On the Issues of Transcendental Argument

The transcendental approach initiated by Immanuel Kant and Peter Strawson has been the most representative contemporary exponent of this line of thinking. Barry Stroud understands this form of transcendental argument as relying on an empirical “verification principle” and hence he rejects it as unnecessary. Nevertheless, Stroud’s view is only warranted to a certain extent. In some non-empirical objective spheres, including concepts and propositions as regards general metaphysics, moral metaphysics and philosophy of religion, the transcendental approach is still necessary. In terms of quality, transcendental approach belongs to “conceptual argumentation,” which differs from experience and logic with the fundamental characteristic of setting up a theoretical antecedent before further inquiry at the level of doctrine, i.e., concepts.     

Issues in the Transition to Teams

The process of retrofit change from traditional work structures to a team structure is described from the viewpoint of employees engaged in the process. Results of extensive interviews and factor analysis of a questionnaire administered to a large group of incipient team members revealed four general factors of concern in this transition to teams. Relationships between these factors and performance improvement over time were found.     

关于医学专业精神的几个问题

职业与专业有所不同。医学专业精神基于医学专业的特点而产生,起着维护医学专业的社会责任和规范医疗行为的作用。医学专业的核心理念是病人健康利益高于一切,且具有历史的继承性与时代性的特点。医疗自治权的获得是医学专业形成和医学专业精神从自发走向自觉的标志。医学专业精神首先依赖医生的自律,但同时也需要来自外界的社会调控。     

沉没成本效应中的心理学问题

沉没成本效应是一种常见的非理性行为。本文从心理学角度对其进行了系统地介绍。文章概括了沉没成本及沉没成本效应的定义,沉没成本的种类和发生领域,并用心理学理论对沉没成本效应进行了解释。此外．文章还讨论了沉没成本的逆效应以及影响沉没成本效应的主要因素。     

Issues in the psychology of religious conversion

Conclusion Such are the issues that two psychologists with theological training and ministerial ordination draw from social science literature as it relates to religious conversion. Few, if any, of these issues are settled definitively. There is a great need for solid, responsible research, not to prove or disprove, but simply to understand, predict, and, where desirable, control. For these are the goals of science. Before research can be productive, however, these are the goals of science. Before research can be productive, however, there is need for theoretical development. Inadequate conceptualization, especially of necessary distinctions and discriminations, has handicapped the scientific investigation of religion almost as much as a limited tool kit. But the signs of the times regarding social scientific investigation of conversion are hopeful. Especially to be recommended for further research by someone well acquainted with the field of religious conversion is the vast literature in social psychology on opinions, attitudes, and beliefs. Perhaps we can continue the process of knowledge-building that began so promisingly in the first three decades of the century and then stopped on a plateau.This article is a revision of a paper presented at The First National Faith and Order Colloquium of the National Council of Churches, Chicago, June 12–17, 1966.