White Picket Fences,White Innocence

Focusing on the cultural implications of the relationship between white segregationist Senator Strom Thurmond and his biracial daughter Essie Mae Washington‐Williams, this essay explores national narratives of whiteness, femininity, morality, and the institutionalization of sexual violence against black women.     

Little White Lies: Racialization and the White/Black Divide

This article emphasizes the importance of considering the history, context and epistemological bases of the use of race and racial categories in North America. Using this contextual grounding, I propose that racial categories are born of racism and not the reverse. I include some salient personal examples of the effects of the construct Whiteness in my own life experience. They are, at the same time, personal, political and cultural. Finally, some suggestions are offered for dealing with the issue of Whiteness, in particular, in feminist therapy, which seeks to uncover power differentials and the personal and political, each embedded in the other.     

White Daughter of Empire

As a white British woman, drawing on a Pilgrim Team Visit to Bangladesh in 2019, I reflect on racism, Empire, and white privilege and on how my eyes have been opened to the history that has shaped me, the wider world, and the Christian faith I have inherited. Through personal memoir, critical reflection on experience, and academic reading, I confront how racism, as a combination of power and prejudice, provides the lens through which I see the world, as a white British woman, and how experience and faith must both challenge and redeem.     

Reflections on White Racism

An account is given of the intellectual process by means of which I wrote my first book, White Racism: A Psychohistory. The process included an incorporation of society and history into the discourse of the unconscious—that is, a way of treating external reality nonreductively while remaining faithful to a radical depth psychology.     

The Snow White problem

Synthese - The Snow White problem is introduced to demonstrate how learning something of which one could not have learnt the opposite (due to observer selection bias) can change an agent’s...     

Assessing White Racial Identity: The White Racial Consciousness Development Scale (WRCDS)

Prior to the ready availability of Helms and Carter's (1990) White Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS-W), Claney and Parker (1989) developed the White Racial Consciousness Development Scale (WRCDS). Using this device they reported finding a curvilinear relationship between the stage of racial identity or consciousness of Whites and their comfort with African American persons. Recently, the WRCDS seems to be gaining acceptance by scholars working in the area of White racial identity. Data, however, are presented suggesting that the WRCDS lacks adequate reliability and concurrent validity and that the findings and future use of the instrument should be questioned.     

Racism and White Counselor Training: Influence of White Racial Identity Theory and Research

White counselors currently and in the future are projected to constitute the majority of counseling practitioners. In a racist and culturally diverse society, White counseling students need to learn to effectively counsel racially diverse clients. In this article, the inclusion of awareness, knowledge, and skills around racism and racial identity development is discussed as critical to counselor training programs with White counseling students. Intentional and strategic efforts to assist White counseling students recognize their personal racial identity and privileges of racism are presented as tools to assist the counseling profession to reduce the perpetuation of racist attitudes and racism.     

White Racial Identity and White Racial Consciousness: Similarities,Differences, and Recommendations

To dispel apparent confusion, White racial identity and White racial consciousness are described and contrasted in terms of theoretical conceptualization and measures used. It is recommended that priority be given to the validation of existing or new measurement instruments to provide a sound basis for future findings. Para disipar la confusión aparente, la identidad racial Bianca, y el conocimiento racial Blanco, se describen y son contrastados en términos de sus conceptos teóricos y las medidas empleadas. Se recomienda dar prioridad a la validación de instrumentos existentes o nuevos para proporcionar una base sólida para los deseubrimientos futuros.     

White Flowers/Black Berries

Women Who Run With the Wolves: Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype. Clarissa Pinkola Estés. New York: Ballantine, 1992.

God Is a Trauma. By Greg Mogenson. Dallas: Spring, 1989.

Lilith—The First Eve: Historical and Psychological Aspects of the Dark Feminine. By Siegmund Hurwitz. Switzerland: Daimon-Verlag, 1992.

Ultradian Rhythms in Life Processes: An Inquiry Into Fundamental Principles of Chronobiology and Psychobiology. Edited by David Lloyd and Ernest L. Rossi. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Theft of the Spirit: A Journey to Spiritual Healing with Native Americans. By Carl A. Hammerschlag, M.D. New York: Simon &; Schuster, 1993.

Meeting the Madwoman: An Inner Challenge for the Feminine Spirit. By Linda Schierse Leonard. New York: Bantam, 1993.

Beginner's Guide to Jungian Psychology. By Robin Robertson. York Beach, Maine: Nicolas-Hays, 1992.