Democratic presumptions

At the Leading Edge: New Visions of Science, Spirituality, and Society. Michael Toms, 4936 State Route 414, Burdett, New York: Larson Publications, 1991. Softcover, 386 pp. U.S. $14.95.

A Dream Deferred: America's Discontent and the Search for a New Democratic Ideal, Philip Slater, Beacon, Boston, $19.95, 1991, ISBN 0–8070–4304–4

The American Replacement of Nature, William Irwin Thompson, Doubleday, New York, $20, 1991, ISBN 0,385–42025–0

Reimagination of the World, A Critique of the New Age, Science, and Popular Culture, David Spangler and William Irwin Thompson, Bear and Company, Santa Fe, New Mexico, $12.95, 1991, ISBN 0–939680–92–0

The New Evolutionary Paradigm, Ervin Laszlo, (Ed.), Gordon &; Breach, New York, $60 (libraries) $36 (individuals), 1991, ISBN 2–88124–375–4

The Evolutionary Approach for Social Scientists, Ignazio Masulli, Gordon &; Breach, New York, $50 (libraries) $30 (individuals), 1991, ISBN 2–88124–376–2

The Fifth Discipline. The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Peter M. Senge, Doubleday, New York, $19.95, 1990, ISBN 0–385–26094–6

Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation: Speciation and Innovation, Lynn Margulis and Rene Fester (Eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, $37.50, 454, Includes Index

One Earth, One Future: Our Changing Global Environment, Cheryl Simon Silver (with Ruth S. Defries for the National Academy of Sciences), National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., $14.95, 196, Includes Index

Toward a Transpersonal Ecology: Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism, Warwick Fox, Shambhala, Boston, MA, $16.95, 380, Includes Index

Gaia, A Way of Knowing: Political Implications of the New Biology, William Irwin Thompson (Ed.), The Lindisfarne Press, Great Barrington, MA, $10.95, 216

Gaia 2: Emergence, The New Science of Becoming, William Erwin Thompson, The Lindisfarne Press, Hudson, NY, $14.95, 272

A Replicative Perspective On Evolutionary Dynamics: The Organizing Process of the US Economy Elaborated Through Biological Metaphor, Mika Pantzar, Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland, 274

Societal Systems: Planning, Policy and Complexity &; A Science of Generic Design: Managing Complexity through Systems Design, Vol I and II, John N. Warfield, Intersystems Publications, Salinas, CA, 1989 and 1990     

BOOK REVIEW

The Evolving Mind BEN GOERTZEL, Gordon and Breach, 1993, cloth. ISBN 2–88124–587–0, pp. 260, index

From Power to Partnership: Creating the Future of Love, Work, and Community ALFONSO MONTUORI AND ISABELLA CONTI San Francisco: HarperSanFrisco. 1993, paper. ISBN 0–06–250548–3, $13.00 USD pp. 281 includes index

Applied Chaos Theory: A Paradigm For Complexity A. B. CAMBEL, Academic Press, 1993, cloth; pp. 260, index; 38 USD     

Environment as heritage

The Rise of Environmentalism in Museums by Jean Davallon, Gérald Grandmont and Bernard Schiele, with the collaboration of Marie‐Charlotte De Koninck. Quebec, Musee de la civilisation, 1992,278 pages, no price given, ISBN 2–551–12953–2 (English language edition), 2–7297–0436–1 (French language edition)     

Book reviews

What is Mathematics, Really?. Reuben Hersh, 1997 New York, Oxford University Press xxiv+343, $CAN 51.95, $US 35.00, ISBN 0–19–511368–3

Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and Ontology. Stewart Shapiro, 1997. Oxford, Oxford University Press x + 277, $CAN 73.95, ISBN 0–19–509452–2     

Book reviews

Time's Arrow and Archimedes’ Point: New Directions for the Physics of Time Huw PRICE, 1996 New York, Oxford University Press xiii + 306 pp. SCAN 37.00 (hardcover) ISBN 0–19–510095–6

Mental Reality GALEN STRAWSON, 1994 Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press xiv + 337 pp., S37.50 (cloth), $17.50 (paper) ISBN 0–262–19352–3 (paper)

The Rule of Reason: The Philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce JACQUELINE BRUNNING & PAUL FORSTER, Eds, 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto Press 316 pp., $80.00 (hardcover), $24.95 (paperback) ISBN 0–8020–0829–1 (cloth), ISBN 0–8020–7819–2 (paper)

Scientific Knowledge: A Sociological Approach BARRY BARNES, DAVID BLOOR & JOHN HENRY, 1996 Chicago, University of Chicago Press xvi + 230 pp., ISBN 0–226–03730–4 (cloth), 0–226–03713–2 (paperback)

The Scientific Revolution STEVEN SHAPIN, 1996 Chicago, University of Chicago Press x + 218 pp., ISBN 0–226–75020–5 (cloth), 0–226–75021–3 (paperback)     

Book reviews and notes

General

Islam and Islamic Groups: A Worldwide Reference Guide. Farzana Shaikh (ed.), 1992. London, Longman. x + 316 pp., hb £85.00, ISBN 0–582–09146–2.

Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Vol. 2: The Contemporary Period. Andrew Rippin, 1993. London & New York, Routledge. 171 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0–415–04527–4; pb. £12.99, 0–415–04528–2.

The Medieval Spains. Bernard F. Reilly, 1993. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 228 pp., pb. £10.95, ISBN 0–521–39741–3.

Muhyiddin Ibn ^cArabi: A Commemorative Volume. Stephen Hirtenstein and Michael Tiernan (eds), 1993. London, Element Books. 379 pp., hb. n.p., ISBN 1–85230–349–2; pb. n.p., 1–85230–395.

Bulletin d'Etudes Orientales: Sciences Occultes et Islam. Annick Regour and Pierre Lory (eds), 1992. Damas, Institut Français de Damas. pb. n.p., ISBN 2–901315–04–6. ISSN 0253–1623.

Traditional Islam in the Modern World. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 1990. London, Kegan Paul International Ltd. 335 pp., pb. no price, ISBN 0–7103–0332–7.

The Renewal of Islamic Law: Muhammad Baqer Al‐Sadr, Najaf and the Shi'i International. Chibli Mallat, 1993. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 245 pp., hb. £30.00, ISBN 0–521–43319–3.

Power‐Sharing Islam. Azzam Tamini (ed.), 1993. London, Liberty for Muslim World Publications. 192 pp., pb. £9.95, ISBN 0–9521672–0–4.

The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam. Taha Jabir Al‐'Alwani, 1993. Herndon, VA, International Institute of Islamic Thought. 158 pp., pb. n.p., ISBN 1–56564–118–3.

Regional Africa

Muslim Idenity and Social Changes in sub-Saharan Africa. L. Brenner (ed.), 1993. London, C. Hurst & Co. Ltd. 250 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 1–85065–195–7; pb. £10.50, 1–85065–196–5.

Windows on the Sudan: A Story of Pain and Pride. Timothy Biles, 1991. Dorset, Brenda Travers, 2nd edn. 164 pp., pb. £4.99, ISBN 0–9517915–0–8.

Sudan: History, Identity, Ideology. Herve Bleuchot, Christian Delmet and Derek Hopwood (eds), 1991. Reading, Ithaca Press. 298 pp., hb. £25.00, ISBN 0–86372–149–4.

Religion and Power in Morocco. Henry Munson Jr., 1993. New Haven & London, Yale University Press. 232 pp., hb. £19.95, ISBN 0–300–95376–2.

Lé Passe de la Ville de Sale dans tous ses Etats: Histoire, Archéologie, Archives. Joudia Hassar‐Benslimane, 1992. Paris, Editions Maisonneuve et Larose. 291 pp. no price, pb., ISBN 2–7068–1039–4.

Der Heiligenkult in Marokko: Formen und Funktionen der Wallfahrten. Hubert Lang, 1992. Passau, Passavia Universitatsverlag. 235 pp., pb. DM 49.80, ISBN 3–860360–06‐X.

Insoumissions Populaires et Révolution au Burkina Faso. Richard Banégas, 1993. Bordeaux, Centre d'Étude d'Afrique Noire. 148 pp., pb. 110FF, ISBN 2–908065–18–5.

Pragmatism in the Age of Jihad: The Precolonial State of Bundu. Michael A. Gomez, 1992. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 252 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0–521–41940–9.

Peace is Everything: The World View of Muslims and Traditionalists in the Senegambia. David E. Marantz, 1900. Dallas, TX, International Museum of Cultures. 300 pp., pb. $32.00, ISBN 0–88312–816–0.

Europe

Muslims and Christians in Europe: Breaking New Ground. Essays in Honour of Jan Slomp. Gé Speelman, Jan van Lin and Dick Mulder (eds), 1993. Kampen, Uitgeverij Kok. 211 pp., pb. n.p., ISBN 90–242–8064–8.

Religion. Central Office of Information, 1992. London, HMSO. 80 pp., pb. £5.00, ISBN 0–11–701704–3.

The Migration Process: Capital, Gifts and Offerings among British Pakistanis. Pnina Werbner, 1990. Oxford, Berg. 391 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0–85496–625–0.

Moscow's Muslim Challenge: Soviet Central Asia. Michael Rywkin, 1990. Revised ed, Armonk, NY, M. E. Sharpe. 180 pp., hb. $45.00, ISBN 0–87332–613‐X.

State Religion and Society in Central Asia: A Post‐Soviet Critique. Vitaly Naumkin (ed.), 1993. Reading, Ithaca Press. 289 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0–86372–162–1.

Russia's Muslim Frontiers: New Directions in Cross‐Cultural Analysis. Dale F. Eickelman (ed.), 1993. Bloomington, Indiana University Press. 206 pp., pb. £11.99, ISBN 0–253–20823–8.

Middle East

Coexistence in Wartime Lebanon: Decline of a State and Rise of a Nation. Theodor Hanf, 1993. London, I. B. Tauris with The Centre for Lebanese Studies. xvii + 712 pp., hb. £45.00, ISBN 1–85043–651–7.

Russian Policy in the Middle East: From Messianism to Pragmatism. Alexei Vassilev, 1993. Reading, Ithaca Press. 384 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0–86372–168–0.

Christian‐Muslim Relations

Stepping Stones to a Global Ethic. Marcus Braybrooke, 1992. London, SCM Press. 151 pp., pb. £9.95, ISBN 0–334–01574‐X.

A Greek and Arabic Lexicon, Materials for a Dictionary of the Mediaeval Translations from Greek into Arabic. Gerhard Endress and Dimitri Gutas (eds), 1992. Fascicle, 1. Leiden, New York, Köln, E. J. Brill. 96 pp., plus glossary, pb. DFL80.00, $45.75, ISBN 90–04–09494–6.

Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam: Contacts and Conflicts 1596–1950. Karel Steenbrink, Translated by J. Steenbrink and H. Jansen, 1993. Amsterdam‐Atlanta, GA, Rodopi. 170 pp., hb. £18.50, ISBN 90–5183–267–2.

Wandering Like a Madman. Timothy Biles, 1992. Dorset, Beaminster Team Publications. 134 pp., pb. £4.99, ISBN 09517915–1–6.     

The 2×2 achievement goal framework in a physical education context

ObjectivesTo examine the 2×2 achievement goal framework (which crosses the task–ego and approach–avoidance distinctions) in a physical education context. The psychometric properties of the 2×2 Achievement Goals in Physical Education Questionnaire were tested and correlates of distinct achievement goal profiles were examined in two Asian samples.MethodTwo cross-sectional studies involving youth aged 11–18 years (total N=995) from Singapore.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses supported the factor structure of the 2×2 achievement goal framework in the physical education context. Factorial invariance across gender and athletic status was supported through multi-group analysis. Four distinct clusters were identified, and linked to patterns of psychological characteristics and outcomes.ConclusionAchievement goal researchers in sport and exercise psychology may wish to make use of the 2×2 achievement goal framework. The intraindividual approach to achievement goal profiles is valuable, yet underutilized at present. However, important questions regarding differences in approach and avoidance motivation across cultures require further research.     

Book reviews

Darwin's Dangerous Idea, Daniel C. Dennett, 1995. London, Penguin. 587 pp., hbk £25, ISBN: 0–713–99090–2

Verificationism: Its History and Prospects, C. J. Misak, 1995. London and New York, Routledge. xviii + 254 pp. ISBN: 0–415–12597–9(hbk); 0–415–12598–7(pbk)

Abductive Inference: Computation, Philosophy, Technology, John R. Josephson & Susan G. Josephson (Eds), 1994. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 306 pp.

Physics and Metaphysics. Theories of Space and Time, Jennifer Trusted, 1994. London, Routledge 210 pp.     

Introduction

Sacred Pleasure: Sex, Myth, and the Politics of the Body, by Riane Eisler. Harper San Francisco, 495 pages. $15.00, 1996 paperback edition, ISBN 0–06–250283–2; $25.00, 1995 cloth edition, ISBN 0–06–250293‐x.     

Book Reviews

The Economics of Science: Methodology and Epistemology as if Economics Really Mattered. James R. Wible, 1998. London and New York, Routledge. xviii + 266 pp., US$75.00, £45.00. ISBN 0–415–17257–8

The Dawning of Gauge Theory. Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh, 1997. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press. ix + 249 pp., $US 69.50 (hardback), $US 29.95 (paperback). ISBN 0–691–02978–4 (hardback), 0–691–02977–6 (paperback)

Mathematics as a Science of Patterns. Michael D. Resnik, 1997. Oxford, Clarendon Press. ISBN 0–19–823608–5

Proof Theory and Automated Deduction. Jean Goubault‐Larrecq & Ian Mackie, 1997. Dordrecht, Kluwer. xv+ 425 pp., $US 155, £96. ISBN 0–7923–4593–2 (hardback)     

THE MANY LIVES OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHY

Studies in Greek Philosophy. Gregory Vlastos. Edited by Daniel W. Graham. Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1995. Volume I The Presocratics pp. xxxiv + 389; Volume II Socrates, Plato, and Their Tradition pp. xxiv + 349. £40 per volume (hb.), ISBN 0–691–03310–2, 0–691–03311–0; £14.50 per volume (pb.), ISBN 0–691–01937–1, 0–691–01938‐X.     

Early responses to Hume

Frankreich und Niederlande. Herausgegeben von Jean‐Pierre Schobinger. Basel: Schwabe, 1993. Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie, begründet von Friedrich Ueberweg, völlig neubearbeitete Ausgabe. Die Philosophie des 17. Jahrhunderts, Band 2. 2 vols (with continuous pagination), xxxiii, 1144 pp. ISBN 3–7965–0934–7. Price: 230 Swiss francs. Enclosed separately: Gesamtvorwort, xx pp.     

Book reviews and notes

THE RUSHDIE FILE. By L. Appignanesi and S. Maitland. London: Fourth Estate, 1989. 258pp. £5.95. ISBN 0–947795–84–7.

BE CAREFUL WITH MUHAMMAD! — THE SALMAN RUSHDIE AFFAIR. By S.Akhtar. London: Bellew, 1989. 136pp. £6.95. ISBN 0–947792–27–9.

A SATANIC AFFAIR: SALMAN RUSHDIE AND THE RAGE OF ISLAM. By M. Ruthven. London: Chatto & Windus, 1990. 184pp. £14.95. ISBN 0–7011–3591–3.

LES NOMS DIVINS EN ISLAM. By Daniel Gimaret. Collection Patrimoines. Paris: Cerf, 1988. 448pp. FF295.00. ISBN 2–204–02828–2.

DIE FESTUNG DES GLAUBENS: TRIUMPH UND SCHEITERN DES ISLAMISCHEN RATIONALISMUS IM 11. JAHRHUNDERT. By Tilman Nagel. München: Beck, 1988. 423pp. Hardback, DM94.00. ISBN 3–406–33280–3.

ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY FOUNDATIONS. Edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987. 450pp. Hardback, £39.50. ISBN 0–7102–1097–3.

ALLÄH TRANSCENDENT: STUDIES IN THE STRUCTURE AND SEMIOTICS OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY, THEOLOGY AND COSMOLOGY. By Ian Richard Netton. London and New York: Routlege, 1989. xiii + 383pp. Hardback, £45.00. ISBN Hb. 0–415–01893–5.

MUSLIM PREACHER IN THE MODERN WORLD. By Richard T. Antoun. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1989. 289pp. Hardback, $49.50; paperback, £15.95. ISBN Hb. 0–691–09441–1; Pb. 0–691–02847.

DISCOVERING ISLAM: MAKING SENSE OF MUSLIM HISTORY AND SOCIETY. By Akbar S. Ahmed. London: Routledge, 1988. 251pp. Hardback £25.00; paperback £9.95. ISBN Hb. 0–7102–1049–3; pb. 0–415–03930–4.

OUVERTURES SUR L'ISLAM. (New Perspectives on Islam). By Mohammad Arkoun. Paris: Jacques Grancher, 1989. 189pp. FF69.00. ISSN 0993–5754.

AL MUWATTA OF IMAM MALIK IBN ANAS: THE FIRST FORMULATION OF ISLAMIC LAW. Translated by Aisha Abdurrahman Bewley. London: Kegan Paul International, 1989. xxxvii + 464pp. ISBN 07103–0351–0.

ARAB HISTORY AND THE NATION‐STATE: A STUDY IN MODERN ARAB HISTORIOGRAPHY 1820–1980. By Youssef M. Choueiri. London: Routledge, 1989. 238pp. Hardback, n.p. ISBN 0–415–13113–3.

ÇABRA HACHMA: SEXUALTTE ET TRADITION. By Lilia Labidi. Tunis: Dar Annawras, 1989. 427pp. FF130.00. ISBN 9–973–733–00–2.

THE ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK: A CASE STUDY OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION. By S.A. Meenai. London: Kegan Paul International, 1989. xii + 226pp. Hardback, £65.00. ISBN 0–7103–0329–7.

THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF JUSTICE: LAW AS CULTURE IN ISLAMIC SOCIETY. By Lawrence Rosen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 101pp. Paperback, £7.50. ISBN 0–521–36740–9.

THE QUR’ Än IN ISLAM: ITS IMPACT AND INFLUENCE ON THE LIFE OF MUSLIMS. By ‘Allämah Sayyid M. H. Tabätabä'i. London: Zahra Publications, 1987. 118pp. n.p. ISBN 0–7103–0266–5.

JOURNEY OF THE UNIVERSE AS EXPOUNDED IN THE QUR’ ÄN. By SHAYKH FADHLALLA HAERI. London: KPI and Zahra Publications, 1985.102pp. Hardback £15.00. ISBN 0–7103–0149–9.

THE CIRCLING SONG. By N. El Saadawi. London: Zed Books, 1989. 88pp. Hardback, £7.95; paperback, £3.95. ISBN Hb. 0–86232–816–0; Pb. 0–86232–817–9.

MYSTICAL ISLAM: AN INTRODUCTION TO SUFISM. By J. baldick. London: I.B. Tauris, 1989. 192pp. Hardback, £24.95. ISBN 1–85043–137X.

THE MUSLIM CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AFRICA AND SPAIN. By A. D. Taha. London: Routledge, 1989. 280pp. Hardback, £49.50. ISBN 0–415–00474–8.

WA AND THE WALA: ISLAM AND POLITY IN NORTHWESTERN GHANA. By I. Wilks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 256pp. Hardback, £27.50. ISBN 0–521–36210–5.

LIBYA, CHAD AND THE CENTRAL SAHARA. By John Wright. London: Hurst, 1989. 168pp. Hardback, £23.00. ISBN 1–85065–050–0.

PRELUDE TO THE MAHDIYYA: PEASANTS AND TRADERS IN THE SHENDI REGION. By A. Bj?rkelo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 192pp. Hardback £25.00. ISBN 0–521–35336‐X.

RELIGION IN CALABAR: THE RELIGIOUS LIFE AND HISTORY OF A NIGERIAN TOWN. By R. I. J. Hackett. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1989. 481pp. DM158.00. ISBN 0–89925–394–6.

FRANCE AND ISLAM IN WEST AFRICA, 1860–1960. By Christopher Harrison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 242pp. £25.00. ISBN 0–521‐ 35230–4.

ROOTS OF NORTH INDIAN SHT'ISM IN IRAN AND IRAQ: RELIGION AND STATE IN AWADH 1722–1859. By J. R. I. COLE. Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies, vol. 6. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988. xiv + 32pp. $38.00. ISBN 0–520–05641–8.

ISLAM IN ASIA: RELIGION, POLITICS AND SOCIETY. By John L. Esposito. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. 272pp. n.p. ISBN 0–19–504082–3.

THE CRESCENT IN THE EAST: ISLAM IN ASIA MAJOR. Edited by Raphael Israeli. London: Curzon Press, 1989 (rpt. of the first ed.: Curzon Press, 1981). 245pp. £6.75. ISBN O‐7007–0219–9. In the USA: Riverdale, MD 20737: The Riverdale Company, 1989. ISBN 0–913215–45–7.

THE POLITICS OF COMMUNITY: THE BANGLADESHI COMMUNITY IN EAST LONDON. By John Eade. London: Gower, 1989. xii + 213pp. Hardback, £24.00. ISBN 0–566–05717–4.

THE SOVIET EMPIRE: ITS NATIONS SPEAK OUT. By OLEG GLEBOV and JOHN CROWFOOT. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1989. 189pp. n.p. Pb. ISBN 3–7186–5017–7; Hb. ISBN 3–7186–5000–2.

THE TURBAN FOR THE CROWN: THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION IN IRAN. By Arjoman Said Amir. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 283pp. $21.95. ISBN 0–19–504257–5.

LAW OF DESIRE: TEMPORARY MARRIAGE IN SHII IRAN. By Shahla Haeri. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1989. 256pp. Paperback $14.95. ISBN 0–8156–2483–2.

PALESTINE AND ISRAEL: THE UPRISING AND BEYOND. By David Mcdowall. London: I.B.Tauris, 1989. xiii + 322pp. Hardback, £14.95. ISBN 1–85043–131–0

RELIGION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN MODERN TURKEY: THE CASE OF BEDIÜZZAMAN SAID NURSI. By Serif Mardin. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989. 267pp. Hardback, n.p. ISBN 0–88706–996–7.

ISLAM, THE PEOPLE AND THE STATE: ESSAYS ON POLITICAL IDEAS AND MOVEMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST. By Sami Zubaida. London: Routledge, 1989. 192pp. Hardback, £27.95. ISBN 0–415–01277–5.

ENCOUNTER IN THE SPIRIT: MUSLIM‐CHRISTIAN MEETINGS IN BIRMINGHAM. By A. WINGATE. Risk Book Series, no. 29. Geneva: WCC Publications: 1988. 86pp. £3.50. ISBN 2–8254–0944–8.

MEETING IN FAITH. Compiled by Stuart E. Brown. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1989. 181pp. £6.50. ISBN 2–8524–0949–9.

A TREATISE ON THE UNITY AND TRINITY OF GOD BY Israel of Kashkar. (d.872). By B. HOLMBERG. Lund: Plus Ultra, 1989. 290 pp. n.p. ISBN 99–86668–28–5.

WELTRELIGIONEN UND FRIEDENSERZIEHUNG: WEGE ZUR TOLERANZ: SCHWERPUNKT: CHRISTENTUN‐ISLAM. Edited by J. LÄHNEMANN. Hamburg: EB‐Verlag Rissen, 1989. 450pp. DM42.00. ISBN‐3–923002–47–5.     

Commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in muthmannite,AuAgTe2: first evidence of a modulated structure at low temperature

To study the temperature-dependent structural changes and to analyze the crystal chemical behavior of silver as a function of temperature, a crystal of muthmannite, AuAgTe₂, has been investigated by X-ray single-crystal diffraction methods at 300 K and 110 K. At room temperature, muthmannite was confirmed as belonging to the space group P2/m, while at low temperature (110 K) it undergoes a reversible commensurate–incommensurate phase transition with a modulation wave vector q = 0.215(1)a* + 0.379(2)c*. Muthmannite reconverts to the commensurate type upon returning to room temperature, thus indicating that the phase transition is completely reversible in character. The average structure of the low-temperature muthmannite remains monoclinic, space group P2/m, and shows only normal thermal compression over the entire temperature range investigated. Crystal-chemical characteristics are compared with published data on the other members of the system Au–Ag–Te. Speculations on the possible origin of the modulated structure at low temperature are also given.     

On Reid's ‘Inconsistent Triad’: A Reply To McDermid

Thomas Hobbes, The Correspondence edited by Noel Malcolm. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994 (The Clarendon Edition of the Works of Thomas Hobbes, vols. VI and VII), pp. lxxvi‐1008. ISBN 0–19–824065–1 (v. 1), 0–19–824099–6 (v. 2). £60.00 each     

Determination of atomic structure of phason planes in the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase

The atomic structures of specific types of linear defects (phason lines) and planar defects (phason planes) in the complex metallic alloy phase ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn have been determined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and theoretical HREM simulation. The results show that a representational atomic structural model for phason planes can be constructed by introducing a shift between two parts of the perfect crystalline structure using a translation vector of r ?=?(1/2) a ?+?(1/2τ) c . This typical phason plane is normally parallel to the (001) plane of the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase and consists of phason lines, which are arranged side-by-side with their linear direction parallel to the [010] axis. HREM simulations, based on the structural model for both edge-on and inclined types of phason lines, agree well with the experimental results. Taking into account the fact that the structural difference between various curved phason planes arises from the variation in the arrangement of individual phason lines, the atomic structures of the edge-on and inclined phason lines can be used to explain the various curved phason planes frequently observed in the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase.     

Book reviews

A Reader on Classical Islam. F. E. Peters, 1994. Princeton, Princeton University Press. 420 pp., hb. £30.50, ISBN 0–691–03394–3; pb. £15.00, ISBN 0–691–00040–9.

The Physical Theory of Kalam: atoms, space and void in Basrian Mu'tazili cosmology. (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science, Vol. XIV). Alnoor Dhanani, 1994. Leiden, E. J. Brill. 209 pp., hb. n.p., ISBN 90–04–09831–3.

Empire to Commonwealth: consequences of monotheism in late antiquity. Garth Fowden, 1993. Princeton, Princeton University Press. 205 pp., hb. £12.95, ISBN 0–691–06989–1.

Religions in the UK: a multi‐faith directory. Paul Weller (Ed.), 1993. Derby, University of Derby in association with the Interfaith Network for the United Kingdom. 630 pp. plus indices, pb. £21.50, ISBN 0–901437–06–9.

Islamic Britain: religion, politics and identity among British Muslims: Bradford in the 1990s. Philip Lewis, 1994. London, I. B. Tauris. 250 pp., pb. £9.95, ISBN 1–85043–861–7.

Bosnia and Hercegovina: a tradition betrayed. Robert J. Donia and John V. A. Fine, Jr., 1994. London, Hurst and Company. 280 pp., hb. £9.50, ISBN 1–85065–211–2.

French and Algerian Identities from Colonial Times to the Present: a century of interaction. Alec G. Hargreaves and Michael J. Heffernan (Eds), 1993. Lampeter, The Edwin Mellen Press. 253 pp., hb. £39.95, ISBN 0–7734–9233‐X.

The Course of Islam in Africa. (Islamic Surveys 15). Mervyn Hiskett, 1994. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. 218 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0–7486–0464–2; pb. £16.95, ISBN 0–7486–0461–8.

The Writings of Eastern Sudanic Africa to c. 1900. R. S. O'Fahey (comp.) 1994. Leiden, E. J. Brill. 434 pp., hb. n.p., ISBN 90–04–09450–4.     

Notices

An Introduction to Islam. D. Waines, 1995. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 332pp., pb., £10.95 (S15.95), ISBN 0–521–42929–3; hb., £32.50 (849.95),. ISBN‐0–521–41880–1.

Islam i vardagen and varlden (Islam in Everyday Life and in the World). C. Hedin, 1994. Smegraf, Smedjebacken, S, Arena. 172 pp., pb., n.p., ISBN 91–7843–087–9.

Human Rights in the World: an introduction to the study of the international protection of human rights. A. H. Robertson, 3rd edn, 1994. Manchester and New York, Manchester University Press. 314 pp., pb., £14.99, ISBN 0–7190–3886–3.

Islam, Globalization and Post Modernity. A. S. Ahmed and H. Donnan (Eds), 1994. London and New York, Routledge. 242pp., hb., £40.00, ISBN 0–415–09366‐X; pb., £12.99, ISBN 0–415–09367–8.

Towards a Trinitarian Theology of Religions: a study of Paul Tillich's thought. Pan‐Chiulai, 1994. Kampen, Kok Pharos. 181pp., pb., n.p., ISBN 90–390–0025–5.

Der Islam als Anfrage an christliche Theologie und Philosophic. Andreas Bsteh (Ed.), 1994. Mödling, Verlag St Gabriel. 545 pp., pb., OS 298.00, ISBN 3–85264–457–7.

Hören auf sein Wort. Andreas Bsteh (Ed.), 1992. Mödling, Verlag St Gabriel. 220 pp., pb., OS 289.00, ISBN 3–85264–398–8.

Friede für die Menschheit. Andreas Bsteh (Ed.), 1994. Mödling, Verlag St Gabriel. 331 pp., pb., OS 320.00, ISBN 3–8526–456–9.

Studies in Muslim‐Jewish Relations. R. L. Nettuer, (Ed.), 1993. Chur, CH, Harwood Academic Publishers in co‐operation with the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies. 205pp., hb., n.p., ISBN 3–7186–5283–8, ISSN 1061–9380.

Arabic Historical Thought in the Classical Period. Tarif Khaijdi, 1994. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 250 pp., hb., £35.00, ISBN 0–521–46554–0.

Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth‐century Syria. M. Shatzmiller (Ed.), 1993. Leiden, E.J.Brill. 235 pp., hb., n.p., ISBN 90–04–09777–5.

The Mufti of Istanbul: a study in the development of the Ottoman learned. hierarchy. R. C. Repp, 1986. London, Ithaca Press for the Board of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, Oxford University. xxi + 325 pp., hb., n.p., ISBN 0–86372–041–2.

Muslim Minorities in the West. Syed Z. Abedin and Ziauddin Sardar (Eds), 1995. London, Grey Seal Books. 212 pp., £ 25.00, ISBN 1–85640–032–8.

I musulmani nella societa europea. Jacques Waardenburg, Sami A. Aldeeb Abu‐Sahlieh et al., 1994. Turin, Edizioni della Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli. 175 pp., 130,000, ISBN 88–7860–084–9.

Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East. P. S. Khoury and J. Kostiner (Eds), 1990. Berkeley, University of California Press. 351 pp., pb., £11.95, ISBN 0–520–07080–1.

Political Islam: religion and politics in the Arab world. N. N. Ayubi. London and New York, Routledge. 291 pp., pb., £12.99, ISBN 0–415–10385–1.

Christians in the Holy Land. M. Prior and W. Taylor (Eds), 1994. London, World of Islam Festival Trust. 235 pp., pb., £10.00, ISBN 0–905035–32–1.

Monuments of Syria: an historical guide. Ross Burns, 1994 (1992). London and New York, I.B. Tauris. xvii + 297 pp., pb., £18.95, ISBN 1–85043–468–9.

Jerusalem Architecture. David Kroyanker, 1994. London, Tauris Parke Books. 210 pp., hb., ISBN 1–85043–873–0.

The Politics of Two Sudans: the South and the North 1821–1969. D. D. A. Ruay, 1994. Uppsala, The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. 183 pp., pb., SEK 140,‐, £14.95, $24.95, ISBN 91–7106–344–7.

An Islamic Alliance: GAli Dinar and the Sanussiyya, 1906–1916. J. Spaulding and L. Kapteijns, 1994. Evanston, II, Northwestern University Press. 190 pp., hb., 849.95, ISBN 0–8101–1194–2.

A Short History of Turkish‐Islamic States (excluding the Ottoman state). A. Mercil and H. Y. Nuhoglu (Eds), 1994. Ankara, Turkish Historical Society. 436 pp., hb., $50.00, ISBN 975–16–0571–7.

Pride of Small Nations: the Caucasus and post‐Soviet disorder. Suzanne Goldenberg, 1994. London and New Jersey, Zed Books. 233 pp., hb., £36.95, ISBN 1–85649–237–0; pb., £14.95, ISBN 1–85649–238–9.

Islam in Central Asia. Ludmela Polonskaya and Auexei Malashenko, 1994. Reading, Ithaca Press. 171 pp., £30.00, ISBN 0–86372–182–6.

Imaginary Muslims: the Uwaysi Sufis of Central Asia. Julian Baldick, 1993. London, I.B. Tauris. 266 pp., hb., £39.50, ISBN 1–85043–497–2.     

Notices

Islamic Creeds: a selection. W. M. Watt (Trans), 1994. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. 107 pp., hb. £30.00, ISBN 0–7486–0522–3; pb., ISBN 0–7486–0513–4.

The Ninety‐Nine Beautiful Names of God, al‐maqsad al‐asna, ftshark asma’ alldh al‐husnd. Abo Hamid Al‐Ghazau, Translated with notes by David B. Burreix and Nazih. Daher, 1992. Cambridge, Islamic Texts Society. x + 205 pp., hb. £25.95; pb. £11.95, ISBN 0–946621–31–1.

Jews, Visigoths and Muslims in Medieval Spain: cooperation and conflict. Norman Roth, 1994. Leiden/New York/Koln, E. J. Brill. 367 pp., hb. Gld.l 15.00/865.75, ISBN 90–04–09971–9.

Pious Passenger: the hajj in earlier times. M. N. Pearson, 1994. London, Hurst & Co. 217 pp., hb. £32.50, ISBN 1–85065–217–1.

Popular Culture in Medieval Cairo. Boaz Shoshan, 1993. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 148 pp., hb. £27.95, ISBN 0–521–43209‐X.

Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests. Walter E. Kaegi, 1992. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 313 + xiii pp., hb. n.p., ISBN 0–521–41172–6.

The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453. D. M. Nicol, 1993. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 463 +xv pp., hb. £60.00, ISBN 0–521–13384–3; pb. £17.95, ISBN 0–521–43991–4.

The Fall of Constantinople, 1453. Steven Runciman, 1965. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 256 + xiv pp., pb. £6.95, ISBN 0–521–39832–0.

Religion and Politics in Nigeria: a study in Middle Belt Christianity. Niels Kastfelt, 1994. London/New York, British Academic Press. 204 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 1–85043–788–2.

The Modern Middle East: a reader. A. Hourani, P. S. Khoury and M. C. Wilson (Eds), 1993. London, I. B. Tauris. 691 pp., pb. £16.95, ISBN 1–85043–520–0.

Turkey: a modern history. Erik J. Zorcher, 1994 (1993). London, I. B. Tauris. 381 pp., pb. £14.95, ISBN 1–85043–826–9.

Islam in Modern Turkey: religion, politics and literature in a secular state. Richard Tapper (Ed.), 1994 (1991). London, I. B. Tauris. 314 pp., pb. £12.95, ISBN 1–85043–833–1.

Tarbiya: education and politics in Islamic movements in Jordan and Malaysia. Anne Sofie Roald, 1994. Lund, Lund University. 377 pp., pb. n.p., ISBN 91–22–01640–6.

The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or nationalism? Ahmed Rashid, 1994. London and New Jersey, Zed Books. 278 + x pp., pb. £14.95, ISBN 1–85649–132–3.

The Muslims of America. Yvonne Y. Haddad (Ed.), 1993. New York, Oxford University Press. 249 pp., pb. n.p., ISBN 0–19–508559–0.

Muslim Communities in North America. Yvonne Y. Haddad & Jane I. Smith (Eds), 1994. Albany, State University of New York Press. 545 pp., hb. $20.95, ISBN 0–7914–2019–1.

Race and Elections: the participation of ethnic minorities in politics. Muhammad Anwar, 1994. Coventry, Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick. 168 pp., pb. £10.00, ISBN 0–948303–14‐X.

Britannia's Crescent: making a place for Muslims in British society. Danièle Joly, 1995. Aldershot, Avebury. 198 pp., hb. n.p., ISBN 1–85628–680–0.

The Failure of Political Islam. Olivier Roy translated by Carol Volk, 1994. London, I. B. Tauris Publishers. 238 pp., pb. £14.95, ISBN 1–85043–880–3.

Unveiling Islam. Roger du Pasquier translated by T. J. Winter, 1992. Cambridge, Islamic Texts Society. 157 pp., pb. £6.95, ISBN 0–946621–32–2.

L'Islam laïque ou la retour à la grande tradition. Olivler Carrfé, 1993. Paris, Armand Colin. 167 pp., pb. n.p., ISBN 2–200–21403–0.

Dreams in Islam. Umar Azam, 1992. Pittsburgh, PA, Dorrance Publishing Co., Inc. 150 pp., hb. £8.95/514.95, ISBN 0–8059–3252–6.

The Ways of Religion: an introduction to the major traditions. R. Eastman (Ed.), 2nd ed., 1993. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 489 + xiii pp., pb. n.p., ISBN 0–19–507596‐X.

Christianity and World Religions. Hans Kong et al., 1993. London, SCM Press. 460 pp., pb. £12.50, ISBN 0334025397.

Iqrar Awghsburgh: Kit&b al‐iqrar al‐ra'is li‐caqa'id al‐kanisa al‐injtliyya al‐luthuriyya.. M. A. Younan (Ed.), 1993. Jerusalem, Evangelical Lutheran Church. 130 pp., pb. n.p., no ISBN.