《天方性理》的心性论及其思想来源——兼论伊儒会通

回儒代表人物刘智的《天方性理》,被认为是中国伊斯兰哲学的巅峰之作。其中的心性论非常具有特色,其思想来源广泛,理论背景深厚,是伊斯兰思想传统和中国哲学传统会通融合的产物,具有重要的学术价值和理论意义。本文在前人研究的基础上,试图以苏菲心性论为理论背景,探究《天方性理》心性学说的思想来源,梳理其主要内容,尝试对其中一些晦涩之处做出自己的疏解和分析,并就某些观点同宋明理学进行适当比较。     

明清伊斯兰学者存在论发凡北大核心SSCI

“存在”原初为古希腊哲学概念,在文明交流中进入阿拉伯-伊斯兰哲学,并成为伊斯兰哲学中的核心概念。明清的中国伊斯兰学者,在“以儒诠经”之汉文著述的历史活动中,参与了对“存在”及其相关问题的讨论。此历史活动,以伊斯兰“存在论”为核心资源,运用中国文化的语用表述方式,建构了风格独特的中国伊斯兰唯心主义存在论。明清伊斯兰学者的存在论,展现了伊斯兰哲学思想与中国哲学思想的交流,体现了伊斯兰教在思想层面的中国化历史。     

回儒会通:王岱舆的忠孝理论

王岱舆在《正教真诠》中,创立了“真忠”、“至孝”等中国伊斯兰教的道德范畴.他一方面以伊斯兰教义为根本,一方面吸收、借鉴了儒家忠孝伦理中的合理内涵,故而这既是一个创新过程,又是一个回儒文化交流、会通的过程.在创新过程中,王岱舆从上述范畴中阐述出天道与人道的统一,内在要求与外在规范的统一,进而以此构建中国伊斯兰教道德的基础;在回儒文化交流中,他以伊斯兰教义为依托,以儒家文化为用,故而能够在吸收、借鉴的同时,对儒家忠孝理论中的某些观点提出尖锐的批评.     

回儒对话——明清时期中国伊斯兰哲学思想研究

关于明清时期中国穆斯林思想家的研究,在国内外已有一些研究成果。我国学者在这一领域就中国伊斯兰哲学思想的总体特征提出了“以儒诠回”、“以回补儒”的观点,凝炼地概括了伊斯兰思想与中国传统哲学之间互动融合的关系。美国日裔学者村田性子认为,中国哲学中“易”的思想内涵与伊斯兰《古兰经》的主旨十分契合。以色列学者若费尔·以色列(Raphael Israel)指出,中国本土的儒学教育深深地影响着中国穆斯林中的神职人员,然而中国传统的社会等级观念与伊斯兰的网络状的社会分层的思想格格不入。另一位研究中国伊斯兰的学者德·欧龙(D’Ollon…     

文明对话 交流互鉴——《伊儒会通研究》评介

“伊儒会通”（或回儒会通）,是指伊斯兰教与儒教（家）的交流、沟通与融合等。伊儒会通涉及的范围较宽泛：包括哲学、修养论和习俗等诸领域,而研究自然也随之而有伊儒哲学会通、伊儒修养论会通等等。总之,此类跨宗教或跨文化的研究已经形成一个专门的领域,许多学者在此领域辛勤地耕耘着。翻开季芳桐教授撰写的《伊儒会通研究》发现,内容分伊斯兰教篇与儒家篇,前者是从伊斯兰教角度探讨宗教会通问题,     

纳斯尔与刘述先:"回儒对话"语境中的"传统"与"现代"之争

本文目的在于对伊斯兰哲学家纳斯尔与新儒家代表人物刘述先在当代“回儒对话”语境中的一场争论进行回顾和总结。本文首先对争论双方的身份以及争论之缘起和大致经过进行了简要介绍,描述了纳斯尔与刘述先的“传统”与“现代”之争的具体内容,并对这场争论背后所潜含的思想实质进行了讨论。     

“回儒”与“西儒”之比较

明末清初,曾活跃着两个引人注目的群体——“回儒”和“西儒”。他们分别致力于伊斯兰文化和基督教文化与儒家思想文化的融合,不仅进一步加深了伊斯兰教和基督教的中国化,而且以和平对话的方式促进了不同思想文化之间的和谐共处。分析比较“回儒”和“西儒”在思想、活动、贡献等方面的异同,对现在及将来宗教自身尤其是外来宗教如何与社会主义社会相适应,对如何更好地引导宗教尤其是外来宗教与社会主义社会相适应,对不同宗教、文化、文明之间如何和谐相处,对建设和谐文化和构建和谐社会,将会产生诸多有益的启迪。     

明末清初回族伊斯兰汉文译著兴起的原因研究

明代中后期,随着回回民族的形成,汉语取代了主要是以阿拉伯语和波斯语为主的穆斯林语言,成为回回穆斯林的日常通用语。这使得伊斯兰教在中国的发展面临着困境。到明末清初,一些“回儒兼通”的伊斯兰学者顺应民族历史的发展趋势,为了“阐正教于中华”,他们着力于“以儒诠经”方式来汉译伊斯兰教经典。这是伊斯兰文明和中国儒家文化历史上第一次对话、交流和融合。它推动了伊斯兰教中国化、本土化的进程,为伊斯兰教在中国的发展探讨到了一条适宜的道路,影响深远。     

试析当代中国伊斯兰哲学-思想研究的问题与主线

伊斯兰哲学与阿拉伯哲学之关系、伊斯兰哲学史与伊斯兰思想史的区分是当代中国伊斯兰教哲学—思想研究中的两个主要问题。围绕第一个问题形成了两种截然不同的观点,一是"名异实同说",一是"名实皆异说"。由于"伊斯兰"的含义远远超出"阿拉伯"一词,因此伊斯兰哲学不能等同于以阿拉伯文记载的哲学。区分两者有助于突破"从铿迭到伊本.鲁西德"的旧框架,以含义更为宽泛的"伊斯兰哲学"或"伊斯兰思想"重新审视伊斯兰思想的历程。同时,国内学界一般将与伊斯兰信仰相关的理性思辨划分为三项内容,即伊斯兰自然哲学、伊斯兰教义学以及苏菲神秘主义思想。狭义的"伊斯兰哲学"概念仅相当于在古希腊哲学影响下产生的伊斯兰自然哲学。故应采纳涵盖面更广的"伊斯兰思想",非易于造成误解与混淆的"伊斯兰哲学"。1949年以来,在长达60余年的时间里,当代中国伊斯兰哲学-思想研究形成了一条内在主线,即围绕"伊斯兰哲学"的名称与内涵展开的各种"正名"与"求实"运动。     

道教义理之枢论——《道教义理学综论》之一章：元气论——道教义理枢论之一

我在《道教义理之学的基础、结构、枢论与亮点》章节中,已对道教义理的五大部类及其涵蕴的多种具有一定范畴及理论中心意义的枢要论点,作了扼要的表白,故而在具体论述其枢要之理念观点前,直截了当地交待一下写作“枢论”的方式与目的。管窥蠡测,抛砖引玉。恭候明识者赐教。写作的方式与目的:第一,择要叙列其具有一定范畴性及中心意义的义理观念①。专题探讨其思想渊源与发展趋向,聚焦于义理。条理义理体系,明晰其底蕴真谛,凸显道教义理之丰湛。第二,以道教经籍所载义理要语为依据,撷取道教重要经典中有鲜明代表意义的经文,来直接展示其义理枢论,保持本色,避免失真。同时,也可为乐于此项探讨者,提供一些史料线索。第三,道教义理的理念观点,其思想渊源、形成与发展,皆与我国传统哲学紧密相连,本来就是我国传统哲学在宗教范畴的延伸与发展,是我国传统哲学的组成部分,故而笔者在尊重客观史实情形下,特意将道教义理枢论回归到我国传统哲学的范畴来加以述论;并同时显示出它在“百家争鸣”中的道家特色。总的来说,我的想法和做法就两句话:以道教经典中的义理要语,比较集中来展示其义理“枢论”。还原道教义理的理念观点在“枢论”网络下的系统哲学性和人文风格。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.