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Michael S. Brady 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(3):413-430
A recalcitrant emotion is one which conflicts with evaluative judgement. (A standard example is where someone is afraid of
flying despite believing that it poses little or no danger.) The phenomenon of emotional recalcitrance raises an important
problem for theories of emotion, namely to explain the sense in which recalcitrant emotions involve rational conflict. In
this paper I argue that existing ‘neojudgementalist’ accounts of emotions fail to provide plausible explanations of the irrationality
of recalcitrant emotions, and develop and defend my own neojudgementalist account. On my view, recalcitrant emotions are irrational
insofar as they incline the subject to accept an evaluative construal that the subject has already rejected.
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Michael S. BradyEmail: |
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Ole J. Hovland Cand.paed. Françoise D. Alsaker Cand. psychol. 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1986,4(2):143-154
The purpose of the present study was to develop an alternative paradigm for measuring irrationality and conduct a preliminary reliability and validity analysis of a self-report scale so constructed. From considering some basic theoretical assumptions in Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET), anemotive paradigm for item-construction was formulated and utilized to develop a 12-item self-report scale for measuring irrationality (SVO-12). A different scale (SVC-12), based on acontent approach, was also developed. These two irrationality scales and a scale for measuring psychopathology were then administered to a group of 199 undergraduate students. Statistical analyses provided empirical support for the reliability and validity of both approaches. Of the two irrationality scales in question, however, the one based on the emotive paradigm (SVO-12) seem to be the most promising. 相似文献
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Chuang Ye 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(1):99-122
Radical interpretation is used by Davison in his linguistic theory not only as an interesting thought experiment but also
a general pattern that is believed to be able to give an essential and general account of linguistic interpretation. If the
principle of charity is absolutely necessary to radical interpretation, it becomes, in this sense, a general methodological
principle. However, radical interpretation is a local pattern that is proper only for exploring certain interpretation in
a specific case, and consequently the principle of charity is an applicable principle in the limited scope. It is neither
the case that every linguistic interpretation is in nature radical nor that the principle of charity is the primary and fundamental
principle for all linguistic interpretation as Davidson believes.
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Stefan Lukits 《Synthese》2014,191(7):1409-1431
Sometimes we receive evidence in a form that standard conditioning (or Jeffrey conditioning) cannot accommodate. The principle of maximum entropy (MAXENT) provides a unique solution for the posterior probability distribution based on the intuition that the information gain consistent with assumptions and evidence should be minimal. Opponents of objective methods to determine these probabilities prominently cite van Fraassen’s Judy Benjamin case to undermine the generality of maxent. This article shows that an intuitive approach to Judy Benjamin’s case supports maxent. This is surprising because based on independence assumptions the anticipated result is that it would support the opponents. It also demonstrates that opponents improperly apply independence assumptions to the problem. 相似文献
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Lambie JA 《Consciousness and cognition》2008,17(3):946-971
It is argued that one answer to the question of the rationality of emotion hinges on the different roles in action selection played by emotions when one is aware of them versus when one is not aware of them (awareness being indexed by the ability to report one's emotion). When unaware of one's emotions, they are: (a) not able to enter into one's deliberations about what to do, and (b) more likely to be automatically acted out. This is a problem for rationality because (partly due to the logic of signal detection theory) emotional action urges are often "false positives". In contrast, awareness of emotions crucially allows emotional responses to be inhibited: such inhibition is necessary for truly rational action selection. Furthermore, awareness enables Reflective Revision--the modification of one's theories and action plans as a result of awareness of inconsistencies between theories and data, and action plans and goals. 相似文献
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David Larson 《Philosophia》1990,20(3):311-320
I am grateful to J. Bennett, J. Bricke, A.C. Genova, and C. Mickett for comments on an earlier version of this paper. 相似文献
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This experiment supplements a recetlf study of the effects of an interpolated weight upon memory for a standard (Parducci, Marshall, & Degner, 1966). The earlier data suggested that the stimulus-averaging approach as represented by the theory of adaptation level should be modified to incorporate the principle that Ss use alternative categories with equal frequency. The present data support this modification by demonstrating that even when the stimulus mean is held constant, judgments are affected by the relative frequencies of the comparison stimuli. 相似文献
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This study examined the reliability and linguistic equivalence of the Spanish translation of the Marital Satisfaction Inventory--Revised (MSI-R) in a sample of 86 bilingual Mexican American couples. Overall, findings provided preliminary support for using this translation of the MSI-R with respondents whose preferred language is Spanish. Coefficients of internal consistency and temporal stability for scales constituting the Spanish MSI-R averaged .72 and .75, respectively. Linguistic equivalence coefficients for respondents completing the MSI-R in both languages averaged .69. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated no significant effect for language of administration on MSI-R scale scores. Discussion emphasizes caveats in using the Spanish MSI-R and directions for further research. 相似文献
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Methods for assessing psychological distress in culturally diverse populations are not firmly established. This study was designed to examine the psychometric properties of the Bosnian translation of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS; D. D. Blake, F. W. Weathers, L. M. Nagy, D. Kaloupek, G. Klauminzer, D. Charney, et al., 1995) in a Bosnian refugee sample. The authors interviewed 115 help-seeking Bosnian refugees with the CAPS-Bosnian translation to examine its internal consistency and convergent validity, and to provide an assessment of its factor structure. This study demonstrated optimal fit with a 2-factor model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); the authors also found high reliability with a coefficient alpha of 0.92 and strong convergent validity with instruments measuring depression, anxiety, and levels of psychosocial functioning. Future directions for the assessment of PTSD in cross-cultural populations are discussed. 相似文献
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《The journal of positive psychology》2013,8(1):29-39
This study examined the association among interpersonal relationships, irrational beliefs, and life satisfaction. Twenty-eight psychotherapy clients and 207 college undergraduates completed measures of interpersonal relations (Outcome Questionnaire; Lambert et al., 1996), irrationality (Rational Behavior Inventory; Shorkey & Whiteman, 1977), and life satisfaction (The Satisfaction with Life Scale; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). Results indicated that interpersonal relations predicted life satisfaction, whereas global irrationality was indirectly related to life satisfaction. Specifically, interpersonal relations mediated the association between global irrationality and life satisfaction. Clinicians aiming to foster life satisfaction in their patients are encouraged to carefully assess their social functioning and utilize relationship-enhancing treatments. Targeting irrational thinking may also be necessary to set the stage for and support such interventions. 相似文献