象数易道论纲

从"推天道以明人事"这个易道的根本"法门"来说,以"象"、"数"为特殊符号形式和运算法则,以操作者个体的超常心智活动为根本运算机制,从现象"推衍"出某种可以决定现象变化方向和结果的规律性普遍原则,是象数易学的主要内容.象数易学最突出的特点是观念的形式建构,汉代的象数易学通过改变卦序结构,附会律历之学,在阴阳之气的基础上运演阴阳五行的结构变化以体现"一阴一阳"之易道(天道),这种试图将易道完全形式化努力的最终结果是"入于祥",成为一套牵强附会的繁琐哲学,其症结就在于形式化的共识建构对于其成立条件的强烈依赖.只有寻"理"而不执于"理",方有可能实现由知识之"理"向智慧之"道"的飞跃.     

《易经》哲学研究

一、易道定义易道定义,即是易经一书「易」的定义;「易」的定义即易,兹举其要者如次: 1.「易」字本身即是「道」,因为「易」是「日」与「月」组成,日是阳,月是阴;易经上传第五章说:「—阴一阳之谓道。」庄子天下篇也说:「易以道阴阳。」由此可知「易道」的第一个定义就是「阴阳」:易。 2.「生生之谓易」(同上)。因为阴阳和合,即能滋生宇宙、天地、万物与人类。「易道」既为阴阳,当然第二个定     

董仲舒思想的易学底蕴

汉代儒家领军人物董仲舒的主要哲学著作《春秋繁露》蕴含着深厚的易学功底,其哲学基本上是《易经》的阴阳学说的引申,主要体现在:一、“阳尊阴卑”的阴阳观,二、感应论,三、“天地人”三才之道与法天及“与时偕行”的思想,四、“见微知著”的发展规律论,五、“神道设教”与灾异谴告说的内在联系。董子对于易学思想的继承与发扬更具有自觉与圆融的特点,从而使自身的思想与传统易学浑然一体。     

庄子阴阳宇宙观考原

长期以来,人们习惯地认为“阴阳”是《易经》和阴阳家的主题。其实真正“道阴阳”的不是《易经》作者,也不是“阴阳家”,而是道家庄子。庄子宇宙观的最高范畴“道”与阴阳直接关联,“阴阳”在庄子宇宙图式中是与“道”二而一的概念。但庄子的阴阳观念从何而来却是一个十分复杂的课题。从道家和南方原始宗教的关系考察,庄子阴阳(或阴阳之气)观念主要起源于南方的“”(枚卜),同时,与当时具有严重巫术意味的天文观测“望气”有关,其最终形成可能是和望气两种原始宗教活动相糅合的产物。     

引史证经:杨万里的易学历史哲学北大核心CSSCISSCI

南宋杨万里的易学"引史"以"证经",辟宋代易学发展之新路,于其中颇有历史哲学之精神。他认为《易》与"史"有着密切的关系:《易》确立起大中至正的形上之道,"史"则将此形上之道贯彻、落到实处;人们以"史"为鉴,就能更好地按《易》道所确立的精神行动。在此基础上,他提出"《易》形天下无形之理、穷天下无穷之事"的观点,强调人们的历史认识具有客观的性质;"易道之用存乎变",历史的变化是必然的过程;"易道之体存乎常",历史的发展具有其自身的法则、规律;"易道之行存乎人",人在历史发展中居于主体的地位,从而构成其独具特色的易学历史哲学理论体系。     

帛书易传《要》篇"五正"考释

马王堆帛书《要》篇有“五正”一词,乃为古代易学讲君道的特定术语。其内容是帝王取度于身所建立的规矩绳权衡五种法度,与八卦中的某些卦、四时和五方等相配纳,而形成的易学模式。此配纳模式说明,君主布施规矩绳权衡五正,其旨在因顺阴阳、谐和四时、理顺五行,以达致天人祥和的理想政治境界。此古《易》“五正”的要义,是君道合于天地、阴阳之道。     

权能与场有:行依论——易道的诠释(二)

§14 三才与三极:易道开显的存有格局而《易经》哲学正是以“三如实”的求真态度为出发点的超切主义哲学。《易经》的语言基本上乃是诠释易道的哲学语言。而所谓“易道”,用《系辞传》的术语来说,就是“三才之道”或“三极之道”。“三才”就是“天、地、人”,“三极”就是天极之道,地极之道、人极之道。在中国先秦的哲学里,“才”与“气”都是权能的代名词,而“极”则含有“如实之道“或”真之极致”的意思。“三才”中的“天地”(“天”与“地”的合言)就是权能场有;天地之道也就是权能     

论易道与天道、地道、人道合一

通行本《系辞传》有“道”字29个。如:“乾道”、“坤道”、“三极之道”、“天地之道”、“道济天下”、“昼夜之道”、“阴阳之道”、“君子之道”、“道义”、“显道”、“变化之道”、“圣人之道”、“天下之道”、“天之道”、“形上之道”、“日月之道”、“小人之道”、“为道”、“道”、“天道”、“地道”、“人道”、“其道”、“易之道”。我们可以将这些“道”简单地归纳为四类:a、天道:b、地道:c、人道:d、易道天道与地道合而言之曰“天地之道”。天道、地道、人道合而言之曰“三极之道”。     

试论陈致虚的道教易学思想

本文主要分析了陈致虚道教易学的内丹学思想的理论特色。陈致虚以《周易》之理来建构其内丹学的思想体系,提出了“易只阴阳两件物事”、“易之道道数也”、“易之道统乎天心”等三条道教内丹学的原则。认为道教内丹修炼是法天地阴阳造化生生之理而进行的,天地造化就是太极或道的展开过程,修道即是要回复到道本身。而天地造化之功不离阴阳两件物事,所以,内丹修炼不离阴阳。“阴阳”为道之纲纪,向道复归的路径为“逆”,“天心”即天地造化生生的节度和有序性,内丹修炼通过调和“阴阳”,以“逆”的方式法“天心”而施功,便能参赞天地之化育,以论还丹。陈致虚通过“援易入道”,在对本体之道的理解、修持的原理、证道的方法等内丹学的重要理论问题上作出了具有特色的阐述,为宋元时期成熟的道教内丹学的理论体系的建立作出了贡献。     

论孔颖达"备包有无"的易道观

唐初易学呈现出融合汉魏的特色,孔颖达的《周易正义》是其杰出之代表。孔疏认为易道“备包有无”,孔疏中的“无”不是单纯的某种实体或属性,它具有多层含义,是对汉易元气发生论和玄学易无本论的融合创造,是其易学的形上学; 而“有”就是宇宙万有,孔疏将宇宙万有统摄于易象之中,认为易象是宇宙万有的符示涵摄者,由之提出了灵活开放的易象观;以之为基础,在乾坤父母说之上将易学六十四卦系统诠释成了一个流变互通的意义世界。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.