Factor structure of a Spanish version of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale in Uruguay

The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was translated into Spanish and administered to 1,423 pupils in Grades 1 thru 12 in Uruguay. An orthogonal varimax rotation was performed, which revealed three factors of anxiety. These factors are quite similar to those found through factor analyses in the RCMAS for American children. A discussion of the factor structure and possible use of this instrument in Latin American countries is presented.     

Factor structure of a Bulgarian translation of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale

The study examined the dimensionality of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale with a sample of 486 10- and 11-yr.-old Bulgarian children. Findings supported the established factor structure of this scale. Certain departures from the American version of the scale were also observed. Bulgarian girls scored significantly higher on the Anxiety scale than Bulgarian boys, and 10-yr.-old Bulgarian boys scored significantly lower than their American peers. Bulgarian children tended to score higher than the American children on the Lie scale. At present this Bulgarian version of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale could be employed as a rough screening test for anxiety.     

Test-retest reliability of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale

Test-retest reliabilities of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale over 1- and 5-wk. intervals were examined for two samples of students, 73 boys and 88 girls in regular sixth, seventh and eighth grade classrooms (11 yr. to 14 yr.). For raw scores the test-retest Pearson r was .88 (1-wk.) and .77 (5-wk.), indicating good reliability. For both samples there was a small difference between test (12.2 for 1-wk. sample; 11.4 for 5-wk. sample) and retest (11.2 for 1-wk. sample; 9.8 for 5-wk. sample) mean raw scores. Implications for test use are discussed.     

Reliability and validity of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale in a French-Canadian sample

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a French version of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). A sample of 2,666 school-age French-Canadian children completed the questionnaire. With regard to factor structure, the 5-factor model found in U.S. normative samples was confirmed. The internal consistency of the 5 scales and of the 2 global scales was good to excellent. Test-retest reliabilities after a 6-month period were also similar to those of the original version. Finally, the concurrent validity, assessed by a correlation with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, was also found to be good. Results of the present study show that the French version of the RCMAS is a good instrument to assess anxiety in children.     

Joint factor analysis of the Children's Depression Inventory and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.

Used a joint factor analysis with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1980/81, 1992) and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS; C. R. Reynolds & Richmond, 1978, 1985) to identify items that uniquely measured depression and anxiety. Data from 750 youngsters in Grades 4 through 7 were analyzed using principal-axis factoring with an oblique rotation. Salient factors were identified using guidelines provide by Gorsuch (1997). Item overlap and the large negative affectivity component across instruments were evident. Items that overlapped or had nonsalient loadings were eliminated. The sample was randomly split into 2 groups of 375 and analyses were repeated. Results indicated that a unique 9-item depression factor composed largely of items representing a negative view of oneself existed. In addition, a unique 7-item anxiety factor emerged that consisted of items reflecting worry. The validity of these abbreviated scales was explored using a separate sample of 131 students in Grades 4 through 9. The abbreviated scales were correlated with scales of positive and negative affect consistent with predictions. Findings suggest exploring alternative scoring strategies for the CDI and RCMAS to eliminate problems associated with overlapping items.     

Factor structure and construct validity of "what I think and feel": The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.

Responses to the Revised-CMAS of 329 children from grades 1 through 12 were factor analyzed. Consistent with current multidimensional theories of anxiety, three primary anxiety factors emerged, supporting the construct validity of the new scale. Implications for interpretation of the revised scale are discussed.     

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale 25-Item Version in El Salvador

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment - The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, 25-Item Version (RCADS-25) is a well-known, brief self-report measure of anxiety and...     

What I Think and Feel: A Revised Measure of Children's Manifest Anxiety

The 1956 adaptation for children of Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, was revised to meet current psychometric standards. A 73-item revision draft was administered to 329 school children from grades 1 to 12. Based on item-analysis criteria for r _bis .4 and .30 p .70, 28 anxiety items were retained along with 9 of the original 11 Lie scale items. A cross-validation sample of 167 children from grades 2, 5, 9, 10, and 11 produced a KR₂₀ reliability estimate of .85. Anxiety scores did not differ across grade or race. Females scored significantly higher than males. For the Lie scale, significant differences appeared by grade and race. No sex differences were obtained on the Lie scale. The resulting scale appears useful for children in grades 1 to 12 and may aid in future studies of anxiety as well as assisting the clinician in the understanding of individual children.     

Alternative Factor Structure for the Revised Self-Consciousness Scale

Confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL; Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1989) of data drawn from a sample of middle and senior school students was used to examine a variety of factor structures proposed in previous studies to underlie self-consciousness. Examination of the content of the Revised Self-Consciousness Scale (Scheier & Carver, 1985) suggested an alternative factor structure. This alternative structure comprised 2 private self-consciousness factors: Rumination on the General Self and Monitoring of Specific Aspects of Self. The public self-consciousness measure was retained as originally formulated with the exception of 1 item that was excluded from the final structure. This model of self-consciousness fit the data better than the 4 previously proposed structures.     

Psychometric Properties and Factorial Structure of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) in Spanish Adolescents

The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale is an instrument widely applied in the assessment of the most common anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. This study examines its psychometric properties and the factorial structure in a large community sample of Spanish-speaking adolescents (N = 1,374) aged 13 to 17 years. The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency and good convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analysis confirmed the 6-factor original model, providing a good fit of the data for the Spanish sample. The good psychometric properties support its use by clinicians and researchers, adding evidence to the international empirical support for this measure.     

Factor Structure of the Spanish Version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire

A Spanish translation of the Ways of Coping (WOC-S) questionnaire was administered to three samples of Latinos sampled from Mexico City, Puerto Rico, and the San Francisco Peninsula, respectively. The factor structure of the WOC-S was assessed with both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The factor structure that emerged was found to have important similarities and differences compared to that previously reported for members of the predominant United States culture. Across the sampled Latino groups, the WOC-S exhibited evidence of both strong and strict factorial invariance (Meredith, 1993), suggesting it is appropriate for cross-cultural research assessing coping within diverse Latino populations.     

Psychometric Properties and Clinical Cut-Off Scores of the Spanish Version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents

Psychotic (P) and Non-Psychotic (N-P) retardates were compared on 13 Rorschach “indicators” of psychosis using a matched pairs technique. Two of the 13 signs were found to significantly differentiate between groups with the P group demonstrating a lower F% and higher C' responding than the N-P group.     

Factor structure of the Spanish version of the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS)

This paper presents the Spanish version of the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS), a rating scale for children and adolescents assessing anxiety disorders as they appear in the DSM-IV. SCAS scores were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses in a sample of 1671 children 10 to 17 years old. Results supported the proposed structure of six interrelated scales. This structure is completely invariant (except for means) in boys and girls and across age groups. Overall, girls scored slightly higher than boys. The relationship of SCAS scores with the child's age was nonexistent or very low and negative. The least frequent anxiety problems among children and adolescents were panic attacks and agoraphobia. Problems that most frequently presented extreme high scores were obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia. It is concluded that the Spanish version of the SCAS can confidently be used in the assessment of anxiety disorders in children.     

Modifications in Junior-High-School Children's Verbal Behavior as a Function of Social Approval and Manifest Anxiety

Ability to take the perspective of another was studied among 97 5 to 6- and 7 to 9-year-old Anglo American and Mexican American boys and girls. These children were administered seven perceptual role-taking tasks and the Children's Embedded Figures Test of field-independence. Results indicated no significant cultural differences. Results were contrary to previous findings in three respects: (a) children were able to take the role of another younger than originally theorized by Piaget; (b) role-taking and field-independence were not significantly related when age is controlled; and (c) low and inconsistent correlations among the visual perspective role-taking tasks indicate that visual perspective role-taking is not an established unidimensional construct.     

Factor Structure and Internal Consistency of a Spanish Version of the Family Quality of Life (FaQoL)

This study examines the factor structure and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Family Quality of Life scale (FaQoL). After translating and back-translating the instrument, we administered it to 324 families with a child with disabilities or developmental delays or who was at risk and who was enrolled in an early intervention (EI) program. Families were recruited from EI services in Spain, from 12 autonomous communities. Children’s average age was 38.6 months. Results showed the FaQoL scores had high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit with the original factors, even slightly higher than the original four-factor solution. These results allow factors scores to be used reliably with Spanish families.     

Factor Structure of the Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale in Patients Diagnosed with Anxiety Disorders

The Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (IIRS) is a measure designed to assess the impact of illness on various domains of functioning (G. M. Devins, 1994). In anxiety disordered patients, illness intrusiveness ratings are higher than those of chronically ill medical patients, suggesting that the IIRS may have a different underlying structure in a sample of individuals with anxiety disorders. To examine this possibility, IIRS items were submitted to an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in 2 samples (total N = 294). These solutions were compared to solutions in chronically ill populations from a previous study. In the exploratory analysis, both a one-factor and a three-factor solution were identified, accounting for 42 and 61% of the variance, respectively. Confirmatory analyses showed adequate similarity between the three-factor structure of the IIRS from a medically ill population and the current three-factor structure, suggesting that elevated IIRS scores in anxiety disordered samples cannot be explained simply by a different structure of the instrument.     

Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a clinical sample of 513 youth referred for mental health assessment at a university clinic. Internal consistency and factor analysis provided support for the factorial validity of the RCADS. Convergent and discriminant validity tests against both clinical interview and self-report criteria also suggested favorable properties of the RCADS. In comparative tests with traditional measures of anxiety and depression, the RCADS generally showed greater correspondence to specific diagnostic syndromes. Clinical cutoffs are reported for the purposes of future clinical and research applications.