大学生道德情感问卷的初步编制*

采用理论分析和开放式问卷调查等方法提出大学生道德情感的基本结构并编制了问卷初始条目。先以259名大学生为被试,对自编初始问卷进行预测,探索性因素分析显示,大学生道德情感包括3个因素:爱国感、责任感和正直感。再对622名大学生进行正式施测,进行验证性因素分析和信度分析。结果显示,总问卷α系数为0.77,重测信度0.72。验证性因素分析各项拟合指标较为理想,具有较好的结构效度。因此,编制的问卷具有较好的信效度,是测量大学生道德情感的有效工具。     

青少年日常情绪调节问卷的编制

旨在编制青少年日常情绪调节问卷,通过增添对日常情绪诱发情境的描述,增强关于对青少年日常情绪调节测量的生态效度,获得更具有现实意义且真实的结果。根据访谈(n=30)获得诱发青少年日常情绪的典型情境,编制了问卷的项目;根据探索性因素分析(n=268)确定的正性情绪调节问卷项目为15个,负性情绪调节问卷项目为20个,皆抽取了四个因素分别命名为"认知重评"、"认知沉浸"、"表达抑制"、"表达宣泄"。经验证性因素分析(n=269)以及信度检验,问卷的各个心理测量学指标均符合要求,表明该结果具有良好的结构效度和内部一致性,可用作青少年日常情绪调节的测量工具。     

父母教养方式问卷(PBI)的信效度研究

本研究对目前国外广泛使用的"父母教养方式问卷"(Parental Bonding Instrument,PBI)进行了中文版修订.708名大学生完成了测试.其中136人在两周后进行了重测,并用EMBu作为检验效度的指标之一.采用相关分析、验证性因素分析等方法考察问卷的信、效度.结果表明问卷的四因素结构模型优于二因素和三因素结构模型,各项拟合指标均在0.90以上;问卷的内部一致性信度在0.740-0.851之间.重测信度在0.619-0.765之间.均达到了心理测量学的要求.因此,修订后的中文版PBI具有良好的信效度指标.可以作为评定大学生父母教养方式的测量工具使用.     

中小学教师工作重塑问卷的编制

在文献分析和专家评定的基础上,从重塑的对象与方式出发,通过半结构化访谈和问卷调查,编制了初始的中小学教师工作重塑问卷。通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析对初始问卷进行修订,最终形成的正式问卷包含五个维度：任务重塑、角色重塑、关系重塑、技能重塑和认知重塑。结果表明,中小学教师工作重塑问卷具有较高的内部一致性信度、重测信度以及较好的内容效度、结构效度和效标效度。该问卷的心理测量学指标良好,可以作为我国中小学教师工作重塑的测量工具。     

中学生感知到的数学教师支持问卷的编制

采用理论分析和开放式问卷调查等方法提出中学生感知到的数学教师支持的基本结构并编制问卷项目。先以302名中学生为被试,对自编初始问卷进行预测,结果显示,中学生感知到的数学教师支持问卷包括情感支持、自主支持和认知支持3个维度。再对347名中学生正式施测,进行信度和验证性因素分析,结果显示,总问卷α系数为0.92,三个维度α系数在0.75~0.89之间,验证性因素分析各项拟合指标较为理想,具有较好的结构效度。因此,编制的问卷具有较好的信效度,是测量中学生感知到的数学教师支持的有效工具。     

大学生认知灵活性问卷的修订及初步使用

修订Martin等人编制的认知灵活性问卷并对我国大学生的认知灵活性进行测量。首先对366名大学生预测;然后对300名大学生正式测试;并对240名大学生进行效标效度研究;另外对785名大学生初步使用该问卷。结果表明：（1）中文修订版大学生认知灵活性问卷的项目区分度、Cronbachα系数、重测信度、结构效度和效标效度等心理测量学指标良好,可作为我国大学生认知灵活性的研究工具。（2）有社会实践经验大学生的认知灵活性显著高于无社会实践经验大学生;文科女生的认知灵活性显著高于理科女生。     

武汉地区大学生社会能力的结构及其问卷编制

从分析大学阶段的关键性发展任务出发,将我国大学生的社会能力分为事务处理能力、一般人际交往能力和建立与发展友谊的能力三个方面。以文献研究为基础,结合开放式问卷所获资料,分别提出了关于这三种社会能力结构的理论构想,编制了大学生社会能力问卷。武汉市1048名大学生参与了正式问卷的施测,结果表明,事务处理能力的四因素结构、一般人际交往能力的五因素结构和建立与发展友谊的能力的五因素结构是较为合理的,自编大学生社会能力问卷的信效度达到心理测量学要求。     

初中生情感能力问卷的初步编制

目的:编制初中生情感能力问卷,检验其信效度。方法:在文献研究的基础上,构建初中生情感能力的理论维度,编写问卷题目。对316名初中生进行预测,形成初步问卷,再对864名初中生进行测量。使用SPSS17.0和Lisrel8.7软件对问卷进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。结果:初中生情感能力结构分为情感识别能力、情感体验能力、情感评价能力、情感管理能力四个维度,由15道题目组成。验证性因素分析的GFI,NNFI,AGFI,CFI,IFI均在0.9以上,模型拟合较好。结论:初中生情感能力问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可以成为评定初中生的情感能力素质的测评工具。     

工作-家庭支持的结构与测量及其调节作用

在深度访谈和开放式问卷调查的基础上, 编制了工作-家庭支持问卷。探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析结果表明, 中国文化背景下的工作-家庭支持由组织支持、领导支持、情感支持和工具性支持四个维度构成。问卷的信效度指标良好。无约束结构方程模型分析结果表明, 工作-家庭支持能够有效调节工作-家庭冲突与离职意向的关系。     

心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人认知风格问卷的编制

通过对认知风格既往文献的回顾和分析,从临床心理学的角度将认知风格定义为个体在解释生活事件时所偏爱的和习惯化的特征性认知方式,并确定了4个维度：过度概括化、选择性提取、个体化和灾难化。通过开放式问卷调查、参考国内外已有量表、自编项目及专家评定,形成27个项目的认知风格问卷初测版,并分别在大学生样本和非学生样本中进行测试,筛选出在两个样本中都符合心理测量学要求的16个项目,最终形成认知风格问卷正式版。对认知风格问卷正式版进行心理测量学指标考察,结果发现问卷的内部一致性信度、重测信度、结构效度、内容效度、聚合效     

An experimental evaluation of three theories of auditory stream segregation

Three theories of auditory stream segregation were evaluated. In two-part trials, subjects heard an induction sequence, whose effects upon an immediately subsequent test sequence were measured. The rhythm and total duration of Induction Sequence tones were varied in two experiments. The similarity between induction and test sequences aided segregation, but rhythmic predictability and longer tone durations did not. Frequency alternation during the induction sequence was not necessary to induce segregation in the test sequence. Furthermore, peripheral processes inadequately account for the segregation effects found. The data suggest that, once a distinct percept emerges from an auditory scene, properties derived from the percept (particularly changes) are fed back to control the ongoing analysis of that auditory scene. A neural adaptation to stimuli with constant properties may form part of this analysis.     

Webcam testing: Validation of an innovative open-ended multimedia test

A modern test that takes advantage of the opportunities provided by advancements in computer technology is the multimedia test. The purpose of this study was to investigate the criterion-related validity of a specific open-ended multimedia test, namely a webcam test, by means of a concurrent validity study. In a webcam test a number of work-related situations are presented and participants have to respond as if these were real work situations. The responses are recorded with a webcam. The aim of the webcam test which we investigated is to measure the effectiveness of social work behaviour. This first field study on a webcam test was conducted in an employment agency in The Netherlands. The sample consisted of 188 consultants who participated in a certification process. For the webcam test, good interrater reliabilities and internal consistencies were found. The results showed the webcam test to be significantly correlated with job placement success. The webcam test scores were also found to be related to job knowledge. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that the webcam test has incremental validity up to and beyond job knowledge in predicting job placement success. The webcam test, therefore, seems a promising type of instrument for personnel selection.     

THE IMPACT OF JOB ANALYSIS ON EMPLOYMENT TEST VALIDATION FOR MINORITY AND NONMINORITY ACCOUNTING PERSONNEL

The purposes of the present study were (a) to examine the comparative validity of a written job knowledge test constructed on the basis of a systematic job analysis with that of a commercial employment test selected in the absence of a prior job analysis for accounting positions and (b) to determine the fairness of each test for minority and nonminority job applicants. Results indicated that the job knowledge test was a valid and unbiased predictor of relevant criteria of job performance while the commercial employment test produced adverse impact and lacked validity. Implications of the results for future research studies and test validation efforts involving differential prediction are discussed.     

个体主义—集体主义问卷编制与信效度分析

编制区分参照对象的个体主义—集体主义问卷,检验其信度和效度.在文献和实证研究基础上,构建个体主义—集体主义的理论维度,编写问卷条目.先对385名被试实施初测,进行项目分析和探索性因素分析.再对766名被试实施再测,进行结构验证和信度检验.结果发现,区分参照对象的个体主义—集体主义问卷是包含价值选择和行为理念的两维结构,由19个条目组成.该问卷构想效度和信度良好.因此,区分参照对象的个体主义—集体主义问卷可以作为测量个体主义—集体主义的有效工具.     

Effect of an interference task on a ball-hitting skill by 6- to 10-yr-old children

We explored the functionality of interference on a forehand tennis shot among 145 6- to 10-yr.-old children using the retroactive interference procedure. First, the children were asked to execute 10 forehand drives with a small tennis racquet (prime test). They were then asked to execute 10 frontal returns (interference test). The final probe test was similar to the first test, but children executed only 3 forehand drives. Children were assessed using a developmental category for the forehand drive skill. Each developmental step reflected a common sequence of body configurations exhibited by all individuals and was evaluated point-by-point. Multivariate analysis showed that boys had higher ratings of developmental steps of coordination than girls and that the rated developmental step initially increased with age before stabilizing. The developmental steps of coordination decreased after the interference task. We also showed that interference mechanisms are operative for this gross motor skill in childhood, but no interaction was found with age and sex. Post hoc analysis showed that developmental steps were not significantly different after the interference task for the oldest children, suggesting the onset of the inhibitory process.     

A validation study of a transferred group intelligence test(1)

The purpose of the research was to conduct a validation study of a transferred group intelligence test. The Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test, Level A, Form 1 was translated to Hebrew and administered to an Israeli sample comparable to the original norming group. The results obtained were concerned with variability, reliability, validity, item analysis, intercorrelations among subtests, and factor analysis. While few comparisons of the Israeli sample with the original data were made, the validation of the transferred test was examined in the light of other criteria for evaluating a new test. The suitability of the transferred test for Israeli high achievers from high-status families was supported by the results. The major conclusions were: (1) the total mean IQ scores of Israeli students were approximately the same as the American mean; (2) mean raw scores increased with age; (3) relative difficulty of individual items remained stable through translation and administration in Israeli culture, in three out of five subtests; (4) it appears reasonable to suggest that the factor structure of the translated test is consistent with the intent of the original.     

大学生考试情境下的学业情绪

参加正常期末学业考试的167名大学生对自己在考前、考中、考后的9种学业情绪进行了自评。采用对应分析的方法分析了大学生在考试过程中不同阶段里学业情绪的变化。结果发现:大学生考试中的主要学业情绪有7种:愉快、自豪、希望、焦虑、羞愧、失望和厌烦,可分别以效价(X轴)和唤醒度(Y轴)来划分。各种情绪在考试过程中的变化特点为:愉快、自豪、希望在考后高于考前,而考中相对考前略有下降;焦虑和厌烦呈不断下降的趋势;羞愧和失望随考试的进行而升高,失望在考后达到最高。此外,考试成绩低分组学生的各种消极情绪均明显多于其他学生;希望和考前焦虑存在明显的性别差异;学习兴趣高的学生成绩优秀,考试时的愉快情绪多,厌烦情绪少。     

The functional and developmental organization of cognitive developmental sequences

This study examines the organization and development of 5 domains of reasoning (categorical, quantitative, spatial, causal, and propositional) and the construct validity of a test designed to measure development from early adolescence to early adulthood. The theory underlying the test is first summarized and the conceptual design of the test is then illustrated. Each domain was addressed by tasks tapping abilities known to be acquired in this age period. The test was administered to 629 adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the 5 domains of reasoning and revealed a common factor underlying all domains. The Rasch model was used to scale the items and specify the reliability of the test across the whole sample and within different groups of participants (female, male, students of gymnasium, and students of lyceum). This model showed that the test is highly reliable and invariant across groups. Cluster analysis and the saltus model were applied to uncover successive developmental stage‐like levels of difficulty and showed the presence of five such levels. The procedural and representational characteristics of these levels were also specified and their implications for developmental and cognitive theory were discussed.     

Prediction Study of Adult Creative Achievement: Torrance's Longitudinal Study of Creativity Revisited

The purpose of this study is to reanalyze Torrance's longitudinal study (1981) by employing a multiple regression analysis to find the best predictors for adult creative achievement. A total of 211 cases were available for this study. The results of the regression analysis led to the predictive rule that comprised the following predictors: creativity test score, childhood future career image, intelligence test score, and the existence of a mentor. These four predictors explained 49% of the total variance in adult creative achievement.     

大五人格问卷的结构效度分析

目的:检验大五人格问卷(BF)I的结构效度。方法:分别对258名和640名大学生进行施测,采用验证性因素分析和探索性因素分析对问卷的结构效度进行检验。结果:对问卷进行两次验证性因素分析的RMSEA分别为0.072和0.099,其余模型拟合指数都达到可接收水平。同时,项目的反向计分方式会在一定程度上影响问卷结构的效度。结论:中文版大五人格问卷具有较好的结构效度。