技术革新中如何促进创造性思维的初步探索

一、研究的目的 党的八届二中全会报告指出“机器是要人来創造和发动的,物貭生产資料是要經过人的努力才能实現的。”从心理学的角度总結研究我国技术革命运动中革新者、发明家是怎样創造机器的,总結他們創造过程的經驗,闡明革新者創造发明的思維活动的某些原     

THE VIRTUES IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE

Using as a guide Pellegrino and Thomasma's “end-oriented beneficence model” of the virtues in medical practice, the author derives from the cardinal forms of psychiatric treatment a set of virtues particular to this field. Prior work from Jung, Havens and Menzer-Benaron helps to clarify the analysis.     

非洲的经济模式和实践

引　言经济模式好比科学范例 ,使行动者接受某些行为和实践的模式。在一段时间里 ,这些模式被当作标准的实践来接受 ,而且人人都被期望加以遵守或奉行。这表明理论上的正统观念是如何得以确立的。然而 ,甚至正统观念也要依靠技术的进步。在经济学上 ,这一点是得到广泛承认的 ,因为它保证不同实践者之间的竞争。发生这种情况的背景往往被认为是理所当然的 ,因为它隐含在既定的理论模式中。例如 ,发展理论认为 ,流行的欧美经济模式是普遍有效的。更可能的是 ,这种模式本身已经成为一种西方所希望保持的社会价值。因此 ,作为一个科学命题 ,它是…     

MEDITATION IN TAI NUEA LAY BUDDHIST PRACTICE

ABSTRACT

The Tai Nuea ethnolinguistic group is found on the periphery of Theravāda Buddhist influence in parts of southwestern China, northern Myanmar, and in small communities in northwestern Laos. Their relative isolation from mainstream reform movements indicates that they may have much to contribute to the understanding of pre-modern local, and especially lay, Buddhist practices in mainland Southeast Asia. This article focuses on weekly days of lay practice during the annual rainy season retreat in a Tai Nuea village in Mueang Sing, northwestern Laos. The practice is undertaken with an awareness of ageing and approaching death by both women and men who are mainly over 50 years of age. It is distinctly lay oriented and takes place with minimal input from the monastic community. There is extensive use of litany and Pāli phrases to request and to take leave of specific activities throughout the day, and during formal meditation small kamma??hāna (meditation) manuals are worn on the head and the entire body is covered with a white cloth. Within a holistic framework of devotion to the Triple Gem and the practices of generosity and morality, meditation is seen as one important component of meritorious activity rather than as a tool for personal transformation.     

FLEXIBILITY IN SPATIAL ATTENTION BEFORE AND AFTER PRACTICE

Abstract— These experiments used spatial probes to measure how spatial attention is allocated across the visual field during search for a target letter in an eight-letter array. There were three main findings. Attentional strength is flexibly adjusted according to the confusability between target and distractors. Distractor locations near the target receive more inhibition than those farther from the target, indicating that the nearby distractors interfere more with target identification. Despite the fact that consistent practice improves search rate it does not diminish the strength of spatial attention in this task.     

提取练习在定向遗忘中的作用

根据汉字特点采用义同、形似、音同、无关四种实验材料,采用字表范式探讨不同提取练习次数(0、1、3次)在定向遗忘中的作用及是否会受到材料关系的影响.实验结果发现: (1)对于形似、音同材料,提取练习提高了最后回忆成绩.对于义同、无关材料,提取练习对不同组别两列字表的最后回忆成绩影响不同; (2)提取练习0次时,义同、音同、无关材料都表现出定向遗忘效应.提取练习1次时,无关材料表现出定向遗忘效应.提取练习3次时,形似、音同材料下表现出定向遗忘效应.义同、无关材料定向遗忘效应随着提取练习次数的增加而消失,形似材料随着提取练习次数的增加出现定向遗忘效应; (3)对于四种材料,遗忘组被试都没有随提取练习次数的增加而更多抑制字表1回忆,即字表l的回忆成绩都没有表现出随提取练习次数的增加而降低的趋势,所以能否用提取诱发遗忘来解释定向遗忘的提取抑制还需要进一步的实验验证.     

RELIGION AND THE MODE OF PRACTICE IN MICHAEL OAKESHOTT

Michael Oakeshott's religious view of the world stands behind much of his political and philosophical writing. In this essay I first discuss Oakeshott's view of religion and the mode of practice in his own terms. I attempt next to illuminate his idea of religion by describing it in less technical language, drawing upon other thinkers such as Georg Simmel and George Santayana, who share similar views. I then evaluate Oakeshott's view as a whole, considering whether his ideas about religion can stand up to careful scrutiny and whether they have value for present-day reflection on religion.     

A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH FOR EVALUATING VARIABLES IN ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

One of the most difficult tasks facing industrial-organizational psychologists is evaluating the importance of variables, especially new variables, to be included in the prediction of some outcome. When multiple regression is used, common practices suggest evaluating the usefulness of new variables by showing incremental validity beyond the set of existing variables. This approach assures that the new variables are not statistically redundant with this existing set, but this approach attributes any shared criterion-related validity to the existing set of variables and none to the new variables. More importantly, incremental validity alone fails to answer the question directly about the importance of variables included in a regression model—arguably the more important statistical concern for practitioners. To that end, the current article reviews 2 indices of relative importance, general dominance weights and relative weights, which may be used to complement incremental validity evidence and permit organizational decision makers to make more precise and informed decisions concerning the usefulness of predictor variables. We illustrate our approach by reanalyzing the correlation matrices from 2 published studies.