Ajustement rôle parental et rôle professionnel,un synchroniseur externe des rythmes attentionnels de l’enfant

The aim of this study was to investigate in families of two working parents the effects of parents’ work organisation and work-related stress on the level and rhythmicity of their children's attention in school. Four hundred and sixty children between five and 10 years of age, divided into three age groups, completed crossing-out tests. Each parent completed a coded and anonymous questionnaire. The results, analysed using a repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05), suggest that the mother's and father's work organisation and work-related stress impact on the child's attention differently according to age. Irregular professional activities, difficult to foresee and out of step with social life, as well as mental strain and accumulated stress could affect the regulatory function of the family on the child's receptiveness to learn at school.     

Stratégies de contrôle adaptatives au fil de l’âge adulte et rôle des ressources cognitives dans leur déploiement

The current study investigated the age-related differences in control strategies deployment, and examined the relations of control strategies with indicators of well-being and cognitive efficiency. Eighty-five participants aged from 18 to 93 years old completed measures of control strategies and anxiety, and were administered several cognitive tests designed to assess processing speed, reasoning and episodic memory. Results showed that (1) middle-aged individuals use more control strategies based on emotional regulation and goal disengagement than younger and older individuals, (2) individuals who deploy more control strategies focused on emotions report lower levels of anxiety, and (3) cognitive resources moderate the relation between age and control strategies deployment. That is, although increased age is associated with lower deployment of control strategies, the current project showed that age effects in control strategies were weaker for people with higher levels of cognitive resources than for people with lower levels of cognitive resources.     

L’impact du leadership participatif sur la réduction de l’incertitude et la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques des conseillers de Pôle Emploi

This study examines the extent to which the impact of participative leadership on emotions and on the satisfaction of psychological needs is mediated by a reduction in uncertainty among its collaborators. Among counsellors at Pôle Emploi, 108 were questioned on their perceptions of leadership, their uncertainties (i.e. role ambiguity, need for closure) and on indicators of psychological functioning at work (i.e. emotions and satisfaction/frustration of needs). The results reveal that only participative leadership is positively associated with our indicators of good psychological functioning and that this relationship is mediated by the ability of this type of leadership to regulate the uncertainty usually associated with organizational change. These results are discussed in relation to recent approaches to leadership in times of uncertainty.     

L’habilitation des salariés : le rôle du supérieur et des collègues

Organizational initiatives to empower employees have limited success if they are supported only by top managers. The goal of this study is to examine how two actors in the workers’ proximal social environment, the supervisor and colleagues, contribute to employee empowerment. A questionnaire study was conducted with a sample of 418 workers relying both on psychological and behavioral self-report measures of employee empowerment. Multiple regressions revealed that contributions from the supervisor and colleagues are distinct, additive and interact in a synergic way to increase employee empowerment. These results suggest that it is important to foster favorable conditions in the workers’ proximal social environment to instill employee empowerment.     

Les praticiens hospitaliers plein temps et le cumul d’activités. Le rôle de l’Ordre des Médecins

Full time hospital doctors may have private practice. The National Medical Council is charged by laws and rules to give or not favorable notice before action.     

Effets des pratiques organisationnelles vertueuses sur les comportements citoyens et l’intention de rester dans l’entreprise : le rôle médiateur de l’adéquation personne-organisation

The aims of this study were to explore the effects of virtuous organizational practices on employees’ citizenship behaviors towards the organization and employees’ intention to remain, and to test the mediating role of the person-organization fit in these relationships. A total of 290 employees from different sectors responded to the study. The results revealed that these practices had positive effects on citizenship behavior and intention to stay in the organization and that person-organization fit mediated these relationships partially and completely respectively. The results of this study, devoted to the innovative construct of virtuous organizational practices and its relationship to work attitudes and behaviors, suggest different avenues for research and action, which are discussed.     

Effets du soutien organisationnel perçu et des caractéristiques de l’emploi sur l’anxiété au travail et l’épuisement professionnel : le rôle médiateur de la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques

Based on organizational support theory, job characteristics model, and self-determination theory, we examined the mechanisms that underlie the relations between organizational factors and ill-being. Specifically, the main purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the mediating role of the psychological needs for autonomy (i.e., the need for individuals to feel volitional and responsible for their own behavior), competence (i.e., the need for individuals to interact effectively with their environment), and relatedness (i.e., the need for individuals to feel connected and accepted by others), in the relationships of perceived organizational support (i.e., the degree to which employees believe that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being) and three motivational job characteristics (i.e., task identity, task significance, and work scheduling autonomy) to job anxiety and burnout. This is the first research, to the best of our knowledge, to test for the joint effects of perceived organizational support and motivational job characteristics on job anxiety and burnout through psychological need satisfaction. Four hundred and fifty-seven employees (216 men and 241 women) from different sectors (i.e., industry, trade, crafts) took part in the study. Fifty-seven participants worked in companies with less than 10 employees, 105 in companies with 11–49 employees, 138 in companies with 50–249 employees, 33 in companies with 250–499 employees, and 124 in companies with more than 500 employees. The hypothesized model was tested with structural equation modeling analyses. Results provided support for our hypotheses and revealed that all hypothesized paths were significant. Specifically, our results showed that perceived organizational support and job characteristics were positively related to psychological need satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction of these psychological needs was negatively associated with job anxiety and burnout. Therefore, feelings of autonomy, competence, and relatedness play a central role in the development or reduction of well- and ill-being at work. These results are consistent with previous research in the work context, which has shown that social factors (e.g., autonomy-supportive behaviors) have significant effects on workplace mental health through their influence on psychological need satisfaction. Practical and research implications as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Télétravail en temps de crise,engagement organisationnel affectif et satisfaction de vie professionnelle : le rôle de l’ajustement au télétravail et de la satisfaction vis-à-vis de l’équilibre entre domaines de vie

IntroductionThe COVID-19 health crisis considerably accelerated the use of telework.ObjectiveThe present study focuses on the impact of telework frequency on workers’ work-life satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. This study also evaluates the mediating role of satisfaction with work-family balance in these two relationships. Finally, it investigates the moderator role of telework adjustment (i.e., adaptation to changes resulting from the transition to a virtual environment) in the relationship between telework frequency and work-family balance satisfaction, as well as the drivers of this adjustment.MethodIn all, 377 teleworkers replied to an online questionnaire measuring the above-mentioned variables.ResultsThe increase in telework frequency is directly associated with a decrease in workers’ work-life satisfaction and affective organizational commitment, due to the degradation of their work-family balance satisfaction. Yet, once workers have made significant adjustments to telework, direct and indirect negative impacts of telework frequency are reduced. Finally, telework adjustment is largely predicted by whether telework resulted from choice or obligation, by the telework environment at home, and by the organizational support provided to workers.ConclusionTheoretical and practical implications of these results will be discussed, with potential avenues to best support the deployment of remote work.     

La discrimination ethnique à l’emploi : le rôle des préjugés,du contact intergroupe et des orientations d’acculturation

Introduction and objectiveLittle is known about employment discrimination in France. The goal of this study was to examine some of the determinants of employment discrimination toward French Young from Turkish and North-african Immigration (YTNI).MethodUnder this perspective, 62 employers filled out an anonymous questionnaire in France (Auvergne).ResultsFirst, results reveal that the level of employers’ prejudice determines their behavioural intentions during recruitments, especially two kinds of prejudice: perception of YTNI overpopulation, and perception of incompatibility between YTNI recruitment and firm brand image. Second, the quality of intergroup contact is significantly related to prejudice, but not to discrimination. Concerning employers’ acculturation orientations, they prefer segregation compare to assimilation. Finally, the more they endorses ethnocentric acculturation orientations, the more they are prejudiced and the more they have the intention to discriminate.ConclusionThis research suggests courses of action for the reduction of employment discrimination.     

Le rôle modérateur des orientations vers les objectifs dans la relation entre l’envergure de poste et l’engagement organisationnel

This paper examines the moderating role of goal orientations (learning, performance and avoidance orientation) in the relationship between job scope (i.e., a composite measure capturing task variety, autonomy, feedback and significance) and organizational commitment. Based on a sample of 314 participants, the analyses indicate that job scope is positively related to commitment and that performance orientation and avoidance orientation act as negative moderators of job scope. Specifically, job scope was more strongly related to commitment at low levels of these traits. We discuss the importance of considering the role of employee personality in the study of the effect of work context on commitment.     

Le risque de décrochage scolaire chez des collégiens libanais : le rôle spécifique du sentiment d’efficacité, de l’anxiété et du soutien parental et enseignant ?

Dropping out of school is a break that permanently interrupts a pupil's schooling. Mainly psychological factors may contribute to this situation. The study focuses on the role played by some socio-emotional factors in the risk of dropping out of school in Lebanon. A quantitative research has been conducted on 504 teenagers attending middle school in 7th grade about their dropping out risks. Causal track analyses show that school learning experiences, social support provided by family and teachers, as well as some individual characteristics – (school anxiety, feelings of effectiveness related to school domain, expectations versus in school, school project) interact to increase or decrease the risk of dropping out.     

Étude exploratoire de l’engagement dans un dispositif de validation des acquis de l’expérience (VAE) : le rôle des valorisations et des échanges inhérents aux différents domaines de vie

The objective of this article is to report on issues and logical commitment of individuals in a course of the validation of knowledge from experience (VAE). In this way, we analyze individual strategies at work in the desire to integrate a VAE, and the role of valuations and trade developed in different areas of life. The study was conducted among 20 candidates engaged in VAE in higher education, using semi-structured interviews. The analysis of textual data “Alceste” reveals, firstly, the existence of three logical commitment in VAE and, secondly, that these are embedded logic and served by individuals in their different times and settings of socialization. The study calls for some recommendations to address professional coaching in VAE.     

Effet de l’exposition culturelle sur l’ajustement culturel : rôle médiateur de l’intelligence culturelle

The purpose of the study consists in examining the effect of cultural exposure onto cultural adjustment mediated by cultural intelligence. In this perspective, we have consolidated the conception of cultural exposure as well as validated the measure of cultural exposure in French. The data (n = 106) have been collected via an electronic survey administered to immigrants and processed via Jamovi 2.3.3.0. Further to the structural equation modeling in latent variables we have validated the hypothesized mediation. Another result consisted in a validated measure of cultural exposure. The findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the antecedents of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment. Several recommendations are formulated for the institutions in charge for the immigrants’ integration and training.     

Travail et épuisement professionnel : le rôle modérateur des traits de la personnalité

This study aims to assess the moderating role of personality traits on the relationship between work conditions and burnout. The stress theories (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984; Marchand, 2004; Pearlin, 1999) argues that the effects of stressors are moderated by the individual perception of stressors, some personality traits may thus moderate the relationship between work stressors and burnout. The main results confirm self-esteem and locus of control moderates the relationship between work conditions and burnout. The results of this study may be useful in some human resource management activities, particularly career management, promotions management and personnel selection.     

Le rôle médiateur de la réflexivité et du climat entre la distance de pouvoir et l’efficacité d’une équipe de travail

In this study, we investigate the mediating role of reflexivity (West, 1996) and climate to innovation (Anderson & West, 1998) between power distances and effectiveness of work teams of engineers training. Regression analysis (Baron & Kenny, 1986) reveals a total mediation of climate and a partial mediation of reflexivity. These results are discussed from a practical perspective.     

Influence du leadership éthique sur l’engagement affectif et l’épanouissement psychologique : le rôle médiateur de la satisfaction vis-à-vis de l’équilibre entre domaines de vie

The inter-professional national agreement of 19 June 2013 emphasizes the role of managers in promoting quality of work life. The latter aims jointly at employees’ health and company performance due to commitment. In the present study we tested the indirect effect of ethical leadership on affective commitment and psychological flourishing via satisfaction with work–family balance. Among employees, 221 filled out a questionnaire. The results indicate, on the one hand, the positive links between ethical leadership and affective commitment and psychological flourishing, and on the other hand the mediating role of satisfaction with work–family balance in these two relationships. We provide recommendations to improve quality of work life.     

Conduites évaluatives des cyber-étudiants à l’université : rôle du sentiment de communauté

Our study aims to describe and explain the diversity of students’ evaluative conducts according to socio-technical characteristics of their courses setting (face-to-face/e-learning) but also to sense of community. Our survey results based on a questionnaire administered to 195 students confirm our hypothesis. They show that e-learners are more satisfied with their training than face-to-face students are. Moreover, they point out that sense of community has a positive impact on e-learners satisfaction and on the way, they give meaning to their training according to their different spheres of activities. However, the influence of sense of community on those both dimensions is less straight to face-to-face students.