Consultation with the Z Family's Technology Business: A Weekend Retreat

Family business consultation is an expanding enterprise and constitutes an interesting area of practice for psychologists drawn from industrial/organizational psychology, clinical psychology, and family psychology. This paper provides a clinical case example of a weekend retreat established as the forum for consultation to a family owned business that was experiencing a good deal of dissension between family and non-family management team members.     

MEGA中国工作站:一次难得的机遇

我国马克思主义哲学界,尤其是马克思主义哲学史学界一直关注着MEGA,但往往对MEGA的特殊性理解得并不充分.MEGA是德文<马克思恩格斯全集>(Die Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe)的简称,它与我们通常所说的"<马克思恩格斯全集>"并不是同一个概念.我国已经出版的50卷<马克思恩格斯全集>第一版,正在编纂出版的第二版,以及苏联出版过的<马克思恩格斯全集>,确切地说应当称之为"马克思恩格斯著作",其相应的德文词为Die Marx-Engels-Werke,简称MEW.这方面比较权威的版本是民主德国从1956年至1983年出版的42卷<马克思恩格斯著作>,1990年补充出版了第43卷.     

The Second Chance Project: Creative Approaches to Developing the Talents of At‐Risk Native Inmates

This study compared the recidivism rate of two groups of Native Canadian inmates. The experimental group of offenders received intensive pre‐release support, including counseling, training in Creative Problem Solving, career awareness sessions (including résumé writing, interviewing, and impression management), and on‐the‐job experience. Inmates in the control group received no such support; at sentences' end, they were simply released into society to fend for themselves. The results indicated that recidivism can be reduced by a meaningful support program. Individuals in the experimental group were much less likely to re‐offend than those in the untreated control group.     

Embracing Chance Tactically: A Different Perspective on Risk Taking

Although they value certainty, people are willing to take risks to avoid losses. Consequently, they are risk‐seeking in the domain of losses but risk‐avoidant in the domain of gains. This behavior, frequently demonstrated in framing experiments, is traditionally explained in terms of prospect theory. We suggest a different account whereby involving chance in one's decisions may serve a strategic impression‐formation function. In the domain of losses actors may embrace chance to distance themselves from the outcomes and deflect possible blame. Given potential gains, however, actors may avoid uncertainty to enhance their association with valued outcomes. We test this idea by manipulating the level of actors' personal responsibility for the decision outcomes. The results of four studies consistently showed that when personal responsibility is high, the original framing effect is replicated (i.e., greater risk‐taking when choices are framed in terms of losses rather than gains). However, when because of assigned role or decision circumstances, actors experience low personal responsibility for the outcomes, and the classic framing effect is eliminated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Death on Every Weekend

This essay is a personal account of situations experienced by a medical technician in a large emergency room. It includes examples of stressful situations that daily confront medical personnel and the inability of medical institutions to aid them in understanding and coping with death and dying. Stemming from these stressful situations, the paper illustrates the importance of the need for medical institutions to pay direct attention to the stressful topic of death itself if the medical personnel are to work efficiently in an environment where death and dying are everyday occurrences. Although some institutions do offer in-service sessions to nurses, these services are far and few between. But the stress for all medical personnel remains high, and there remains an unfulfilled need to teach effective thanatological techniques to all medical personnel.     

机会或选择

你看,朋友,我们所有的人都会遇到问题,也会渡过艰难困苦的时光。但那些积极应对和处理这些问题的人,最终在生活中获得了成功。掌握你的生活不是碰运气,而是你自己是否选择了幸福和成功。因为,人们用最好的方法使事情朝好的方向发展,就会有最好的结果。     

Weekend alcoholism in youth and neurocognitive aging

Numerous studies have shown that alcohol intake causes neuropsychological disorders that affect various brain structures. The ?premature ageing? hypothesis proposes that the brain areas of alcoholics undergo deterioration similar to that observed in old age. We investigated whether alcohol abuse by young people (binge drinking) causes alterations comparable to some found in elderly people. Ninety-one people were divided into four groups: a) young people who abused alcohol; b) young people who drank alcohol in moderation; c) young people who did not drink alcohol; and d) elderly adults without any significant cognitive deterioration. All of them were assessed with a neuropsychological battery. We observed some similarities in the results obtained by young drinkers and the elderly participants, which would provide some support for the hypothesis of premature aging. The tasks that young drinkers performed worse were those related to executive functions, in which the prefrontal cortex plays an essential role. We also found differences between the two groups of young drinkers (moderate and high consumption), which leads us to believe that the amount of alcohol consumed and the pattern of consumption are factors to consider in relation to cognitive impairment.     

Taming Chance: Social Science and Everyday Narratives

Although the impacts of chance occurrences play an important role in some of our everyday narratives, they are rarely discussed in social science accounts of the life cycle. The discrepancy between chance's relative significance in each of these portrayals is partly attributable to the highlighting of the unusual and unexpected in order to make our narratives interesting. The difference is also based in social sciences' attempt to tame chance using stochastic models enriched by recent nonlinear dynamic systems approaches. A critical factor affecting our accounts, whether in everyday life or in the search for robust general laws of behavior, is our commitment to prediction and control.     

Opportunism in Memory: Preparing for Chance Encounters

Recognizing opportunities to achieve pending goals is an important cognitive ability. But when and how do we recognize that a current situation is especially suited to resuming a past goal? The predictive encoding model suggests pending goals are encoded into memory in association with anticipated environmental features. Optimally, these features are (a) necessary for successful goal satisfaction, (b) distinctive preconditions for expecting a plan to achieve the goal, and (c) described so as to be readily identified in the environment. Later, ordinary perception of features in the environment leads to automatic recognition of opportunities already prepared in memory. Evidence from experimental studies supports this theory, and demonstrates that general preparation can produce apparently novel opportunism. These findings suggest ways to facilitate the recognition of opportunities to satisfy pending goals.