中学生社会适应性的理论构建及量表编制

社会适应性是人们适应社会所需要的心理素质。通过开放式调查和理论分析,构建社会适应性的维度：心理优势感、心理能量、人际适应性和心理弹性。据此编制中学生社会适应性量表对1809名中学生的测量结果表明．社会适应性维度及其成分与社会适应性量表具有较好的信度和效度。     

小学生社会技能家长评定量表编制与适用研究

研究旨在编制针对小学生社会技能的家长评定量表。有效样本1027名(男484名,女543名)。通过量表的编制、预测、修改和再测,确定了量表的3个层次,9个因素,量表的内在一致性信度为0.88,分半信度为0.76,量表总分与效标分数(同伴正提名分)相关显著(P<0.01)。量表编制发现:小学生社会技能在总体上存在性别和年级差异,女生显著高于男生,三年级显著低于二年级、五年级和六年级。     

中学生内疚和羞耻情境量表的编制及适用:基于多元文化背景下中学生道德情感研究*

旨在编制中学生内疚和羞耻情境模拟量表并初步考察不同民族中学生内疚和羞耻的特点。对2000名混合学校中学生进行施测。项目分析显示,高、低分组被试在大部分项目上差异显著,量表中的20个项目基本符合心理测量学要求;信度分析显示量表的内部一致性系数分别为0.86和0.87,分半信度分别为0.81和0.83;因素分析表明其结构效度良好。总体而言,中学生的内疚感显著高于羞耻感,且均随年级增高而逐渐增加;女生的内疚感和羞耻感显著高于男生。量表的信效度均达到了心理测量学的基本要求,可用于不同民族中学生的测试。     

职业评定量表(VIESA)的信度和效度研究

根据D.E.Super的职业发展理论,职业选择的成熟与发展一般分为五个阶段,中学生正处在从探索到成熟的重要转变期。本研究以美国大学测验中心的职业分类系统为基础,以职业评定量表VIESA为工具和对象,对北京市第六十五中学的179名高中三年级学生和北京师范大学心理学系的55名二年级学生进行了施测,检验了量表的信度和效度。量表的信度指标基本在.70以上,构想效度良好,以专业满意感为效标的效标效度达到显著水平。     

中学生心理素质特点的初步研究

运用问卷调查和因素分析等量性研究方法 ,结合技术性文献分析、开放性译码、主轴译码等扎根理论质性研究方法 ,对中学生心理素质概念和成分进行了探讨。中学生心理素质是以生理条件为基础的 ,将外在获得的东西内化成稳定的、基本的、衍生的 ,并与人的社会适应行为和创造行为密切联系的心理品质 ,包含认知特性、个性和适应性三个维度 ,具体化为 1 8个因素成分。编制的中学生心理素质量表具有较高的信度和效度。中学生心理素质表现出性别、年级的特点 ,从年级发展趋势来看 ,呈现高二 >初二 >初一 >高一 >高三 >初三的年级发展走向。     

希望特质量表在中学生群体中的信、效度检验

通过对770名中学生施测,检验Snyder的希望特质量表（TTHS）的信度和效度。结果表明,总量表的重测信度、量表的结构效度和效标效度符合心理测量学要求。ITHS可以作为测量中国中学生希望特质的工具。在中国文化背景下。Snyder提出的希望特质仍然是一种积极的心理品质,希望特质也从某方面代表着中国中学生的心理健康水平。     

《儿童认知能力诊断量表》的编制

《儿童认知能力诊断量表》(简称DSCAC)是编制来鉴别和诊断学习不良儿童的一个认知能力测验。它由三个分测验和八个项目组成。我们在1986年建立了DSCAC的杭州市一、二年级的年级常模。结果表明;1)本量表能反映出年级间认知能力发展的趋势;2)量表的重测信度一、二年级均在0.81以上,说明量表是可靠且稳定的;3)通过因素分析,量表内部一致性分析和DSCAC与WISC—R相关分析来评价本量表的效度。结果发现,DSCAC具有较好的构思效度和内部一致性。     

青少年科学创造力测验的编制

基于科学创造力的结构模型、青少年科学创造力的表现及托兰斯的创造性测验,编制了青少年科学创造力测验,并用该测验施测于英国的1087名中学生和中国的1087名中学生,结果表明:(1)《青少年科学创造力测验》具有较高的信度,Cronbachα系数、评分者信度、重测信度均达到心理测验学要求的水平;(2)《青少年科学创造力测验》具有较高的结构效度。     

中学生人格五因素问卷的编制

本研究在综述国内外有关研究文献的基础上,对中学生进行深入访谈,编制了中学生人格五因素问卷,并用此问卷施测于北京某普通中学148名男生和156名女生。研究结果表明:(1)自编中学生人格问卷可以提取出五个因子,分别命名为开放性、外向性、宜人性、谨慎性和情绪性。(2)问卷有较好的信度和效度。问卷的克伦巴赫α系数,维度与总分的相关以及分半信度都达到心理测量学要求的水平。该问卷与NEO人格问卷以及与父母评价量表的相关都达到显著水平。     

中学生应激源量表的初步编制

本研究根据浙江省的行政区域划分,在6个城市采取分层整群抽样方法选取1870名从初一到高三的中学生,对所编制的中学生应激源量表进行了项目分析和因素分析,得到包括学习压力、教师压力在内的7个因子,验证了量表的信效度,最后形成由39个条目组成的中学生应激源量表,并在浙江省范围内确定了常模。信度和效度检验结果都符合心理测量的要求,量表的编制达到了预期的设计目的     

Der Foto-Hand-Test

Projective psychological techniques might be useful for measuring forensically relevant constructs in the context of a multimodal assessment strategy but are often considered to be deficient concerning reliability and validity. The Photo Hand Test (FHT), a German version of the Hand Test, is a diagnostic tool aimed at measuring aggressive dispositions. It uses photographs of hand gestures which test persons are required to interpret. The answers are coded and an acting-out score is computed from diverse categories.A study on the reliability and validity of the FHT protocols from 98 offenders and a comparison group of 55 non-offenders was carried out. Internal consistency coefficients of the FHT scores were low and unsatisfactory. Offenders had higher acting-out scores than non-offenders, they did not give more aggression-prone interpretations but more interpretations coded as aggression-inhibiting. Correlations of the FHT scores with self-report scales from the Antisocial Personality Questionnaire did not show the expected patterns; however, they did suggest effects of a hostility bias: persons who interpreted many hand gestures as aggression-prone did not describe themselves as highly aggressive or impulsive but were more distrustful and paranoid. This indicates a projection mechanism different from the one postulated by the FHT authors.The results suggest that FHT measures should be interpreted with caution in forensic evaluations.     

儿童社会生活适应量表的编制与应用

本研究编制的儿童社会生活适应量表具有较高的信度和效度,该量表包含五个因素:亲社会行为、居家、生活自我管理、情绪监控和社会交往。我国儿童的社会生活适应总体上存在显著的性别差异,具体体现在亲社会行为、居家、生活自我管理、情绪监控方面,女生显著高于男生。从年级的发展趋势看,儿童社会生活适应总体上呈上升趋势,他们的社会生活适应能力在不断增强。     

Investigating Treatment Fidelity and Social Validity of a Peer-Mediated Postsecondary Reading Intervention

Reading opens many doors and students who do not comprehend well face serious barriers as they enter postsecondary academic institutions. Young people should be able to read and write when they graduate from high school. Such skills allow people to continue their education as well as increase their odds that they can earn an adequate salary. The percentage of 12th graders reading below grade level has remained remarkably stable over the years. A large number of students entering colleges and universities are unable to derive meaning from print at age-expected levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment fidelity and social validity of a systematic and explicitly structured peer-mediated reading comprehension intervention on the reading performance of underprepared postsecondary students. Seven peer mentors and sixteen first-time college students participated in the study. Results indicated the peer-implemented reading program was implemented with high levels of treatment fidelity and social validity while also yielding statistically significant comprehension gains.     

同伴友谊质量与留守儿童社会适应性的关系：有调节的中介模型

以生态系统理论为主要理论基础,对1440名农村留守儿童进行调查研究,建立农村留守儿童社会适应性的影响因素结构模型。研究发现,师生关系、友谊质量和自我意识直接影响社会适应性;亲子沟通、社会支持分别通过影响师生关系、友谊质量和自我意识而间接地影响社会适应性。应格外重视留守儿童的友谊质量及自我意识,同时加强亲子沟通,完善社会支持系统,形成学校、家庭、社会教育合力,切实提高农村留守儿童社会适应性。     

Coping behavior in depression: report on a new scale

The Coping Strategies Scales (COSTS) were developed to provide a means of measuring how depressed persons cope with depression and to identify the behavior which they find to be most or least helpful. Items were rated by eight psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers. Those items achieving 75% level of agreement on scale assignments were included. The COSTS was then administered to 100 depressed outpatients and inpatients currently in psychotherapy. A replication study of 64 patients was also completed. Nine of the 10 scales had acceptable internal reliability, ranging from 0.70 to 0.86. An initial factor analysis of the 10 scale scores showed there to be three primary factors. Internal reliability coefficients for these three factorially-derived scales ranged from 0.86 to 0.91.     

乌特勒支恋家症量表在大学生中的信效度检验

为检验中文版乌特勒支恋家症量表在大学生群体中的信效度,使用样本1(n=1071),进行信效度检验与测量等值性,使用样本2(n=177,连续5期)检验跨时点的纵向测量等值性。结果表明中文版乌特勒支恋家症量表为五因子结构,包含想家、孤独、想念朋友、适应困难和关于家庭的沉思5个维度,具有良好的信效度、效标效度与测量等值性。意味该量表适合在我国大学生群体中使用,并能够用于跨性别、年级以及时点的相关研究。     

青少年社会适应行为的发展特点

本研究应用自编的《青少年社会适应行为量表》,以广州市6所中学的1566名学生为被试,探讨了青少年社会适应行为的发展特点。研究结果表明：（1）在普通中学就读的青少年,总体上社会适应行为发展较好,但是发展情况也不太理想,良好社会适应行为商数（Adaptive Behavior Quality,ABQ）和不良社会适应行为商数（Maladaptive Behavior Quality,MABQ）各分数段的人数分布,都与理论分布存在显著的差异,其社会适应良好优秀的比例低于理论分布,而实际中下和低下的比例高于理论分布。（2）在青少年良好社会适应行为的总分上,年级与性别、年级与城乡来源和城乡来源与性别三组交互作用都显著;在不良适应行为的总分上,年级与性别、年级与城乡来源两组交互作用都显著。(3)青少年在良好适应行为上年级差异显著,表现为初一社会适应水平最高,而高一社会适应行为水平最低。在不良适应行为上年级差异显著,表现为初一学生不良适应行为最少。（4）青少年社会适应行为的性别总体上差异不显著,但在具体维度上,男生自我定向、社会生活、学习适应和社交适应都显著高于女生,而在社会认知与性维度上则相反。（5）城市户口的青少年良好社会适应行为总分显著高于在城市中学就读的农村户口学生,在不良社会适应行为方面则相反     

The Adolescent Activities Checklist: Reliability,standardization data,and factorial validity

This study was conducted to provide standardization data and information on the reliability and factorial validity of the recently developed Adolescent Activities Checklist (AAC). A total of 563 adolescents in grades 7 through 12 served as subjects. Significant main effects for gender, race, and grade were obtained in a multivariate analysis of variance. On the basis of this information, standardization data were established for these three variables. Further investigation indicated that the internal consistency of the AAC was high. In addition, results of a principal components analysis conducted on the frequencies of the Unpleasant and Pleasant Activities subscales revealed four and three factors, respectively. For unpleasant activities, the major dimensions were found to occur in three situations-namely, social interactions, family situations, and school situations. Stressful events also occurred as one of the four unpleasant activities dimensions. For pleasant activities, three dimensions appeared: heterosocial behavior, reinforcing interpersonal situations, and social reinforcement.     

农村儿童社会性发展问卷的编制

为考察农村儿童社会性发展的现状,本研究编制了农村儿童社会性发展问卷,并对2681名农村中小学生进行了调查。结果发现,农村儿童社会性发展包括社会道德、社会态度、社会情感、社会行为和社会交往等五个方面,部分维度存在显著的性别和年级差异,非留守儿童的社会态度和社会交往水平明显高于留守儿童。该问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为评估农村中小学生社会性发展的有效工具。