论信息化生产方式的产生与马克思主义伦理的发展（下）

信息化生产方式的产生会给人类的伦理带来诸多新变动、新发展和新要求 ,因此 ,科学地分析信息化生产方式的产生对资本的益与忧 ,正确地看待信息化生产方式与马克思主义伦理发展的关系是我们必须面临的任务。     

从工业化向新工业化转变的任务、原则和方式——关于转变增长方式的深层思考

转变增长方式是科学发展的一项重要内容,而转变增长方式的根本是转变生产方式。在工业危机日益凸显、新科技革命已经兴起的今天,转变生产方式本质上就是推进传统工业化向新工业化转变。所以,转变增长方式归根结底必须明确提出和实施中国新工业化发展战略。但是,实施中国新工业化发展战略不能割断新工业化与工业化的联系,必须切实弄清如何从工业化的基础上进一步向新工业化转变的过程,这包括弄清从工业化向新工业化转变的任务、原则和方式。一、工业化与新工业化的根本区别为了弄清从工业化向新工业化的转变过程,我们首先必须弄清工业化与新…     

信息化技术与城市公园的融合形态研究

随着信息化技术的高速发展,以智能手机应用为代表的新一波信息化潮流影响着社会的方方面面,与信息化技术相融合的城市公园也会形成与传统公园迥然不同的时代印记,提升游人与城市公园之间的交互性与参与性,为游人提供更新奇、更丰富、更方便的服务,让游客体验到高科技为生活带来的便捷与美好的同时,也将城市公园的发展引向与时俱进的良性循环轨道。信息化技术也会给城市公园的出资与管理者在规划设计、施工建设、运营维护、改造升级,以及对其依托城市公园进行周边商务资源整合等方面带来很多积极改变,成为城市公园产生社会效益和经济效益的又一个增长点。     

生产自动化与现代资本主义生产方式的内在矛盾

近几十年来,发达资本主义国家出现生产自动化的趋势,促进了生产力的发展,导致资本主义生产关系发生某些新的变化。用马克思主义理论说明现代资本主义生产方式的发展现状,是我们面临的一个重大课题。本文试图剖析机器系统的演变造成的现代资本主义生产关系的新变化,及其与生产自动化的内在矛盾,以期从一个侧面对现代资本主义生产方式进行马克思主义的理论分析。     

略论高技术的伦理价值

当代高技术发展日新月异 ,它不仅迅速地改变着世界、改变着人类的生产方式 ,而且改变着人们的生活方式和思维方式。高技术的发展与广泛应用产生了正、负两重效应。关于高技术的伦理价值的分析与思考 ,已成为科技伦理 (高技术伦理 )的重要课题。     

"马克思社会形态理论的当代发展"学术研讨会侧记

由中国社会科学杂志社与首都师范大学举办的“马克思社会形态理论的当代发展”学术研讨会 ,于 2 0 0 3年 9月 19日在首都师范大学举行。来自北京各高校及研究机构的专家学者参加了该座谈会。会议从多个不同的方面对马克思的社会形态理论进行了探讨 ,包括全球化、信息化趋势对当代社会形态演变的影响 ;当代科技革命与生产方式和交往方式的变革 ;当代社会的组织结构及其运作机制的特点 ;西方各种社会形态理论与马克思主义的社会形态理论 ;等等。现将会议内容概述如下 :一　对马克思社会形态理论的新反思首都师范大学的王锐生教授认为 ,“把社…     

论对抗性矛盾和非对抗性矛盾的根本对立

大家知道,剥削关系是资产阶级社会的本质。资产阶级社会的两个处于两极的对立面、即这两个社会中的两个主要的和相互斗争的阶级(无产阶级和资产阶级)的敌对性和极端性,是由对抗性的生产方式所引起的;随着这种生产方式的产生和发展,它所固有的对抗,以一种历史的不可避免性在增长着(而且现在还在继续增长)。从资产阶级社会产生时起直到现阶段(帝国主义阶段),这个社会发展的客观规律是对抗性矛盾、冲突、抵触和激荡的运动、变化与发展,最后是资产阶级社会在地球的三分之一的土地上毁灭和世界社会主义体系形成。     

从“理性小农”到“新农民”——农民行为选择的伦理冲突与“理性新农民”的生成

农民的行为选择是否遵循理性原则,是国内外长期关注和争论的问题。本文基于对四个典型村庄的田野调查,认为乡村改革进程带来了农民致富冲动的强化和经济理性意识的成长,但传统农业生产方式和生活方式中生成和强化的"土地情结"依然存在。商品化、市场化的发展,为乡村社会转型中农民理性意识的产生和发展提供了逻辑前提,也为"理性新农民"的生成提供了条件。而加强农村道德建设,则是塑造具备文明素质和职业道德的"新农民"的必由之路。     

新的文艺复兴及其问题

本文认为,大流行病和绿色与数字双重过渡代表的巨大需求导致了新局面的出现,如新的文艺复兴。我们先看看新文艺复兴观念产生的第一个问题:它集中体现在欧洲。新原材料的发明促进了新生产方式的诞生。由此产生的第二个问题是:其新形式会是怎样的,即如何分辨和选出现在和将来的新文艺复兴因素?这涉及一项长期计划,并引出了第三个问题:如何使公民们投身其中?我们深知,在各种挑战和新科技面前,共同体若没有奉行认知自主的决心(敢于知晓!),便不可能实现新的文艺复兴。     

正在崛起的计算机文化

人类社会的进步、文化层次的高低在物质方面以生产工具的使用和革新为标志,正如旧石器、新石器、青铜器、铁器、蒸汽机、电动机代表着不同的文化时代一样,计算机文化也是人类社会发展到今天,围绕着电子计算机这种新工具为核心与时俱进产生的一种新时代的文化。它标志着信息时代的到来。计算机文化的横空出世必然对制度文化和精神文化产生推动作用,从而促进整个人类文明的进步。 作为多棱体的计算机文化,本文不可能面面俱到,逐一涉猎,这里仅对文化与计算机文化的概念及其相互关系进行一番界定与分析,继而从当今社会的生产方式、生活方式、知识经济、法律与道德等方面,阐述计算机文化的各种表现形式和内涵,并     

Minimal Requirements for the Emergence of Learned Signaling

The emergence of signaling systems has been observed in numerous experimental and real‐world contexts, but there is no consensus on which (if any) shared mechanisms underlie such phenomena. A number of explanatory mechanisms have been proposed within several disciplines, all of which have been instantiated as credible working models. However, they are usually framed as being mutually incompatible. Using an exemplar‐based framework, we replicate these models in a minimal configuration which allows us to directly compare them. This reveals that the development of optimal signaling is driven by similar mechanisms in each model, which leads us to propose three requirements for the emergence of conventional signaling. These are the creation and transmission of referential information, a systemic bias against ambiguity, and finally some form of information loss. Considering this, we then discuss some implications for theoretical and experimental approaches to the emergence of learned communication.     

Remembered study mode: Support for the distinctiveness account of the production effect

The production effect is the finding that words spoken aloud at study are subsequently remembered better than are words read silently at study. According to the distinctiveness account, aloud words are remembered better because the act of speaking those words aloud is encoded and later recovery of this information can be used to infer that those words were studied. An alternative account (the strength-based account) is that memory strength is simply greater for words read aloud. To discriminate these two accounts, we investigated study mode judgements (i.e., “aloud”/”silent”/”new” ratings): The strength-based account predicts that “aloud” responses should positively correlate with memory strength, whereas the distinctiveness account predicts that accuracy of study mode judgements will be independent of memory strength. Across three experiments, where the strength of some silent words was increased by repetition, study mode was discriminable regardless of strength—even when the strength of aloud and repeated silent items was equivalent. Consistent with the distinctiveness account, we conclude that memory for “aloudness” is independent of memory strength and a likely candidate to explain the production effect.     

明代道德生活与核心价值观

明代独特的道德生活是有其偏执的政治导向、失序的商品经济发展以及无根社会文化综合作用的结果.究其实质乃是在商品经济发展的过程中,传统儒家的价值观念无力为新的社会经济生产方式提供价值支撑,道德生活中的种种失范现象最终都导源于核心价值观的缺失.     

NATURALIZING TRANSCENDENCE IN THE NEW COSMOLOGIES OF EMERGENCE

Abstract. Recent discourse on emergence within the natural sciences offers a superior alternative to traditional notions of transcendence. Emergence is a term of common parlance in the natural sciences. It designates moments when various systems develop an internal dynamic that generates an entirely new level of complexity, a qualitatively different mode of existence that cannot simply be reduced to its constituent parts. To the natural scientist, emergence is an expression of transcendence without reference to final causality or central organizing principle. Autopoietic emergence is more congruent with contemporary understandings of the universe than the traditional anthropomorphizing concept of teleological design. In this article I offer both an interpretation of emergence as a new category for the interpretation of divinity and an explanation for traditional anthropomorphism rooted in contemporary cognitive sciences.     

Not all emotions are created equal: the negativity bias in social-emotional development

There is ample empirical evidence for an asymmetry in the way that adults use positive versus negative information to make sense of their world; specifically, across an array of psychological situations and tasks, adults display a negativity bias, or the propensity to attend to, learn from, and use negative information far more than positive information. This bias is argued to serve critical evolutionarily adaptive functions, but its developmental presence and ontogenetic emergence have never been seriously considered. The authors argue for the existence of the negativity bias in early development and that it is evident especially in research on infant social referencing but also in other developmental domains. They discuss ontogenetic mechanisms underlying the emergence of this bias and explore not only its evolutionary but also its developmental functions and consequences. Throughout, the authors suggest ways to further examine the negativity bias in infants and older children, and they make testable predictions that would help clarify the nature of the negativity bias during early development.     

Development of Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Introduction to the Special Section

Recognizable symptoms and features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) appear during adolescence. However, there has been resistance to diagnose or research this disorder prior to adulthood because of clinical lore that BPD is a long-standing illness and that personality traits are not stable until adulthood. This has resulted in little information regarding the development of and risk factors for BPD in youth. The goal of this special section is to examine the development of BPD in adolescence and young adulthood using a broad collection of approaches, including a theoretical review paper, two prospective studies, and a multi-method cross-sectional study. This body of work provides new insights into vulnerabilities that may transact with early attachment relationships and experiences to predict the emergence of BPD in adolescence and young adulthood. These papers also point to future research that is needed to better understand the etiology, development, and course of BPD.     

Autobiographical memory and the self in time: brain lesion effects, functional neuroanatomy, and lifespan development

Autobiographical remembering reflects an advanced state of consciousness that mediates awareness of the self as continuous across time. In naturalistic autobiographical memory, self-aware recollection of temporally and spatially specific episodes and generic factual information (both public and personal) operate in tandem. Evidence from both laboratory and real-life studies, however, suggests that these two processes can be dissociated. This paper reviews aging, lesion, and functional neuroimaging research on the anatomical substrates of autobiographical memory processes using a new measure, the Autobiographical Interview, and prospective collection of autobiographical material. Results indicate that autobiographical recollection is mediated by a distributed fronto-temporo-parietal system, with the anteromedial prefrontal cortex positioned to integrate sensory information with self-specific information. The emergence of autobiographical recollection at around age four coincides with the timing of prefrontal regressive cortical and progressive white matter changes that may support the development of this high-level capacity.