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1.
本研究主要讨论幼儿自我调节能力的发展及与气质的关系。研究从执行功能的角度入手,采用实验法和问卷法对90名3~5岁的幼儿进行研究,通过创设难度递进的冲突情境来考察儿童在两种不一致规则中的转换能力。结果表明,幼儿自我调节能力的发展随年龄增长而提高,并存在显著的年龄差异;幼儿气质与自我调节能力的发展有着密切的关系,特别是专注性和社会抑制性维度对不同水平的幼儿自我调节能力的方差检验都达到了显著,二者与年龄一起,能够对幼儿自我调节能力进行一定程度的预测。  相似文献   

2.
通过对幼儿3岁半掌控动机的任务评估、5岁半入学准备能力的测验及气质的教师评定,考察了幼儿掌控动机与能力的纵向关系,及任务类型与气质在两者关系中的调节作用。结果发现:(1)探索反馈任务中,气质因素活动性-专注性具有显著调节作用。对于活动型幼儿,探索时间负向预测了认知知识,掌控感负向预测了精细动作技能和学习方式,而对于专注型幼儿,预测关系不显著;(2)挑战性任务中成功的幼儿,气质因素反应性-抑制性具有显著调节作用。对于抑制型幼儿,掌控感正向预测了精细动作技能,而对于反应型幼儿,预测关系不显著;(3)挑战性任务中失败的幼儿,气质因素活动性-专注性具有显著调节作用。对于专注型幼儿,坚持性正向预测了学习方式,而对于活动型幼儿,预测关系不显著。  相似文献   

3.
幼儿气质与母亲教养方式的选择   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
杨丽珠  杨春卿 《心理科学》1998,21(1):43-46,56
采用TTQ儿童气质问卷、母亲教养方式问卷和访谈法,对3-5岁322名幼儿气质及其母亲教养方式进行调查,探求幼儿气质对母亲教养方式的影响,以提高母亲对其子女教养水平和有效性。研究结果表明:幼儿气质是影响母亲教养方式的重要因素,其作用不同。1.容易引发母亲良好的教养方式的积极气质因素,如较高的适应性、积极乐观的心境、较高的注意持久性;2.容易引发母亲不良的教养方式的消极气质因素,如高反应强度、高活动性  相似文献   

4.
运用自编的幼儿情绪调节策略调查问卷和儿童气质问卷(PTQ)对幼儿进行研究,结果发现:除自我安慰外,其它各种情绪调节策略都与气质的某些维度存在不同程度的相关,不同气质类型的幼儿在问题解决和被动应付这两种调节策略的运用中存在显著差异.此外,5岁的难养型幼儿对替代调节策略的运用显著多于同年龄的易养型幼儿.  相似文献   

5.
为探究混龄教育和气质对幼儿创造性人格的影响,本研究通过问卷法对238名3~4岁幼儿进行为期一年的追踪研究。结果发现:混龄教育和非混龄教育幼儿的创造性人格都随年龄的增长呈上升趋势发展;相比非混龄教育,混龄教育对幼儿创造性人格总体和部分维度的促进作用更加显著;气质情绪性、活动性和反应性在混龄教育和幼儿创造性人格间起正向调节作用。  相似文献   

6.
通过对51名5.5岁幼儿掌控动机的问卷评估、入学准备能力的情境测验以及气质的教师评定,考察了幼儿多领域掌控动机与入学准备各领域能力之间的关系及气质在两者关系中的调节作用。结果发现,对于专注倾向(高专注性-低活动性和情绪性)幼儿,物体掌控动机正向预测了精细动作技能和学习方式,大动作掌控动机正向预测了感觉运动技能;对于反应倾向(高反应性-低抑制性)幼儿,同伴社会掌控动机正向预测了精细动作技能;而对于抑制倾向(低反应性-高抑制性)幼儿,同伴社会掌控动机则负向预测了精细动作技能、感觉运动技能和学习方式。  相似文献   

7.
采用实验室实验观察和问卷法相结合的方法,考察幼儿气质与其自我延迟满足能力的关系.研究结果表明:(1)儿童气质与自我延迟满足能力发展有密切关系.(2)负情绪水平低,坚持性好和冲动性低的儿童自我延迟满足能力的发展较好.活动性水平高的儿童自我延迟满足的能力较差.(3)修订的TAB-R量表有较好的信度和效度,可以用来测定与自我控制相关的研究.  相似文献   

8.
以幼儿创造性人格倾向教师评定问卷、儿童气质教师评定问卷作为研究工具,对287名3岁和4岁组幼儿进行为期一年的追踪研究,考察幼儿气质与创造性人格的发展变化情况,以及幼儿气质与其创造性人格之间的关系。结果发现:随着时间的发展,幼儿气质对其创造性人格有显著影响。幼儿的情绪性、活动性、反应性及专注性均能够显著正向预测其创造性人格,而幼儿的社会抑制性则能够显著负向预测其创造性人格。  相似文献   

9.
HPA轴(下丘脑?垂体?肾上腺皮质轴, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis)是人体应对压力的重要神经内分泌系统, 其终产物皮质醇常作为测量压力的生物学指标。目前的研究多通过皮质醇日常节律表示静息状态下HPA轴的活动, 而日常节律因其较高的稳定性和可靠性成为儿童生理健康评估的最佳指标。儿童期迅速发育的神经内分泌系统与儿童的行为相互作用, 并受到多种心理社会因素的影响。以往研究主要关注皮质醇日常节律与儿童问题行为及心理社会因素的关系, 未来研究应讨论逆境条件下影响儿童成长的危险性因素和保护性因素, 并探索环境对儿童行为影响可能存在的内分泌机制。  相似文献   

10.
研究以32名小学儿童(平均年龄10.47岁,男生16人)为被试,采用唾液皮质醇为应激测验的客观指标、以被试主观紧张度为主观指标,考察特里尔社会应激测验对中国儿童皮质醇分泌的影响。结果表明:(1)社会应激测验任务引发儿童皮质醇浓度和主观紧张度的显著上升,任务后的恢复期皮质醇浓度和主观紧张度能够恢复到任务前的水平。(2)社会应激测验任务引发的男生皮质醇水平变化显著高于女生,但是引发的主观紧张度水平变化不存在显著性别差异。社会应激测验中文修订版能够有效引发儿童的压力应激变化,可以用其开展儿童社会应激的相关研究。  相似文献   

11.
    
Abstract

Temperament styles of 400 Nigerian children are described in reference to possible gender and age differences and compared with those of 3200 U.S. children in light of Jung's theory of temperament as modified by Myers and Briggs, one that highlights four bipolar qualities: extroversion-introversion, practical-imaginative, thinking-feeling, and organized-flexible styles. Nigerian children generally prefer introverted to extroverted styles, practical to imaginative styles, feeling to thinking styles, and organized to flexible styles. In contrast to males, females are more likely to prefer feeling and organized styles. Age differences are seen only on organized-flexible styles, with a preference for flexible styles increasing with age. In contrast to U.S. children, Nigerian children tend to express higher preferences for introversion, practical, feeling, and organized styles.  相似文献   

12.
    
The effects of fair treatment on saliva cortisol release of low and high Type-A behavior participants in high or low stress conditions are studied. Based on the Injustice Stress Theory (Vermunt & Steensma, 2001), predictions were made about fair treatment as a stress reducing factor. The results support the expected effect of fair treatment in that high type-A behavior participants in the low stress conditions had lower saliva cortisol levels after fair treatment while this effect was absent in the neutral condition, while low type-A behavior participants showed lower saliva cortisol release in the high stress conditions after fair treatment while this effect was absent in the neutral condition. Moreover, saliva cortisol scores are correlated positively with negative affect scores and negatively with positive affect scores. The discussion focuses on theoretical implications and suggestions for future research.  相似文献   

13.
为探索气质特征对学龄前儿童牙科治疗行为的影响,本研究采用《中国学龄前儿童气质量表(CPTS)》测查了218名3~7岁首次接受牙科治疗儿童的气质特征,同时用Frankl Behavior Rating Scale(FBRS)对其牙科治疗行为进行评估。结果显示:适应性、趋避性及心境三个气质维度得分高的儿童出现牙科治疗行为问题几率大,其中适应性与牙科治疗行为问题相关性最大,气质类型为麻烦型、发动缓慢型儿童易出现牙科治疗行为问题,男孩较女孩更容易出现牙科治疗行为问题。本研究结果为临床儿童牙科医生如何应对有牙科治疗行为问题的儿童提供了理论依据,对如何进行牙科行为管理有一定的临床指导价值。  相似文献   

14.
    
This paper presents the first study to examine the psychometric qualities of a Turkish translation and adaptation of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire – Revised (EATQ‐R). Participants included 1,109 Turkish adolescents (48.7% females) aged 11 to 15 years. Results showed that internal consistency of the broad EATQ‐R factors ranged from .65 to .74, internal consistency of the 11 fine‐grained scales was comparable to that reported for the original English instrument, and test–retest stability of EATQ‐R scales ranged from .60 to .70. Principal axis factoring of the scales revealed a three‐factor structure (Effortful Control, Surgency, and Affiliativeness) that roughly reflected the structure obtained in U.S. samples. Item‐level factor analysis revealed and confirmed eight factors consistent with a priori scales. Concurrent validity, assessed through correlations between EATQ‐R and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales, found that Effortful Control was negatively correlated with Total Difficulties and Hyperactivity‐Inattention Problems; Effortful Control, Affiliativeness, and Surgency were positively correlated with Prosocial Behaviors; and Frustration was linked to Emotional, Conduct, Hyperactivity‐Inattention, and Total Difficulties. Our results suggest that the EATQ‐R is a useful questionnaire to measure reactive and regulative temperamental traits in Turkish children and adolescents.  相似文献   

15.
The behavioral inhibition scale (BIS) is a brief rating scale for measuring behavioral inhibition in children. The present study examined the test–retest stability of the BIS in a sample of 7–12-year-olds consisting of inhibited and non-inhibited children (N = 83). Results demonstrated that the BIS scores were fairly stable over a 2-year period, with a test–retest correlation of .77. Further, the BIS scores of inhibited children significantly increased over the 2-year period, whereas those of the non-inhibited comparison group significantly decreased. Finally, the BIS was in a theoretically meaningful way associated with temperamental traits as measured by the Rothbart scales. Altogether, these results provide support for the reliability and validity of the BIS.  相似文献   

16.
基于教师评定的3~9岁儿童气质结构   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
刘文  杨丽珠 《心理学报》2005,37(1):67-72
该研究采用理论推导、开放式问卷和个案追踪相结合的方法,对744名3~9岁儿童的气质进行理论建构,自编儿童气质教师问卷,采用AMOS技术进行验证性因素分析,对3~9岁儿童气质结构进行研究。结果表明, 3~9岁儿童气质是由情绪性、活动性、反应性、社会抑制和专注性五维度组成的多维整体;研究所编制的3~9岁儿童气质教师评定问卷具有较好的信度和效度。  相似文献   

17.
3~9岁儿童同情心与儿童气质类型的关系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
该研究采用问卷调查法,探索3~9岁儿童同情心与儿童气质类型的关系,研究表明不同气质类型儿童的同情心水平存在显著差异。  相似文献   

18.
The prevalence, structure, stability, and predictors of change in early behavior problems were examined in a population-based sample of Norwegian children at 18 and 30 months of age (N = 750). A clear factor structure involving four dimensions emerged at both assessment times: Two factors were characterized by externalizing behaviors and were labeled Social Adjustment and Overactive-Inattentive; one factor tapped internalizing problems and was labeled Emotional Adjustment; and the fourth, related to general immaturity, was labeled Regulation. Specific patterns of child and family risk factors were associated with stability and change over the two time points for each factor. Children with stable problems had the most problematic characteristics on all significant predictors, followed by children with problems at one, but not both, time points. The data suggest that it is possible to identify risk factors for stable problems at 18 months, allowing some prediction of those children whose problems will persist over early childhood. Since specific risk factors emerged for specific types of behavior problems, the results may provide some much-needed guidance to early intervention efforts.  相似文献   

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