汉语普通话句子重音在时长方面的声学表现

研究包括2部分。在第一部分,通过对由10个发音人发音的148条句子中的4个词时长方面的声学特征的分析发现：（1）当句子重音强调词时,时长的增加主要集中在这个词的重读音节上;（2）当句子重音强调词的某个音节时,时长的延长主要集中在这个音节上。在第二部分,通过使用上述语句的知觉实验发现,句子重音强调词的语句和句子重音强调这个词的重读音节的语句相对于它们的语境是可以相互替换的, 这种相互可替换性起因于这两种语句声学表现方面的相似性     

普通话韵律词重音知觉

实验一研究了韵律词重音的多个声学相关物,及其对韵律词重音知觉贡献的大小,结果表明,按照贡献大小的次序,影响普通话韵律词重音感知的声学参数是：时长、音高、频谱倾斜和平均能量。实验二研究非声学参数因素对普通话韵律词重音知觉的影响,实验结果表明,听者关于普通话韵律词重音方面的语言学知识对韵律词重音的知觉有显著影响。     

关于平面几何“标准图形”教学的消极作用的問题

一、前人的研究和我們的初步調查結果 苏联的心理学者曾对几何教学心理学进行过大量的研究。他們主要是研究解題和証定理时的思維过程以及几何概念的形成。研究結果中最大的分歧是对“标准图形”教学的消极作用的估价問題,即是否应該采用变式图形来变异非本貭的特征的問題。     

瑞文标准推理测验在聋童中的使用报告

本研究采用瑞文标准推理测验对9-17岁的聋童的智力发展情况进行了研究,结果表明:聋童智力的发展随着年龄的增长而增长,呈非直线性,各年龄组内不存在显著的性别差异;与中国城市版常模相比,聋童智力的发展水平要明显地低于城市正常儿童.从各年龄组均分差异来看,聋童要落后2至3个年龄段;统计检验还表明同一年龄组中,有残余听力聋童与无残余听力的聋童的智力发展水平差异并不显著;测题难度和区分度分析表明,原测题排列顺序及鉴别力基本适合聋童被试,信度和效度测定表明,瑞文标准推理测验测量聋童的智力可靠而有效.     

关于普通话声调知觉中心的初步研究

通常将普通话单音节的声调F0曲线划分成“弯头段”、“调型段”和“降尾段”。考察“调型段”的具体位置和相对长度,对普通话语音教学,对开发语音识别和语音合成系统,都是很有意义的。本文使用两大类合成刺激连续体,通过辨认试验,初步确定了“调型段”在音节F0曲线上的位置,即一个单音节,不论是清声母音节,还是浊声母音节,也不论是何种声调和调域,其声调知觉中心(P-CT)的位置位于韵母段中部,而且,只要“调型段”的长度为浊音段的一半左右,就可能被感知成相应的调类。     

THE EFFECTS OF A CHILD'S SELF-EVALUATION PROGRAM ON COMPLIANCE WITH PARENTAL INSTRUCTIONS IN THE HOME

A self-evaluation program was implemented with a kindergarten-aged boy in the home to increase compliance with parent instructions and decrease inappropriate verbal behavior. The self-evaluation package included the child's assessing the appropriateness of his behavior in 5-min intervals, receiving chips for positive self-evaluations, and exchanging chips for a reward following experimental sessions. In a reversal design, analyses were conducted of the effectiveness of the self-evaluation program, the requisite conditions for effective child behavior change with a self-evaluation approach, and the parent's efficiency in using the self-evaluation package. The self-evaluation procedures typically resulted in increased compliant behavior and decreased inappropriate behavior, although the effects generally weakened with time. Behavioral gains were greater and better maintained when the self-evaluation procedures were preceded by a phase of external evaluation via the mother than by baseline, suggesting that self-evaluation procedures may serve more to maintain the effects of external evaluation rather than to induce their own changes. The parent generally was efficient in implementing the procedures. Research and clinical implications for using self-evaluation procedures in a home setting are discussed.     

A PROOF OF THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF COMPLETING INFINITELY MANY TASKS

In this article, I argue that it is impossible to complete infinitely many tasks in a finite time. A key premise in my argument is that the only way to get to 0 tasks remaining is from 1 task remaining, when tasks are done 1‐by‐1. I suggest that the only way to deny this premise is by begging the question, that is, by assuming that supertasks are possible. I go on to present one reason why this conclusion (that supertasks are impossible) is important, namely that it implies a new verdict on a decision puzzle propounded by Jeffrey Barrett and Frank Arntzenius.     

想象空间中物体搜索的阶段模型的证实

用因素实验证明,在故事阅读产生的想象场景中,位于其中的观察者对身体四周物体的搜索分为两个阶段：第一阶段是目标方位的判断,认知加工时间的模式是前＜后＜左＝右;第二阶段是注意指向目标方位,从而辨别目标物体,认知加工时间的模式是注意点＜注意点对面＜注意点左侧＝注意点右侧。这两个阶段没有交互作用。反应时依赖于被试的视点。     

DEFINING DISABILITY FOR WOMEN AND THE PROBLEM OF UNPAID WORK

National policy and much of scholarly research on disability overlook the importance of unpaid family work and instead focus on disability in paid work, largely in male samples. Because of societal expectations about appropriate social roles for men and women, women tend to assume responsibility for unpaid work in the family and also tend to have paid work that is characterized by low pay and limited autonomy. This article discusses the political, theoretical, and methodological issues relating to defining and measuring paid and unpaid work disability for women and men within the context of these structural factors. The results of a study analyzing disability in both paid work and unpaid family work among a sample of 206 women with rheumatoid arthritis are presented. The study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring disability in family work and shows that women experience significant limitations in homemaker functioning as well as in paid work roles.     

INSTRUCTIONS,FEEDBACK, AND REINFORCEMENT IN REDUCING ACTIVITY LEVELS IN THE CLASSROOM

The biomotometer, an electronic device which simultaneously measures motor activity and provides auditory feedback, was used in combination with material reinforcers in an experiment to reduce children's activity level in a classroom setting. Subjects were nine boys and two girls, aged 9–13, from a day hospital program for emotionally disturbed children. After five baseline trials, each child had five contingent reinforcement trials in which he/she received feedback “beeps” from the biomotometer and was given toy or candy rewards after each trial in which activity fell at least 20% below mean baseline level. Then five noncontingent reinforcement trials were run in which children received rewards for wearing the apparatus without the feedback attachment. Results indicated that the intervention “package,” including instructions, feedback, and contingent reinforcement, was successful in all five trials for 8 of 11 children. Activity levels increased during the final noncontingent phase.