Editor's Choice

The Editor reviews:
Christopher D. Marshall, Beyond Retribution: A New Testament Vision for Justice, Crime, and Punishment     

Views and Counterviews

Beware of Greeks Bearing Gifts, by James A. Nestingen and Gerhard O. Forde, p.291 The Episcopal No Spin Zone, by Meg Madson, p.293 Response to Madson, by Elizabeth Purdum and Louis Schneider, p.296 Misconstruing Miracles, by Ronald F. Marshall, p.297 WordAlone: Extreme, Unfocused, or What? By C. Richard Peterson, p.298     

Peer Commentaries on ‘Young infants’ expectations about hidden objects: a reply to three challenges’ by Renée Baillargeon and ‘Do infants possess innate knowledge structures? The con side’ by Linda B. Smith

Commentaries Elizabeth S. Spelke, Innateness, learning and the development of object representation, p.145 Elizabeth Bates, Nativism versus development: comments on Baillargeon and Smith, p.148 Kurt W. Fischer and Jeffrey Stewart, Into the middle of things: from dichotomies to grounded dynamic analysis of development, p.150 Pim Haselager, Levels of learning, p.152 Marshall M. Haith, Some thoughts about claims for innate knowledge and infant physical reasoning, p.153     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Theology and Dialogue: Essays in Conversation with George Lindbeck, Edited by Bruce D. Marshall Biblical Criticism in Crisis? The Impact of the Canonical Approach on Old Testament Studies, by Mark G. Brett An Aplolgy for Apologetics: A Study in the logic of Interreligious Dialogue, by Paul J. Griffiths Between the Two Fires: The Anglican Church and Apartheid 1948 to 1957, by Michael E. Worsnip     

Reviews

Review in this Article
AUGUSTINE AND HIS CRITICS: ESSAY IN HONOUR OF GERALD BONNER ed. by R. Dodaro and G. Lawless
ISSUES FOR A CATHOLIC BIOETHIC, ed. Luke Gormally Linacre Centre
LA LIBERTÉ DES CONGRÉGATIONS RELIGIEUSES EN FRANCE by Jean-Paul Durand OP Les Editions du Cerf
EMPRESS AND HANDMAID: ON NATURE AND GENDER IN THE CULT OF THE VIRGIN MARY by Sarah Jane Boss Continuum International Publishing Group
TRINITY AND TRUTH by Bruce D. Marshall Cambridge University Press     

PROPERTY OR PERSONS: ON A “PLAIN READING” OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION

The views of Frederick Douglass, Thurgood Marshall, and Clarence Thomas on how the United States Constitution should be read are examined. Thomas claims that his understanding of the Constitution aligns with Douglass. I conclude that Thomas misunderstands the strategy of Douglass and fails to appreciate the honesty of Marshall.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
R.S, Thomas: Poet of the Hidden God , by D.Z. Phillips, Macmillan
The Methods of Modern Tehology by Paul Avis, Marshall Pickering
Philosophy and Miracle: The Contemporary Debate , By David Basinger and Randall Basinger.
Jesus In Our Western Culture: Mysticism, Ethics and Politics , by Edward Schillebeeckx.
Believer, Christian, Catholic: Three Essays in Fundamental Theology by David Coffey, Catholic Institute of Sydney
English-Speaking justice by George Parkin Grant, Notre Dame
Judaism by Nicholas de Lange, Oxford University
The Making of Modern German Christology from the Enlightenment to Pannenberg , by Alister E. McGrath
Being As Communion by John D. Zizioulas. Darton, Longman
The Form of Transformed Vision: Coleridge and the Knowledge of God by James S. Cutsinger
Persons and Personality by A. Peacocke & G. Gillett     

La contribution des arbres de classification et de régression dans la prédiction de la récidive chez les délinquants sexuels adultes

Clinicians have access to several risk assessment instruments to evaluate the risk or recidivism in sexual offenders. Nevertheless, we seem to have attained a ceiling in the predictive validity of these instruments with the traditional techniques of items agglomeration. In this study, we offer a different combination of predictors with the classification and regression trees, and it, by taking into account the type of sexual offenders. The classification trees are constructed from predictors contained in seven actuarial instruments (VRAG, SORAG, RRASOR, STATIC-99, STATIC-2002, RM2000, MnSOST-R). In general, the classification trees have a higher predictive accuracy than the actuarial instruments and point out that it's not the same predictors that should be considered according to the type of offenders and the type of recidivism. Furthermore, classification trees identify correctly more recidivists than the best actuarial tool. In spite of the contribution of this approach, other types of predictors should also be considered to augment predictive accuracy: dynamic predictors, protective predictors as well as measurements based on theories like those on attachment styles (Marshall, D. R., Barbaree, H. E., 1990. An integrated theory of the etiology of sexual offending. In: Marshall, W. L., Laws, D. R. L., Barbaree, H.E. (Eds.), Handbook of sexual assault. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 257-275.) and cognitive distortions (Ward, T., Keenan, T., Hudson, S. M., 2000. Understanding cognitive, affective, and intimacy deficits in sexual offenders: a developmental perspective. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5, 41–62.).     

Expectations and Realizations: The Role of Expectancies in Achievement Settings

High expectancies of success are widely assumed to have positive effects on performance in achievement situations. However, previous investigations have tended to ignore task difficulty or assume that expectancies affect performance in a linear fashion. In two investigations, we found that (a) expectancies were more closely related to performance at difficult tasks than easy tasks and (b) low expectancies produced the poorest levels of performance, but moderate and high expectancies were equally advantageous. The practical, methodological, and theoretical implications of these findings are considered.This research was supported by a Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation (SBR-8958211) to Jonathon D. Brown, and a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship to Margaret A. Marshall.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Eberhard Jüngel: an Introduction to his Theology by J. B. Webster
Annette Baier Postures of the Mind , xxii+314 pp Methuen, London 1985.
Enlightenment and Alienation: An Essay towards a Trinitarian Tkeology by Colin E. Gunton, Marshall, Morgan and Scott
Brian Hebblethwaite The Christian Hope , ii+244pp. Basingstoke, Hants. Marshall Morgan & Scott.
Kwesi A. Dickson: Theology in Africa (Darton, Longman and Todd
Diogenes Allen, Philosophy For Understanding Theology     

Kicking over the traces: A note in response to Zurif and Piñango (1999)

Zurif and Pi?ango (1999) claimed that they excluded the four agrammatic patients reported by Druks and Marshall (1991) from their review article because two of the patients were nonnative speakers of Hebrew and because the Hebrew sentences we used in our investigations were ungrammatical. In Druks and Marshall (1991) we have shown that the presence or the absence of a trace in two types of Hebrew passives had no effect on the patients' performance. Two patients, without comprehension deficits, performed equally well on both types of passives and two patients, with comprehension deficits, were equally impaired on both types. We remind Zurif and Pi?ango of our previous response to the claims of ungrammaticality of our materials (Druks & Marshall, 1992) and argue that there were no justifiable reasons for excluding these cases from the review. We also comment on Zurif and Pi?ango's (1999) and Grodzinsky's (2000) new proposal that the association of agrammatic comprehension should be with Broca's aphasia and not with agrammatism.     

Philosophy of Religion or Philosophical Theology?

Books reviewed in this article:
Alvin Plantinga Warranted Christian Belief
Bruce Marshall Trinity and Truth     

Kicking over the Traces: A Note in Response to Zurif and Piñango (1999)

Zurif and Piñango (1999) claimed that they excluded the four agrammatic patients reported by Druks and Marshall (1991) from their review article because two of the patients were nonnative speakers of Hebrew and because the Hebrew sentences we used in our investigations were ungrammatical. In Druks and Marshall (1991) we have shown that the presence or the absence of a trace in two types of Hebrew passives had no effect on the patients' performance. Two patients, without comprehension deficits, performed equally well on both types of passives and two patients, with comprehension deficits, were equally impaired on both types. We remind Zurif and Piñango of our previous response to the claims of ungrammaticality of our materials (Druks & Marshall, 1992) and argue that there were no justifiable reasons for excluding these cases from the review. We also comment on Zurif and Piñango's (1999) and Grodzinsky's (2000) new proposal that the association of agrammatic comprehension should be with Broca's aphasia and not with agrammatism.     

Irreducibility and subjectivity

Thanks to Marshall Abrams, Irene Appelbaum, Dan Gilman, Jeff Honnold, and the referees of this journal for their comments on earlier drafts of this paper.     

BOOK REVIEW

Marshall H. Segall, Cross-cultural psychology: human behavior in global perspective. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. 1979. $ 12.95.     

Words in the Thorns: Marshall McLuhan,Testing—One,Two, Three

Marshall McLuhan was a medium with a message. According to McLuhan, technology was not merely a neutral means to a particular end but itself content, itself the stuff of moment and decision. Consequently for McLuhan the telephone, radio, television, and computer transmitted the same information in extremely different ways because of how each worked. To this add McLuhan's conclusion that in the technological age where information travels at the speed of light, the printed word on the paper page was dead, an antiquated way of telling the story.

In the following excerpt from the one-man play I Don't Necessarily Agree with Everything I Say: An Evening Imagined with Marshall McLuhan, writer Miles Beller reanimates the wily “Global Village” guru here puckishly explaining it all, from TV's subsuming part to advertising's Machiavellian heart, from human evolution to the thinking machine revolution. Mixing McLuhan's own words with invented dialogue, a portrait emerges of a whip-smart intellectual provocateur who envisioned our current world long before Steve Jobs or Bill Gates made computing personal, long before books went digital and mail traveled as invisible impulses through the Internet. So, please take your seat. The house lights are dimming, the show about to start. The curtains part and Marshall McLuhan takes center stage, arranges his papers and begins.     

Deutsche Fassung der Therapist Rating Scale-10

The German version of the Therapist Rating Scale-10 (TRS-10) by W.L. and L.E. Marshall is presented. The scale appears to be a suitable method for recording progress in therapy of sexual offenders.     

Testing comprehension abilities in users of British Sign Language following CVA

Recent imaging (e.g., MacSweeney et al., 2002) and lesion (Hickok, Love-Geffen, & Klima, 2002) studies suggest that sign language comprehension depends primarily on left hemisphere structures. However, this may not be true of all aspects of comprehension. For example, there is evidence that the processing of topographic space in sign may be vulnerable to right hemisphere damage (e.g., Hickok, Say, Bellugi, & Klima, 1996), and the influence of iconicity on comprehension has yet to be explored. In this study, comprehension testing was conducted with 15 signers with unilateral brain damage, and with elderly Deaf controls. Four tests were administered: a test of iconic and non-iconic noun comprehension, a test of verb and sentence comprehension, a test of locative sentence comprehension, and a test of classifier comprehension. All tests were administered in British Sign Language (BSL), a language that has only recently been explored with lesioned signers (see Atkinson, Marshall, Thacker, & Woll, 2004; Marshall, Atkinson, Thacker, Woll, & Smulevitch, 2004; Marshall, Atkinson, Woll, & Thacker, in press). People with left hemisphere damage were impaired relative to controls on all tests. Those with right hemisphere damage performed well in the first two tests, but were impaired on locative sentences and classifiers. Neither group showed any effect of iconicity. The results shed further light on the laterality of sign language comprehension.     

Book reviews

Enlightenment and Alienation. Colin Gunton Marshall Morgan and Scott, 1985 166pp. price not marked on paperback edition

Third World Conundrum: A call for Christian partnership. Max Peberdy Paternoster Press, 1986

Kim Knott Hinduism in Leeds: A Study of Religious Practice in the Indian Hindu Community and in Hindu‐Related Groups. Community Relations Project, Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Leeds, 1986.

Kim Knott My Sweet Lord: The Hare Krishna Movement The Aquarian Press, Wellingborough, 1986.112 pp. £4.99     

‘To Whom Say You Your Pater Noster?’: Prayer on the Eve of the Scottish Reformation

In 1551, a resident English Dominican, Richard Marshall, sparked a fierce controversy in St Andrews, Scotland, by arguing in a sermon that the Lord’s Prayer, the ‘Our Father’, should be prayed to God only and not to the saints. According to John Foxe, the dispute led to much cursing, a regional synod, and one Franciscan fleeing the city in disgrace. The St Andrews quarrel was one of many controversies about prayer in sixteenth-century Europe. Why was prayer such a contentious topic? Scottish prayer controversies revealed a fundamental struggle between traditional and reformist views over the value of ritual in relating to God. Protestants like George Wishart, Catholic reformers like Marshall and Archbishop John Hamilton, and more radical ‘devotional humanists’ like the poet, Sir David Lindsay, proclaimed new understandings of prayer that undermined the structures of traditional devotion by pitting the personal and vernacular aspect of prayer against priestly Latin ritual.