共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Julie A. Willett 《Sexuality & culture》2008,12(4):275-290
This essay explores changing attitudes towards male caregivers in postwar America to understand conceptions of prepubescent
gender and sexuality. While the 1950s have been viewed as a period of rigid gender conventions, the demands of a baby boom
generation allowed men unexpected roles as caregivers. In the 1960s and 1970s, challenges to the status quo along with fears
of female-headed households encouraged men to move into the field of child care, but this was particularly short lived. Political
backlash and a failing economy turned male daycare workers into suspects, revealing the ambiguity that so often distorts children’s
interactions with men.
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Julie A. WillettEmail: |
2.
Asifa Siraj 《Contemporary Islam》2009,3(1):41-57
Islam’s explicit condemnation of homosexuality has created a theologically based homophobia which engenders the intolerance
of homosexuals by Muslims. In this article I explore Muslim attitudes towards homosexuality and homosexuals as this area has
elicited very little research. Based on structured interviews with 68 Muslim male and female heterosexuals I examine the connection
between participants’ attitudes towards homosexuality and their understanding of gender and gender roles. I also analyse whether
participants’ views are shaped by their religious beliefs and values. Age, gender, education and level of religiosity are
analysed to see whether they affect attitudes. Data suggest that participants held negative attitudes towards homosexuals
and this is the result of being religiously conservative in their attitudes towards homosexuality and gender roles.
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Asifa SirajEmail: |
3.
Madeleine A. Fugère Carlos Escoto Alita J. Cousins Matt L. Riggs Paul Haerich 《Sexuality & culture》2008,12(3):169-182
We conducted a review of literature regarding sexual attitudes and double standards, focusing on participant gender and ethnic
background. We found that men had more permissive sexual attitudes than women, and that African Americans had the most permissive
sexual attitudes, followed by White Americans, then by Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans. The literature regarding sexual
double standards was mixed; some studies showed evidence of continued sexual double standards and some studies showed the
absence of sexual double standards. In some studies, men were more likely to endorse the sexual double standard than women.
We found only one article addressing sexual double standards using ethnic background as a quasi-independent variable; this
research revealed that non-North American (Russian and Japanese) samples were more likely to endorse the traditional double
standard, that sex is more acceptable for men than for women.
相似文献
Madeleine A. FugèreEmail: |
4.
Predicting dispositions toward inclusion of students with disabilities: the role of conservative ideology and discomfort with disability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Within the published empirical record, a limited number of investigations exist that study the association between socio-political
ideologies of preservice teachers and their attitudes toward disability-related matters within schools. To the extent that
individual socio-political ideology and discomfort with disability remain mostly unexplored, this state of affairs may unwittingly
compromise the capacity of future educators to assist students with special needs. The purpose of our study was to test relationships
between preservice teachers’ conservative ideologies and discomfort with disability on the one hand and perceived negative
attitudes toward students with disabilities and opposition to inclusion on the other. Our correlational findings indicate
that preservice educators who report being higher in social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, economic and
cultural conservatism, and discomfort with disabilities are more likely to oppose inclusion and to hold negative attitudes
toward students with disabilities. Regression analyses revealed that social dominance orientation and discomfort with disability
were stronger predictors of negative attitudes toward students with disabilities and opposition to inclusion than cultural
conservatism/right-wing authoritarianism. These findings lend support to teacher preparation programs assisting preservice
teachers in understanding (a) their attitudes toward inclusion and students with disabilities and (b) the impact their dispositions
may have on their future effectiveness in supporting these students in their efforts to become productive and independent
members of society.
相似文献
Joyce A. BrandesEmail: |
5.
Boyung Lee 《Pastoral Psychology》2006,54(4):337-353
After reviewing the notion of caring-self from a Korean feminist perspective, this paper argues that caring-self, in spite of its great contribution to pastoral care and education of women, is an essentialist notion based on Western individualism, one that excludes the experiences of men and women of nonwestern/communal cultures. Critically examining psychological literature of women's self-esteem and Korean self-esteem literature, I argue that to provide more appropriate pastoral care and education for Korean women, it is necessary to understand what and how their concept of the person is formed in a Korean communal context.
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Boyung LeeEmail: |
6.
Conventional wisdom in much of the educational and psychological literatures states that the ethnic and racial identity of
African American students is related to their academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ethnic
identity and anti-white attitudes predicted the academic achievement of African American students at a historically Black
university. A hypothesized path model was proposed that included ethnic identity, attitudes toward other ethnic groups, anti-white
attitudes, perceptions of caring faculty, academic self-concept, and devaluing academic success. The path analysis model explained
27% of the variance in grade point average and revealed three direct effects on grade point average: (a) academic self-concept
(positive), (b) devaluing academic success (negative), and (c) anti-white attitudes (negative). Ethnic identity was indirectly
linked with grade point average (GPA) through academic self-concept and devaluing academic success. Tests of two alternative
nested models suggest that even in an indirect role, ethnic identity may be more important than anti-white attitudes in a
model of African American academic achievement.
相似文献
Collette ChapmanEmail: |
7.
Terror management research has typically found that people respond harshly toward offending others when reminded of their
mortality. In the current research we examined whether mortality salience would increase attitudes of forgiveness toward such
individuals, especially among those with high trait empathy. Consistent with prior research, Study 1 showed that mortality
salience increased forgiveness of a violent hockey player, but only if this person was a member of the ingroup. Study 2 showed
that mortality (vs. dental pain) salience led persons high in trait empathy to forgive the same violent hockey player regardless
of his group membership. Implications for increasing forgiveness and prosocial behavior in intergroup contexts are briefly
discussed.
相似文献
Jeff SchimelEmail: |
8.
A service learning based intervention to change attitudes toward obese individuals in kinesiology pre-professionals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to conduct an intervention to change attitudes toward obese individuals. Ninety-five Kinesiology
undergraduates conducted a FITNESSGRAM service-learning project with school-aged children. They completed anti-fat attitude
test (AFAT) and explicit attitude assessments before and after the intervention. The results indicated participants had anti-fat
bias toward obese individuals on the lazy/motivated scale, but not on the other four scales on pre measurements. Their anti-fat
attitudes concerning whether people are responsible for their weight were significantly reduced through the intervention.
Five themes emerged from the undergraduates’ reflective papers that support the efficacy of the intervention: Healthy lifestyle—an
individual choice, barriers to physical activity, multi-factorial nature of obesity, and promotion of physical activity through
information and encouragement. The findings partially support experiential learning as a potential mechanism to reduce individuals’
anti-fat attitudes.
相似文献
Michael B. RowellEmail: |
9.
Cynthia J. Becker 《Contemporary Islam》2009,3(2):143-166
Since the reign of King Mohammed VI in 1999, there has been a recent democratic trend in Morocco that has led to political
liberalization and symbolic concessions. This essay explores how a new generation of artists is beginning to test the notions
of the Islam, the monarch, and the rights of ethnic groups and women within Morocco. I argue that while they are beginning
to test the limits of recent religious, social, and political reforms, these artists show self-restrain and selfcensorship,
creating art that falls within the public discourse allowed by the new Moroccan king.
相似文献
Cynthia J. BeckerEmail: |
10.
miriam cooke 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(2):139-154
In the 6 years that have elapsed since the events of 9/11 Muslims have become the Other and veiled Muslim women have become
their visible representatives. Standing in for their communities, they have attracted international media attention. So intertwined
are gender and religion that they have become one. I have coined the term the Muslimwoman to describe this erasure of diversity.
Some women reject this label. Others use it to empower themselves and even to subvert the identification. In the process they
are constructing a new kind of cosmopolitanism. This essay asks how women can derive agency from an ascribed identity that
posits their invisibility and silence.
相似文献
miriam cookeEmail: |
11.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
12.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
13.
Behavioral Outcomes of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Triple P—Positive Parenting Program: A Review and Meta-Analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We conducted a review and meta-analyses of 24 studies to evaluate and compare the outcomes of two widely disseminated parenting
interventions—Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Participants in all studies were caregivers
and 3- to 12-year-old children. In general, our analyses revealed positive effects of both interventions, but effects varied
depending on intervention length, components, and source of outcome data. Both interventions reduced parent-reported child
behavior and parenting problems. The effect sizes for PCIT were large when outcomes of child and parent behaviors were assessed
with parent-report, with the exclusion of Abbreviated PCIT, which had moderate effect sizes. All forms of Triple P had moderate
to large effects when outcomes were parent-reported child behaviors and parenting, with the exception of Media Triple P, which
had small effects. PCIT and an enhanced version of Triple P were associated with improvements in observed child behaviors.
These findings provide information about the relative efficacy of two programs that have received substantial funding in the
USA and Australia, and findings should assist in making decisions about allocations of funding and dissemination of these
parenting interventions in the future.
相似文献
Melanie J. Zimmer-GembeckEmail: |
14.
In 1992 the results of a survey on clergy attitudes toward the traditional deadly sins and the schedule of virtues formulated by Erik H. Erikson were published in Pastoral Psychology (D. Capps, 1992). This study reports the results of a similar survey conducted a decade later. It also compares the results of this clergy survey with the findings of our laity survey published in 2000 in Pastoral Psychology (D. Capps & A. H. Cole, 2000). Clergy were asked to rank order the sins (from most to least destructive), to identify one sin with which they were personally struggling, and to indicate whether they consider a given sin to be more characteristic of men, of women, or of both genders equally. Similar questions were asked concerning the virtues, but from a positive rather than a negative perspective. While the results were generally similar to the earlier clergy survey, there were some modest changes in the way respondents ranked the sins and virtues, indicated their personal identification with them, and viewed their gender relatedness. While the number of women respondents to the 2002 survey was small, differences in the way that clergymen and clergywomen responded to the survey questions are noted. We particularly note that clergy view anger as a much more deadly sin than do laity, and also the consistent finding that respondents tend to struggle personally with sins they consider among the least destructive.
相似文献
Donald CappsEmail: |
15.
Recent evidence suggests that self-determined prejudice regulation is negatively related to both self-reported prejudice and
automatic racial bias. However, the social-cognitive processes involved in this association have not yet been examined. Thus,
the current project sought to test the ‘internalization-automatization hypothesis’, that is, to assess the extent to which
prejudice regulation is automatic for those high and low in self-determined motivation to regulate prejudice. To this end,
two different experimental paradigms were used. In Experiment 1 (N = 84), differences in the automatic activation and application of stereotypes were assessed for those high and low in self-determined
prejudice regulation. As expected, both types of prejudice regulators showed similar stereotype activation. However, only
self-determined individuals inhibited the application of stereotypes following a prime. Experiment 2 (N = 134), assessed the impact of self-regulatory depletion on the regulation of implicit prejudice. As anticipated, for the
self-determined regulators, prejudice regulation did not vary between depleted and non-depleted individuals. However, when
non-self-determined prejudice regulators were depleted, prejudice increased, relative to non-depleted controls. Results are
discussed in terms of an increased understanding of prejudice regulation through self-determination. Evidence of the automatization
of self-determined prejudice regulation offers promising implications for the reduction of prejudice.
相似文献
Lisa LegaultEmail: |
16.
Joke Bruinsma-de Beer 《Pastoral Psychology》2006,55(2):167-174
In this article the author discusses the differences between pastoral care and psycho-social therapy. She clarifies the specific identity of pastoral care on the basis of Henning Luther’s theology. He distinguishes different anthropological presuppositions in pastoral care and psycho-social therapy. Consequently, she demonstrates the relevancy of Luther’s theology for today’s Practical Theology.
相似文献
Joke Bruinsma-de BeerEmail: |
17.
Jeremy Gwiazda 《Philosophia》2006,34(4):437-438
When two omnipotent beings are randomly and sequentially selecting positive integers, the being who selects second is almost
certain to select a larger number. I then use the relativity of simultaneity to create a paradox by having omnipotent beings
select positive integers in different orders for different observers.
相似文献
Jeremy GwiazdaEmail: |
18.
19.
Elizabeth A. Yeater Richard J. Viken Richard M. McFall Lindsey R. Wagner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(4):232-241
Two hundred and eleven undergraduate men and women were assigned to different instructional set conditions and asked to rate (1) the sexual risk depicted in a set of written items describing problem situations undergraduate women might face when dating or interacting socially with men, and (2) the effectiveness of responses to these situations, described by a set of response codes. Results revealed that sexual attitudes and instructional set were the strongest predictors of both ratings. Gender did, however, predict risk ratings for stranger and authority figure situations, with women rating these situations as more risky than men. In addition, women assigned to the risk instructional set condition rated refusal responses as more effective in decreasing risk than did men in the same condition. In contrast, women assigned to the popularity instructional set condition rated the same refusal responses as less effective in increasing popularity than did men in that condition.
相似文献
Elizabeth A. YeaterEmail: |
20.
Neil Francis Pembroke 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(4):549-559
It is argued that when spiritual care by physicians is linked to the empirical research indicating the salutary effect on
health of religious beliefs and practices an unintended degradation of religion is involved. It is contended that it is much
more desirable to see support for the patient’s spirituality as part of holistic care. A proposal for appropriate spiritual
care by physicians is offered.
相似文献
Neil Francis PembrokeEmail: |