中外公务员医疗保障法律制度的比较研究

许多国家和地区对公务员提供比较专门的医疗保障待遇,如西班牙、韩国和日本.我国公务员在享受基本医疗保险以外,为了确保公务员医疗保障待遇不降低,我国建立了公务员医疗补助制度.通过对各国公务员医疗保障制度立法、保障经费来源及保障水平的比较,对我国完善公务员医疗保障制度提出了建议.     

巴西医疗保障体系

从巴西医疗保障体系的建立、资金筹集和使用等方面介绍巴西医疗保障体系,重点关注巴西全民统一医疗制度。鉴于巴西与我国在卫生系统绩效和医疗保障制度改革中所面临的相似挑战,试图通过对巴西医疗保障体系比较详细地介绍及与我国进行简单的对比,总结成功经验、吸取教训为我国建立全民覆盖的医疗保障体系提供借鉴和参考。     

巴西医疗保障体系

从巴西医疗保障体系的建立、资金筹集和使用等方面介绍巴西医疗保障体系,重点关注巴西全民统一医疗制度.鉴于巴西与我国在卫生系统绩效和医疗保障制度改革中所面临的相似挑战,试图通过对巴西医疗保障体系比较详细地介绍及与我国进行简单的对比,总结成功经验、吸取教训为我国建立全民覆盖的医疗保障体系提供借鉴和参考.     

新加坡医疗保障体系的特点及对我国的启示

新加坡的卫生状况在国际上处于较高水平,得到了世界卫生组织的较好评价,本文主要介绍了新加坡医疗保障体系在医疗费用的分担、体系的完善、资金的筹集方式和报销制度等方面的特点,并结合我国的具体国情和医疗保障体系的现状,总结了其对我国医疗保障体系建立和完善的几点启示。     

新加坡医疗保障体系的特点及对我国的启示

新加坡的卫生状况在国际上处于较高水平,得到了世界卫生组织的较好评价,本文主要介绍了新加坡医疗保障体系在医疗费用的分担、体系的完善、资金的筹集方式和报销制度等方面的特点,并结合我国的具体国情和医疗保障体系的现状,总结了其对我国医疗保障体系建立和完善的几点启示.     

一体化医疗保障的理论释义与实践推进

从法理学、政治学、行政学意义上讲,建立一体化医疗保障有着重要的意义。一体化医疗保障应突破医疗保障一体化的思维限制,从医疗保障体系内部及外部思考其内涵与外延。现实中,我国一体化医疗保障主要是从医疗保障体系的扩容及保疗保障内部的一体化进行探索,医疗保障呈现碎片化和模糊化的状态,离一体化医疗保障的目标还有一定距离。一体化医疗保障的推进,需要从顶层设计上整合并细化医疗保障制度体系,从管理体系上形成整体性治理,推进贫困群体的识别机制与信息管理、保障基金预算与支出管理、医疗保障与医疗服务的一体化。     

论转型期我国完善医疗保障制度的必要性

通过回顾我国医疗保障制度建立、发展与改革的历史,对我国社会转型期医疗保障制度所面临的困难和问题进行了分析.在此基础上提出了我国加快完善多层次医疗保障体系的客观必然性.     

高校学生医疗保障制度改革的设想：目标、原则与模式

提出了高校学生医疗保障制度改革的目标是建立与我国经济发展水平相适应的新的医疗保障制度,指出改革应遵循公平、责任共担和强制性等原则,并构建了以社会基本医疗保险为基础,以医疗救助和补充医疗保险为辅助的高校学生医疗保障新模式。     

政府责任与医疗弱势群体的医疗保障

本文系统探讨政府承担弱势群体医疗保障责任的问题。针对我国的实际情况,首先提出了“医疗弱势群体”的概念;然后以部分发达国家的实际作法为背景探讨了政府承担弱势群体医疗保障责任的理论与法理基础;随后分析了我国政府承担弱势群体医疗保障责任的历史与现状;最后,就我国政府承担医疗弱势群体医疗保障责任的总体思路等问题提出了建议。作者提出,政府不能逃避其应该承担的责任;要改变目前首先为有一定经济能力的人提供医疗保障的做法,优先解决医疗弱势群体的医疗保障问题;目前我国已具备将弱势群体一次性纳入医疗保障体系的财政能力。     

农村医疗保障体制构建模式的选择——多层次农村医疗保障制度体系

目前农村医疗保障实行的新型农村合作医疗制度体系,很难保障农村居民的基本医疗卫生服务的需求。提出构建包括卫生防疫与基础保健功能的基础层,新型农村合作医疗制度的主体层,农村医疗救助制度的最低层,商业性医疗保险的补充层的多层次农村医疗保障制度体系,以有效解决农村居民对医疗卫生服务不同层次的需要。     

应当建立科学的医疗纠纷技术鉴定体制

现行的医疗纠纷技术鉴定模式年来在解决医疗纠纷中起到了重要作用,但随着卫生改革的进一步深化和法制的日趋健全,以及人们法律意识的不断提高它的缺陷也日益突出。应当建立新的医疗技术鉴定管理体制,鉴定委员会的人员鸺成,增强医疗技术透明度,建立时效制度和回避制度。     

Possession and Medicine in South Central India

Possession is a powerful and surprisingly prevalent belief system in many parts of the developing world. In India it is common for many reasons—isolation, illiteracy, polyglotism, lack of an adequate medical infrastructure, a need for hope. Possession, and the practice of exorcism, is more than just an explanatory system based on superstition and folk lore. It is also an important social structure and force that allows the integration of the sick into the community of the well, and facilitates a first albeit tentative step from the local community to the medical community. In many parts of India, health care delivery as well as social organization is through the practice of possession. Thus, the role and power of possession needs to be appreciated if one seeks to affect health care delivery in India, and further possession should be appreciated if one seeks to better understand how some of its forces might in fact be curative.     

Prospective payment: its impact on psychology's role in health care

This article describes the new Medicare payment system based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and its impact on professional psychology. DRGs represent medically oriented notions about how many inpatient days a prudent physician needs to effectively treat a patient who suffers from a specified disease. However, for the most part, DRGs ignore the behavioral variables that moderate entry into the tertiary care system and the subsequent use of hospital resources. Under DRGs, the development and use of behavioral treatments for somatic disorders could be discouraged. For example, many newer behavioral medicine techniques may be more time-consuming and/or expensive than traditional treatment options (e.g., bed rest vs. biofeedback for low back pain) and thus not fall within the time period or "trim points" alloted for such disorder, regardless of comparative effectiveness. Also, under the new system, psychologists can no longer bill separately for their inpatient services. It is argued that the framers of health care policies should recognize and support health psychologists in light of the fact that many of their techniques can reduce the cost and consumption of health care through programs that: reduce behavioral risk factors, increase compliance with medical regimens, and prepare patients psychologically for stressful medical procedures.     

关于医学哲学逻辑起点的思考——兼与刘虹教授商榷

人的生命存在在医学哲学理论体系中具有最抽象、最简单、最根本的规定性。医学哲学的其它概念都是人的生命存在的逻辑展开和转化。同时,人的生命存在是人的健康的先决条件,而健康只是人的生命存在的一种样态。因之,医学哲学应以人的生命存在作为其逻辑起点。     

Religiousness and Mental Health: Systematic Review Study

Many people use religious beliefs and practices to cope with stressful life events and derive peace of mind and purpose in life. The goal of this paper was to systematically review the recent psychological literature to assess the role of religion in mental health outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using medical and psychological databases on the relationship between religiosity and mental health. Seventy-four articles in the English and Arabic languages published between January 2000 and March 2012 were chosen. Despite the controversial relationship between religion and psychiatry, psychology, and medical care, there has been an increasing interest in the role which spirituality and religion play in mental health. The findings of past research showed that religion could play an important role in many situations, as religious convictions and rules influence the believer’s life and health care. Most of the past literature in this area reported that there is a significant connection between religious beliefs and practices and mental health.     

人权视野下的个人健康权与选择权

从人权的角度看,个人健康权也是一种个人选择权,因为健康本来就是属于个人的。个人健康选择权在属性上,属于一种消极性、否定性和自由性的权利。个人健康选择权主要包括健康生活方式、治疗方式、保健方式、健康状态（水平）、健康隐私以及医疗保障组织选择。农村新型合作医疗是带有合作组织的性质的一种组织,它的推行,应当充分尊重农民自愿参加的选择权,不宜按照某个计划目标推行。     

The Problem of Integrating Behavioral Health in the Medical Home and the Questions It Leads to

Psychology and other behavioral health professions have amassed a broad empirical and clinical literature suggesting many medical presentations are best responded to with the addition of evidence based behavioral interventions. Despite this, psychology has not achieved a regular presence as part of medical practice. We suggest specific reasons for the current state of affairs including clinical, operational, societal labels, financial and training dimensions. Medical, psychological, administrative, and financial perspectives are reviewed. If the goals of health care system reform are to be reached then we must identify and challenge the current limitations of health care. This paper will identify the elements that need to be changed in order for psychology to be integrated into medicine rather than excluded from its policy, planning and operations.     

略论“协和模式”的形成及其社会影响

北京协和医学院在中国现代医学史上占有重要的历史地位,对于我国医学教育和医疗卫生事业发展起到了不可忽视的推动作用。它在办学实践过程中形成了一套颇具特色的医学教育模式,培养出大批杰出的科研专家、学者和医疗工作者,为中国现代医学发展和医疗卫生制度建设做出了杰出贡献,积累了宝贵经验。     

抑郁症的流行病学研究与预防——读《中国人群死亡及其危险因素流行水平、趋势和分布》有感

根据《中国人群死亡及其危险因素流行水平、趋势和发布》的报告和相关研究表明,全世界约有1亿人患有抑郁症,且数量有增无减,抑郁症将成为本世纪一种相当流行的病症.由于抑郁症是一种患病率高,严重危害人类身心健康,具有高自杀风险的精神疾病,更需要我们采取措施积极预防.目前采用的主要预防方法有:积极的心理健康教育、处理好家庭与社会的关系、社会支持、心理调适和体育锻炼等.