(M,R)-Systems and their Realizations

Robert Rosen’s (M,R)-systems are a class of relational models that define organisms. The realization of relational models plays a central role in his study of life, itself. Biology becomes identified with the class of material realizations of a certain kind of relational organization, exhibited in (M,R)-systems. In this paper I describe several realizations of (M,R)-systems, and in particular alternate realizations of the replication component.     

Patterns of agonistic interactions in three species of macaque (Macaca mulatta,M fascicularis,M tonkeana)

Patterns of aggression and response to aggression were studied in three groups of macaques living in semiliberty, each group representing a different species: Macaca mulatta, M fascicularis, and M tonkeana. In Macaca mulatta, intensity of aggression is high (biting is frequent) and symmetry in aggression is low: the aggressee most often flees or submits. In Macaca tonkeana, in contrast, biting is exceptional, aggression is very often bidirectional, and appeasement behaviors are frequently observed. Intermediate patterns are found in Macaca fascicularis with, in addition, especially frequent mild forms of submission. It is argued that relationships exist between intensity of aggression, symmetry in aggression, and development of behaviors controlling aggresssion. Whether balances between these variables are species-specific is discussed.     

The Human Movement Factor (M) in the Rorschach,Motor Activity,and Behavior

The relationship between the M response and one of its basic theoretical components, overt motor activity, measured by participation in varsity level sports and related activities, was determined. 114 Ss were assigned to a participant group and 108 Ss to a non-participant group. The Group Rorschach, the Group Form of Coan’s Individual Movement Cards, and the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey were administered. The results failed to confirm Rorschach’s theory that overt motor activity inhibits kinesthetic perception. Flexor movement was significantly associated with non-participation. The participant group scored significantly higher in Factors G (General Activity), A (Ascendance), S (Sociability), and E (Emotional Stability) of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey. Intellectual functioning appeared as the most important factor in M production.