围生期叙事照护与生育关怀叙事生态研究

围生期死亡并未引起医护人员和社会的重视与关注,往往导致失胎或失婴家庭成员陷入严重的创伤叙事闭锁。以生命健康叙事理念为框架,从创伤叙事闭锁之后的两种不同哀伤应对方式,即工具性舒缓和叙事性调节作为出发点,阐述由围生期胎儿死亡造成的哀伤剥夺给失胎和失婴家庭成员带来的巨大痛苦,进而倡导全社会积极创设关于失胎和失婴主题的良好叙事生态,旨在通过妇产科医护人员的叙事照护,引导“天使父母”分享自己的故事,再现痛苦历程,并藉由叙事赋能,得到关注、找到归属、重构身份,走出创伤叙事闭锁,开始全新的生命旅程。

     

叙事医学教学对提升医学生共情能力的有效性研究

医学对医学生的人文素养有高度的要求,但医学教学中普遍缺乏对医学生共情能力的教育。为提升医学生共情能力,研究提出多层次叙事医学教学建设,通过特定的训练方法即精细阅读与反思性写作,提高医学生的共情和反思能力,在临床医学专业平行班级中,采用整群抽样方式,试验组进行多层次叙事医学教学,对照组常规教学方式,并通过中文版《杰斐逊共情量表》进行两组共情能力比较。结果表明接受多层次叙事医学教学组共情能力优于常规教学组,更有利于医学生以患者为中心的共情管理能力培养。

     

叙事医学模式下的临终关怀——以阿图·葛文德《最好的告别》为例

在临终阶段,帮助患者克服对死亡的恐惧,与患者建立心灵和情感上的沟通,帮助其提高生命质量,有尊严、有意义地度过生命最后的时光显得尤为重要。运用叙事医学理论,结合阿图·葛文德《最好的告别》一书中的案例,分别从医护人员、患者、患者家属三个视角,探讨叙事医学对临终关怀发展的指导意义。相较于传统医学模式,叙事医学模式下的临终关怀能够引导医护人员和患者正确对待衰老与死亡、促进医护人员叙事能力的提高、鼓励患者自我需求的叙事表达、关注家属面对亲人离世时的心理护理、改善家属在医疗决策中的辅助作用。叙事医学对临终关怀的发展具有指导意义,有望进一步推进临终关怀的应用进程。     

赋权、共情与主体性：作为微型民族志的叙事医学

基于对生物医学的批判,疾病叙事转向抓住第一人称的痛苦体验,是为病人赋权的主体性回归过程,成为一种批判性与补充性研究方法。叙事医学促使医务人员达成共情,深入理解病人的生理与社会苦痛,创造医患对话空间。然而,这些叙事局限于医患之间普适性单向互动表达。微型民族志作为叙事医学新范式,是资料收集、赋权、共情、治疗为一体的研究范式,将阿尔茨海默病老人的主体性互动研究作为微型民族志的典型案例,为完善中国叙事医学理论与方法带来更多启示。

     

Narrative Process Coding System in Marital and Family Therapy: An Intensive Case Analysis of the Formation of a Therapeutic System

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the method (Narrative Processes Coding System) for studying the narrative sequences of individual psychotherapy developed by Angus and Hardtke (1994) can be applied in a family therapeutic process. According to the results narrative process coding system adds new dimensions and gives new depth in the narrative understanding of family therapeutic process. In micro-analytic interactional level it shows the complicated interactions between narration, plot, and narrative process type.     

困境与希望：新冠肺炎疫情下的医学叙事

数月以来,新冠肺炎疫情之下的中国医务人员及患者在这场抗疫之战中形成了许多独具特色的医学叙事,其中的文本意义既具有深刻的社会属性,亦具有极强的个人属性。采用参与式观察法,收集、记录自然条件下不同的患者在疫情期间前来医院就诊的疾病故事,共计29个案例,并根据患者就诊中的不同心态将这些案例分为恐慌、无奈和乐观三类,最后尝试以医者的视角,通过三个医务人员的平行病历对疫情之下这三类不同的患者心态进行解读,借此重新审视特殊时代背景之下医者的责任和医学的意义,旨在为后疫情时期的医患关系研究提供一些理论基础和思考空间。     

Body language and metaphors revealed through applications of Movement Psychotherapy in a hospice: A clinical case of refractory pruritis

Movement psychotherapy (MP), and dance/movement therapy (DMT), are body-orientated psychotherapy approaches that use movement for the integration of emotional, cognitive, physical, social and spiritual aspects of self (European Association Dance Movement Therapy, 2010). It is distinctively a combination of moving and sensing the body with verbal self-reflection (Bloom, 2006). Several papers have presented DMT as a treatment in general medical care and cancer care, but there is still a paucity of evidence-based studies. The authors describe a clinical case illustrative of many of the situations in which facing death was particularly tormenting. The emotional pressure can produce a barrier of communication with the risk of rupturing the therapeutic relationship. The movement therapist’s function is to clarify the elements of body language and this has important implications for clinical practice because the end-of-life decisions are difficult, like palliative sedation therapy (PST). Even if procedural guidelines for PST help physicians and care teams through the decision-making process and make them more comfortable when responding to physical suffering, physicians more frequently report an emotional pressure when their patients experience psychological symptoms, with the risk that PST could become a potential “counterphobic defence to treat”.     

Practical Matters and Ultimate Concerns, “Doing,” and “Being”: A Diary Study of the Chaplain's Role in the Care of the Seriously Ill in an Urban Acute Care Hospital

Systematic observational studies of the chaplain's role and function in the secular health‐care setting are few. With an episode‐based diary recorded on handheld digital tablets, palliative care chaplains at a large urban hospital with a diverse patient population recorded details of patient visits in near‐real time. Cluster analysis revealed groups of activities we called "doing" and "being," and conversation topics of "practical matters" and "ultimate concerns”; chaplains were most satisfied with visits that involved all of these. Chaplains offer patients and families a space to express significant concerns; however, visits with spiritual or religious activities or topics were relatively rare. Broad quality of life concerns are central to the evolving professional role of chaplains in the secular setting of the modern hospital.     

人性化医疗的困境:法律与伦理的冲突与整合

随着现代医学的迅猛发展,加强医学人文教育已成为医学界共识。推进医学人文发展的核心是为了实现人性化的医疗,然而,在当今人性化医疗的进程中仍面临着诸多困境,尤其是医学法律与伦理之间的某些矛盾或混沌状态更为突出,因此,实现医学人文各层面的有机契合是当前医疗改革的一个重要环节,需要医患双方及全社会的共同努力,务必要直面问题和解决问题,在追求和谐的整合原则指导下,努力实现医学法律与伦理之间的无缝契合,推进人性化医疗的系统性整合。     

Rethinking Compassion: Toward a Political Account of the Partisan Gender Gap in the United States

Scholarship on the political gender gap in the United States has attributed women's political views to their greater compassion, yet individual‐level measures of compassion have almost never been used to directly examine such claims. We address this issue using the only nationally representative survey to include psychometrically validated measures of compassion alongside appropriate political variables. We show that even though women are more compassionate in the aggregate than men in some respects, this added compassion does not explain the gender gap in partisanship. Female respondents report having more tender feelings towards the less fortunate, but these empathetic feelings are not associated with partisan identity. Women also show a slightly greater commitment to a principle of care, but this principle accounts for little of the partisan gap between men and women and has no significant relationship with partisanship after accounting for gender differences in egalitarian political values.