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The role of religion and spirituality in young people’s lives is diverse and multifaceted. Little research has examined how religion shapes the experiences of socially marginalized groups, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) homeless young adults. This study illustrates how Midwestern LGBTQ homeless young people interpret the role of religion and spirituality in their lives. Drawing from a sample of 22 LGBTQ homeless young people between the ages of 19 and 26 years, we qualitatively explore how they distinctively frame religion, spirituality and religious identity through an intersectional lens of their life experiences. Our findings demonstrate the complex ways that young adults from multiple marginalized social groups can interpret religion in the unique context of their social environments. Many young people highlighted the positive impact of religion and spirituality in their lives by constructing them as sources of resilience. Other LGBTQ young adults also discussed how religion was often a source of stigma that interacted with participants’ highly vulnerable social environments and backgrounds. Implications for service providers and policy improvements are discussed. 相似文献
2.
分配注意对短时记忆编码和提取的影响研究概况 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
0 引言 注意与记忆一直是认知心理学中非常活跃的两个研究领域 ,然而 ,将注意与记忆结合起来进行研究 ,则是近年来才颇受重视的一种研究方法和趋势。早在一百多年前 ,WilliamJames就曾指出 ,一个客体一旦被注意便会保持在记忆中 ,而一个未被注意的客体则不会在记忆中留下任何痕迹。受James观点影响 ,早期的研究者曾对非注意刺激有无记忆进行了考察 ,后来的大多数研究者则关注着注意水平的下降或分配注意 (DA ,dividedattention)对记忆编码和提取过程的影响。他们采用的典型实验方法是双作业范式 ,即… 相似文献
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Michael P. Carey Kate B. Carey C. L. M. Carnrike Andrew W. Meisler 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(4):391-395
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between learned resourcefulness and two common addictive behaviors, namely, drinking and smoking. Male and female college students (N = 175) completed the Self-Control Schedule (SCS), the Quantity-Frequency-Variability questionnaire, and a smoking history form. Learned resourcefulness was related to self-reported patterns of alcohol consumption; specifically, heavy drinking subjects were lower in learned resourcefulness than were light and moderate drinkers who, in turn, were lower in learned resourcefulness than were infrequent drinkers and abstainers. Learned resourcefulness was only modestly related to smoking, with students who had never smoked evidencing somewhat higher learned resourcefulness than ex-smokers and current smokers. Overall, these data provide correlational support for the notion that learned resourcefulness may protect young adults against substance abuse. 相似文献
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Lauren E. Popham Shelia M. Kennison Kristopher I. Bradley 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2011,30(2):184-193
The research investigated the relationships among ageism, sensation-seeking, and risk-taking in young adults. Recent research
has shown that young adults reporting higher levels of ageist attitudes and ageist behaviors also report higher levels of
risk-taking in daily life than those with less ageist attitudes and behaviors (Popham et al. in press). The results are consistent
with terror management theory; young adults may attempt to buffer their death anxiety by seeking out experiences that make
them feel strong and invulnerable (i.e., taking risks). In contrast, prior research has shown that there is a link between
risk-taking and sensation-seeking and that individuals may be biologically predisposed to be high sensation-seekers (Zuckerman
Behavioural and Brain Sciences 7:413–471, 1984; Neuropsychobiology 13:121–128, 1985). In a study with 475 undergraduates, we investigated the relationships among ageism, sensation-seeing, and risk-taking behavior.
The results showed that ageist behavior and two dimensions of sensation-seeking (i.e., Disinhibition and Experience Seeking)
were significant predictors of risk-taking. Implications for practical approaches to reduce risk-taking in young adults are
discussed. 相似文献
5.
前瞻记忆提取的自动加工、策略加工和控制加工 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
引入“准意识”来描述一种不能通达意识但又需要注意资源的状态,基于意识性的控制加工、准意识性的策略加工和无意识性的自动加工提出了前瞻记忆提取的三加工自动激活模型。 相似文献
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编码与提取是记忆的两个重要加工阶段, 虽然多数研究认为记忆的编码与提取过程是重叠的, 但也有一些研究结果证实了二者之间存在着差异性。这些研究主要从行为和神经成像两方面探讨编码与提取的非对称性关系, 并通过双加工模型及记忆两阶段神经生理学模型加以解释。综合以往研究, 编码与提取加工之间可能存在着多重复杂的关系。 相似文献
8.
实验采用两种编码方式和测验类型考查了编码与提取方式的一致性对生成效应的影响。结果显示:(1)在进行字形加工的知觉辨认测验中,生成过程主要依据字形编码的形近字出现了生成效应;主要依据字义编码的反义字没有出现此效应。(2)在依赖字义提取的自由回忆中,形近字和反义字都出现了生成效应。因而编码与提取方式的一致性可能对生成效应有影响。 相似文献
9.
Rejection sensitivity (RS) has significant negative impacts on individuals' social cognitions, feelings, and interpersonal behaviors. The present research assessed the hypothesis that the effect of RS on young adults' loneliness is mediated by their tendency to withdraw from social contact so as to avoid possible rejection. Participants completed measures of their RS, their tendencies to engage in social withdrawal to avoid rejection, and their loneliness; as well as measures of their social avoidance and distress, self‐esteem, and social self‐efficacy. Results confirmed the main hypothesis and also indicated that RS is positively related to social avoidance and distress, and negatively related to self‐esteem and social self‐efficacy. Implications of the findings for understanding and counteracting RS are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Journal of Religion and Health - This study examined the mediating effects of psychological strain (Strain Theory) as a possible explanation for the relationship between religiosity and suicidality... 相似文献
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Fanny Gyberg Ann Frisén 《Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research》2017,17(4):239-252
The aim of this study was to investigate identity status globally and across identity domains among young Swedish adult women and men. Also, potential differences in social comparison among identity statuses were evaluated. The results showed that most of the 124 participants (50% women, Mage 33.29 years) were assigned to an achieved global identity and had made identity-defining commitments across domains. Gender differences in identity status were found in the occupational and parenthood domains. In addition, differences in social comparison orientation were found only in the parenthood domain, whereas those assigned to moratorium scored higher in social comparison than did those assigned to foreclosure and diffusion. These results bring important knowledge to our understanding of identity during young adulthood. 相似文献
13.
It is commonly recognized that interpersonal messages function in the service of multiple social goals. Despite this, relatively little is known of the encoding processes underlying the production of such messages. One possible account of these encoding processes is found in action assembly theory. This article explicates the production of multiple-goal messages from the perspective of action assembly theory and reports an experimental investigation of this account. In this study, the speech of participants assigned the task of pursuing multiple social goals was contrasted with that of people assigned a single task. Consistent with the theory, the results revealed that participants pursuing multiple goals had longer onset latencies than their counterparts given a single goal. Similarly, multiple goals were associated with greater pause/phonation ratios after the onset of speech. The effects of opportunity for advance message preparation were also examined. As expected, participants given the opportunity for advance planning exhibited shorter response latencies than those who spoke spontaneously. In keeping with previous research in this area, filled-pause rate was not significantly affected by either number of goals or the opportunity for advance preparation. 相似文献
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Richard M. Ryckman Bart van den Borne Bill Thornton Joel A. Gold 《Journal of applied social psychology》2005,35(11):2421-2435
This research identifies major personal values among American university students that predict organ-donation registration with the Department of Motor Vehicles. Participants responded to a factual test of their knowledge about organ donation, indicated whether or not they had registered as posthumous donors, and filled out a personality inventory measuring their personal values (Schwartz, 1992, 1994). The data indicated a high level of factual knowledge about organ donation; and the greater the level of knowledge, the more likely participants were registered to donate their organs. Also, participants higher in benevolence, universalism, achievement, and stimulation were more likely to have registered to donate their organs. The results are discussed in terms of the need to develop more effective health-communication campaigns by using specific health-education messages tailored to students majoring in different disciplines or to people in various occupations as a means of increasing their willingness to donate. 相似文献
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We examined whether variations in contextual diversity, spacing, and retrieval practice influenced how well adults learned new words from reading experience. Eye movements were recorded as adults read novel words embedded in sentences. In the learning phase, unfamiliar words were presented either in the same sentence repeated four times (same context) or in four different sentences (diverse context). Spacing was manipulated by presenting the sentences under distributed or non‐distributed practice. After learning, half of the participants were asked to retrieve the new words, and half had an extra exposure to the new words. Although words experienced in diverse contexts were acquired more slowly during learning, they enjoyed a greater benefit of learning at immediate posttest. Distributed practice also slowed learning, but no benefit was observed at posttest. Although participants who had an extra exposure showed the greatest learning benefit overall, learning also benefited from retrieval opportunity, when words were experienced in diverse contexts. These findings demonstrate that variation in the content and structure of the learning environment impacts on word learning via reading. 相似文献
18.
F. Richard Ferraro David A. Balota 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(4):260-272
A memory scanning (Sternberg, 1966, 1975) task was administered to healthy young adults, older adults, and two groups of individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) to determine age- and disease-related changes in the retrieval of information from short-term memory. Healthy older adults, in comparison to healthy young adults, displayed increases in both slopes and intercepts in memory scanning. Individuals at various stages of DAT (very mild, mild, moderate) displayed increases in both slopes and intercepts compared to nondemented age-matched control individuals. There was also some evidence that DAT individuals are more likely to engage in a self-terminating search instead of an exhaustive search of short-term memory. 相似文献
19.
Ann Pearman 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(2):101-107
While the nature of memory complaints during older adulthood has been studied extensively, the meaning of subjective memory
concerns in younger adults has not been fully addressed. Using a sample of 95 younger adults, this study examined the role
of personality, health, and depression in predicting objective and subjective memory. For objective memory, openness and self-rated
health were unique predictors. For subjective memory ability, only self-rated health was predictive. Finally, similar to studies
with older adults, neuroticism and conscientiousness were predictive of both perceived frequency of forgetting and global
memory. Using subjective memory concerns as an indicator of actual memory functioning may be inappropriate given the extent
to which personality traits and health predict memory concerns. 相似文献
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Richard Midford Kim Kirsner 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(4):359-387
There is a wealth of evidence that learning ability declines with age. In almost all of the studies however, the performance measures employed are explicit, even though research has consistently indicated that aged adults have well preserved implicit learning ability. This suggests that under certain circumstances aged adults should be at no great learning disadvantage in comparison to young adults. This experiment used the artificial grammar-learning paradigm, developed by Reber, in a 2 X 2 factorial design that involved systematic manipulation of grammatical complexity and rule provision. The study explored how each combination of conditions influenced explicit or implicit learning and the relationship between learning style and performance by aged and young adults. Learning was assessed primarily by recognition accuracy, involving correct and incorrect grammar exemplars. However, reaction time, error pattern, reliability, and verbal report data was also collected as a way of confirming and providing added detail on learning performance patterns. Aged adults, irrespective of experimental learning conditions, evidenced a remarkably consistent reaction time deficit. In contrast, the accuracy differential between age groups varied markedly across the four treatments. The most salient contrast occurred between complex grammar, without rules, where there was no difference in accuracy between the two age groups and simple grammar, with rules, where the difference was greatest. This change in learning performance between these two conditions indicates that aged adults will learn as well as young adults in situations where the knowledge domain is conducive to implicit learning. 相似文献