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扣带皮层的生理心理机能 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
扣带皮层是边缘系统(1imbic system)的主要部分,在经典Papez环路中,它作为关键神经部位而参与情绪活动,然而关于其机能的这种传统观点如今被临床与实验研究证明是过于简单化了。神经生理学与神经心理学诸多研究表明,扣带皮层具有多方面的生理心理机能,不仅与情绪有关,而且涉及感知觉、运动、注意、记忆以及其它高级认知过程。扣带皮层的机能到底有多复杂?近年来越来越多的新研究尤其是脑机能成像研究正不断予以揭示,一些重要结果在 《Science》、《Nature》以及其它一些主要神经科学研究学刊上发表,已逐渐成为一个研究焦点。 相似文献
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The question addressed in the present study was whether subjects (N = 24) can use visual information about their hand, in the first half of an aiming movement, to ensure optimal directional accuracy of their aiming movements. Four groups of subjects practiced an aiming task in either a complete vision condition, a no-vision condition, or in a condition in which their hand was visible for the first half [initial vision condition (IV)] or the second half of the movement [final vision condition (FV)]. Following 240 trials of acquisition, all subjects were submitted to a transfer test that consisted of 40 trials performed in a no-vision condition. The results indicated that seeing the hand early in movement did not help subjects to optimize either directional or amplitude accuracy. On the other hand, when subjects viewed their hand closer to the target, movements resulted that were as accurate as those performed under a complete vision condition. In transfer, withdrawing vision did not cause any increase in aiming error for the IV or the no-vision conditions. These results replicated those of Carlton (1981) and extended those of Bard and colleagues (Bard, Hay, & Fleury, 1985) in that they indicated that the kinetic visual channel hypothesized by Paillard (1980; Paillard & Amblard, 1985) appeared to be inoperative beyond 40deg of visual angle. 相似文献
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《Visual cognition》2013,21(1):43-54
We studied the effect of body tilt on the orientation selectivity of single neurons in the visual cortex of an alert monkey. The monkey performed a visual fixation task either in the upright position or with its whole body tilted about the naso-occipital (roll) axis by ±25° or ±30°. We determined the preferred stimulus orientation for 51 of 117 neurons in two or, if possible, three body positions (i.e. with the whole body upright, and tilted either left ear or right ear down). In striate cortex, most of the neurons were of a non-compensatory type, showing a change in the preferred orientation according to the body tilt and the estimated counterrolling of the eye. By contrast, about 40% of the neurons in prestriate cortex were of a compensatory type, preferring similar orientations in all body positions. This suggests that mechanisms which produce orientation constancy with respect to the direction of gravity are implemented at an early stage of cortical processing. 相似文献
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Michael O'Sullivan 《Philosophical Investigations》2015,38(4):316-332
Bertrand Russell developed a conception of the nature of the visual field, and of other sensory fields, as part of his project of explaining the construction of the external world. Wittgenstein's remarks on the visual field in the Tractatus are in part a response to Russell. Wittgenstein, against Russell, analyses the visual field in terms of facts rather than objects. Further, his conception of the field is, in a distinctive sense, depsychologised. 相似文献
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以某城市小学三至五年级的学生为研究对象,筛选出发展性阅读障碍和同年龄对照组两组儿童,采用不同视角的刺激探测任务初步探查了汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的不同视野注意能力及特点。研究使用圆点、数字和汉字三种刺激类型并设置了3°,12°,17°三种视角条件。结果发现,在数字和汉字条件下,汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童对刺激探测的反应时显著长于同年龄对照组儿童,说明在加工复杂刺激时,汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童可能存在知觉加工迟缓的缺陷。但是,汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童并没有表现出扩散的视觉空间注意模式,即更多地注意外侧视野的信息。汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的视觉空间注意模式与正常儿童相似,表现为随着视角的增加,正确率降低,反应时延长。 相似文献
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Robert T. Ross 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(1):111-122
An investigation was performed, with the use of 60 male and female college students, to quantify the Chevreul pendulum illusory effect, the tendency of a small pendulum, when suspended from the hand and imaginatively concentrated upon, to oscillate seemingly of its own accord. By means of a time exposure photographic measurement technique, strong parametric influences of the pendulum's sinusoidal motion were isolated. It was found that the pendulum effect was enhanced when (a) attentional capacity remained undivided, (b) the amount of musculature used to suspend the pendulum was at a maximum, (c) oscillating visual and auditory external stimuli were present, and (d) females were Ss. In addition, the visual stimulus was found to be superior to its auditory counterpart. The relevance of ideomotor and visual capture interpretations of covert muscle processes in the pendulum illusion was discussed. 相似文献
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3 groups of 12 Ss performed an index finger letter-writing task with visual information but without kinesthetic cues (+V?K), followed immediately by repeating the same letters without vision (?V?K). All groups performed 6 test trials of + V?K, then ?V?K writing. Group 1 had no experience with the task prior to the test trials, Group 2 practiced the letters without vision with kinesthetic cues (?V+K), while Group 3 had visual and kinesthetic practice (+V+K). Visual cues efficiently guided performance in the absence of kinesthesis, and visual memory traces had a marked reinforcing effect. Further, learned reliance on kinesthetic cues was present even in +V?K performance, but reliance on visual cues did not develop. 相似文献
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Giovanni Bruno Vicario 《Axiomathes》2003,13(3-4):399-432
The concept of simultaneous masking in visual field is discussed, in the light of classical examples, of the various kinds of the phenomenon, of a modal completion, of the figure/ground phenomenon, of ambiguous and reversible figures, of mimicry and camouflage and eventually of the complexity of the stimulus. There is some reference to masking in auditory field. The “reality” of the masked configuration is discussed, drawing the conclusion that it is perceptually unreal. The fact that the masking phenomenon cannot take place without comparison between two perceptual acts – what we see at one moment and what we see a moment after LATER – and the fact that the masked configuration pops out with some surprise, lead to the conclusion that simultaneous masking in visual field is not a bare perceptual phenomenon, but a psychological process not unlike insight 相似文献
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1 前言 早有实验证明视觉反应存在视野差异。Poffenberger( 192 1)指出光刺激落在离中央凹 45°处的视觉反应时大约比落在中央凹处增加 18~ 2 6ms ;Kobrick( 196 5 )对 16名受试者研究后发现在 38°以内的闪光刺激引起的反应时变化很小 ,38°以外反应时才逐渐延长 ,6 4°以外明显延长。有关 30°以内视野中视觉反应差异的研究则未见报道 ,这很可能受当时实验手段的限制。随着电脑技术的发展 ,为描述视觉反应的视野分布和分析视觉反应时的差异提供了有效的手段。本实验运用自编程序测试不同人群的视觉反应时 ,以期… 相似文献
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Reflexive Attention Modulates Processing of Visual Stimuli in Human Extrastriate Cortex 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Attention can be oriented reflexively to a location in space by an abrupt change in the visual scene. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of reflexive attention on the neural processing of visual stimuli. The findings show that reflexively oriented attention produces modulations in early sensory analysis at the same extrastriate neural locus as the earliest effects of voluntarily focused attention. In addition, stimulus processing was found to be enhanced at later stages of analysis, which reflect stimulus relevance. As is the case with behavioral measures of reflexive attention, these physiological enhancement effects are rapidly engaged but short-lived. As time passes between the initial attention-capturing event and subsequent stimuli, the extrastriate effect reverses, and the enhancement of higher order processing subsides. These findings indicate that reflexive attention is able to affect perceptions of the visual world by modulating neural processing as early as extrastriate visual cortex. 相似文献
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视野位置及刺激特征对目标搜索影响的眼动研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在视觉搜索中,注意受多种因素的影响。本研究控制了刺激呈现的3种视野位置,旨在研究在不同视野位置上,各种因素发挥作用的情况。要求被试在4个项目中搜索某一特定的靶子,记录了反应时和多种眼动指标。结果发现,在不同的视野位置上,视觉搜索过程受目标状态和刺激特征的影响程度发生了变化。并且对形状和颜色特征的加工存在时间和加工位置上的差异。 相似文献