DEFINISSEURS CULTURELS ET REPERES INDIVIDUELS: LE RAPPORT AU CORPS CHEZ LES PERSONNES AGEES

In ageing the relationship to the body refers to the way in which old age is defined in our representational systems. This defining process intervenes on a social and individual level. The individual relationship to ageing is influenced by the way in which our society prefers a spatial or corporeal definition of old age to a temporal one and by the way in which it assigns a certain position to the individual on the ageing scale. In reference to this defining process different conceptions regarding the relationship between corporeity and ageing appear. Drawing on a survey of the literature and an exploratory interview conducted among elderly, three types of corporeity are disclosed. First, the diagnosed corporeity, which is also defined by the medical system in chronic illness terms, reflects our fear of the irreversibility and the deterioration which we associate with this stage of life. Second, the imagined and projected corporeity of the elderly by which they themselves react to their devalorised image offered by society. Third, the lived and acted corporeity in which the corporeal signs reflect the social, relational, and behavioral space. In these different domains the concept of strategy seems appropriate to learn how the aged copes, at the margins, with his/her life conditions which are very difficult as well in a material, social as symbolic sense.     

摩洛哥的多元文化、社会性别和政治参与

引言本文旨在讨论摩洛哥多元文化的活力、社会性别及妇女的政治参与问题。摩洛哥的社会语言环境具有多种语言并存和文化多样的特点。在这里,阿拉伯、柏柏尔和伊斯兰的传统与民主、自由、社会公正和人权等现代普世价值的相互交融形成了多元文化的特征。     

LA PERCEPTION DES RELATIONS SPATIALES DANS LE DESSIN ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DES OPERATIONS CONCRETES*

Pictorial perception entails complex cognitive skills. Piaget and Inhelder (1948) have shown that the understanding of spatial relations follows a path that leads from topological to Euclidean concepts. We hypothesize that there is a strong correlation between the performance on Piagetian spatial tasks and pictorial perception. The three-dimensional reconstruction of drawings is a good measure of pictorial perception. The study shows that pictorial perception is correlated significantly (p < 1%) with the performance on Piagetian spatial tasks, and also, to a lesser degree, on tasks of elementary logic. The spontaneous understanding of the meaning of the pictures (in this case sanitary messages) is related to the understanding of spatial relations, while the relationship is less strong with the recall of the messages.     

DIMENSIONS COGNITIVES ET COMPORTEMENTALES CHEZ LES JOUEURS RÉGULIERS ET OCCASIONNELS AU BLACKJACK

Empirical studies in the psychology of gambling have revealed at least two well supported findings: (1) irrational cognitions outnumber rational cognitions during gambling (Gaboury and Ladouceur, 1987; Ladouceur, Gaboury, Dumont and Rochette 1988); (2) risk-taking behavior increases as a function to exposure to gambling activities (Ladouceur, Mayrand and Tourigny 1987; Ladouceur, Tourigny and Mayrand 1986). The present study compared regular and occasional gamblers on cognitive and behavioral measures during a blackjack session using the thinking aloud method. The results confirmed that regular players emitted more irrational thoughts than occasional gamblers. The theoretical and practical implications of those results are discussed within the general context of the psychology of gambling.     

18世纪的人身--人权起源

近30年来,历史学家们着手研究人身表象中所发生的变化。在这方面,米歇尔·福柯发挥了很大作用,他坚持说西方的个人主义问题是由出现在诸如监狱或者性生活等迥然不同领域的人身惩戒的新法则构建的。我们不能无视福柯的著作,但为了了解人身的权利,本文将采取一个不同的路径,即以人身的独立性、不可侵犯性和自律性概念为中心,因为它们构成在诸如肖像艺术或者司法刑讯等如此多样领域里见到的人身特征。在《监视与惩罚》中,福柯分析了监狱的惩罚实践,但十分明确地坚持说学校、医院、工厂和兵营本质上都使用同样的方法。所有这些机构设置了一种“…