization Capability Fund grant from the National Council of Social Service, Singapore. 相似文献
17.
The role of deviant peers in adolescent antisocial behavior has been well documented, but less is known about individual differences
in susceptibility to negative peer influence. This study examined whether specific temperament dimensions moderate the prospective
relationship between peer deviance and delinquent behavior in early adolescence. Participants included 704 adolescents recruited
from the community. At baseline, parents provided information on adolescents’ temperament and youth reported on their own
and their friends’ delinquent behavior. Self-reports of adolescents’ delinquent behavior were collected again 16 months later.
Peer deviance was related to delinquent behavior over time more strongly for adolescents with low levels of task orientation,
flexibility, and positive mood, compared to youth with high levels of task orientation, flexibility, and positive mood. Analyses
of gender differences indicated that low flexibility increased susceptibility to negative peer influence only for males, but
not females. General activity level and sleep rhythmicity did not moderate the effect of peer behavior on delinquency. 相似文献
18.
Elizabeth Mazur 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):517-537
This study merged stress-and-coping research with the social model of disability to describe the most frequently experienced
disability-related events experienced by 19 parents with acquired physical disabilities and their adolescent children, and
examined the relations between these events, severity of disability, and psychological adjustment. Parents and adolescents
reported many more positive than negative disability-related events, although parents reported significantly more negative
events than did their children. Frequency of parents’ experienced negative disability-related events correlated significantly
with self-reported anxiety, depression, and weaker feelings of parental self-efficacy, with their reports of adolescents’
internalizing and externalizing problems, and with adolescents’ self-reports of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem.
Frequency of adolescents’ negative disability-related events correlated significantly with self-reported depression and lower
self-esteem, and approached significance with self-reported anxiety. There were no significant associations between parents’
positive events and self-reported or adolescent adjustment. Total frequency of adolescents’ positive events correlated significantly
with less parent-reported anxiety. There were several significant associations between parental rating of severity of disability
and number of physical limitations with their and their children’s adjustment. Implications for understanding the daily effects
of parental physical disability on parents and their adolescent children are discussed, and recommendations are suggested
for prevention interventions. 相似文献
19.
Iselin AM Mulvey EP Loughran TA Chung HL Schubert CA 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(2):237-249
We examined antisocial adolescents’ perceptions of the importance of and their ability to accomplish positive life outcomes
(e.g., employment) and avoid negative ones (e.g., arrests) during their transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants
were 1,354 adolescents from the Pathways to Desistance project, a multisite longitudinal study of seriously antisocial adolescents.
Participants’ perceptions of the importance and likelihood of accomplishing positive adult goals at one age uniquely predicted
how often they engaged in behaviors that were consistent with these goals the following year. Our findings suggest that among
serious adolescent offenders aspirations to achieve positive goals are related to engaging in behaviors that bring adolescents’
current selves more in line with their aspired-to future selves. We discuss the implications of these findings for prevention
and intervention efforts. 相似文献
20.
This study was designed to investigate whether adolescents’ exposure to a sexualized media environment is associated with
stronger beliefs that women are sex objects. More specifically, we studied whether the association between notions of women
as sex objects and exposure to sexual content of varied explicitness (i.e., sexually non-explicit, semi-explicit, or explicit)
and in different formats (i.e., visual and audio-visual) can be better described as cumulative or as hierarchical. Further,
we investigated whether this association was contingent on gender. Based on data from an on-line survey of 745 Dutch adolescents
aged 13 to 18, we found that the relationship between exposure to a sexualized media environment and notions of women as sex
objects followed a hierarchical pattern: Starting with adolescents’ exposure to sexually semi-explicit content, the statistical
significance of the relationship with notions of women as sex objects moved from semi-explicit to explicit sexual content
and from visual to audio-visual formats. Exposure to sexually explicit material in on-line movies was the only exposure measure
significantly related to beliefs that women are sex objects in the final regression model, in which exposure to other forms
of sexual content was controlled. The relationship between exposure to a sexualized media environment and notions of women
as sex objects did not differ for girls and boys. 相似文献