服装设计中的解构主义

哲学体系中的"解构主义"理论,是与上世纪70年代在反对所谓"结构主义"的浪潮中产生的,其创始人为法国著名哲学家贾奎斯·德里达(Jacque Derrida)。"解构主义设计"是哲学中"解构主义"理论的延伸与应用,最早体现在西方后现代主义建筑中。解构主义的有关结构——解构——重构的理论,对当代设计具有重要的启发和指导意义。如今在服装设计领域,"解构主义设计"正在日益凸显着其独特的内涵与时代魅力,它为设计师们提供了一个全新的、更加自由的设计空间,在这个空间里设计师们可以彻底地解放思想、无拘无束、无法无度、为所欲为!     

佛教哲学与德里达解构主义

针对有的学者把德里达解构主义看作当今“新乘”佛教的状况及学界对德里达思想误读的现象,提出以佛家思想为参照系,对两者在世界“有”“无”关系的本体论问题、世界存在方式问题及语言观等方面进行比较,并强调两者的不同之处是占主流的。此外,对德里达逝世之后的解构主义前景作了展望。     

外与内的游戏——德里达如何解构索绪尔的结构主义思想

德里达的文字学思想与索绪尔的结构主义语言学有很深的思想关系,它们都强调区别是语言系统的根本原则.这种相似性使得有些学者提出,德里达所谓区-别的思想不过是索绪尔区别(或差别)原则的改头换面,并批评德里达对索绪尔的解构式解读是将自己的思想从外部强加给索绪尔文本的结果,根本没有文本根据.因此,如何看待德里达对索绪尔结构主义思想的解读,将关系到解构主义与结构主义的思想区别以及德里达解读本身的合法性问题.     

朝向上帝的否定之路:德里达与艾克哈特

德里达的解构主义与艾克哈特的否定神学有很深的渊源。两人都采用了充满悖论、挑衅逻辑的言说方式,都拒绝正面描述上帝的性质。艾克哈特的上帝源与德里达早期的延异有许多相通之处,德里达晚期以"弥赛亚精神"为核心的宗教思想也受到了艾克哈特的启发。德里达和艾克哈特都试图用一种否定的方式接近上帝之名所代表的先于宗教和神学的原初性信仰。     

解构主义的马克思主义

目前西方所流行的解构主义、解构主义的马克思主义、后现代主义、后现代主义的马克思主义,等等,都是与法国哲学家J.德里达的名字分不开的。 德里达1930年出生于法属殖民地阿尔及利亚,后考入法国巴黎高等师范学校,毕业之后留校任教,成名后长期在美国耶鲁大学担任客座教授。60年代初,德里达曾经是结构主义的“巴黎学派”的一个极为活跃的代表人物之一。德里达前期研究范围主要是语言文字和文学评论,这方面的著作有《论文字学》、《写作与差异》、《署名活动的语境》等等。后期涉及哲学领域较多,主要著作有《哲学的边缘》、《有限公司》和《马克思的幽灵》等。     

德里达与他的《论文字学》

雅克·德里达(Jacques Derrida,1930—)是法国哲学家和批评家,六十年代中后期,他提出“解构”的批评理论,对正统的结构主义和西方形而上学传统提出挑战,激起强烈反映。一般把他视为“后结构主义”的代表。在他的理论影响下形成的“解构主义”思潮几乎占据欧美文学理论界的正统,而且还波及到诸如建筑、绘画雕朔等其他艺术领域。“解     

德里达的解构主义的道德观的启示

德里达的解构主义在政治哲学领域发起的一场革命是:它通过解构,构建了一种与传统的互惠和平等的道德原理完全不同的、非互惠的友爱和关心的道德原理,并把这一道德原理视为正义的基础.德里达认为,基于传统的互惠和平等的道德原理之上的传统的道德观并没有真正把人当作相异的个体性存在来看待,这也造成了基于互惠的平等观念之上的现代法律的困境.本文分析和评价了德里达的道德观,并指出了他的这一带有解构意图的道德观所具有的积极的建构性的意义.     

德里达:从解构主义转向马克思主义——解读《马克思的幽灵》

世纪之交,以其解构主义而享有盛名的德里达不仅继续葆有在后现代主义理论领域的权威性,而且获得马克思主义理论界的广泛关注。原因在于,当苏东剧变、自由主义欢呼“马克思主义已经死亡”,连同其话语理论及其实践一起“灰飞烟灭”之时,德里达却郑重地推出了《马克思的幽灵》一书     

解构的激情与“‘后’之后”——评《马克思的幽灵》

在1993年“马克思主义向何处去”的国际学术会议上,德里达的发言《马克思的幽灵》表明他试图在后现代多元异质关系中发现解构主义与马克思主义的某种共同东西。他游移于马克思主义的批判精神之否定性与解构主义的虚无主义否定性之间,既标举前者,又不肯放弃后者;既划定两者的界限,又企图以解构法则对马克思主义文本进行消解式阅读。一、向马克思致敬的“好时候”由于他异常的姿态(20世纪60年代德里达与马克思主义无缘曾受左派的批评,后来向阿尔都塞结构主义马克思主义的接近,使他终于与马克思主义“相逢”),因此被人奉告:“你真是挑了一个好…     

从读者阅读论的角度对比分析解构主义与接受理论的特点

20世纪60年代以前的西方文论研究中心,主要将视角集中在作家、作品等文学要素,或重视作家的权威性,或重视作品的语言形式,关于读者阅读的研究则往往排除在文学理论之外。20世纪中叶以后,西方文论逐渐将读者及文本阅读引入文学理论研究中,解构主义与接受理论的阅读观逐渐成为传统阅读理论变革的重要催化剂。文学四要素中的读者自此超越作者、作品等要素成为文学活动的主导因素。本文将从读者阅读论的角度对解构主义与接受理论进行对比分析。并从文本阅读特征比较;对作者与读者关系态度的比较;阅读视野意识形态性分析三个方面,重点分析读者阅读理论体系中：接受理论与解构主义的异同之处。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.