Verbal and Nonverbal Metaphor With Children in Counseling

The metaphor is typically viewed as a verbal form of expression in traditional talk therapies. However, this definition excludes nonverbal metaphors that children use when they express themselves through play. In this article, the authors examine the use of therapeutic metaphors, both verbal and nonverbal, with children. The roles of the child, counselor, and family in treatment are discussed, along with the benefits and limitations of using therapeutic metaphors with children. The use of quantitative, qualitative, and integrated methods for studying children's use of verbal and nonverbal metaphors in counseling is also examined.     

Counseling Foreign Law Students

This article examines issues that foreign students studying law in the United States may encounter, issues that are proposed within the context of existing information on foreign students, law students, and the law school experience. Implications for counseling are discussed.     

Empathic-Cognitive Development in Students of Counseling

Empathy is both crucial to counseling and a desired outcome in higher education. Since the 1960s, many studies have examined the relationship between stages of adult cognitive development and level of empathy, particularly in counselors. Though positive, findings related to this critical research focus have been grounded in small, local samples, leading several investigators to call for a replication using a large, national sample. In response, this study surveyed 340 graduate student members of a large professional counseling association across the United States. Results indicated that more mature forms of thought (according to the Perry scheme) are associated with higher empathy levels (Hogan scale). Implications are drawn for adult development theory, education of counselors, and higher education reform.     

Nonacademic Career Counseling for Graduate Students

At the University of Michigan, an innovative career counseling service is offered to graduate students. The Office of Non-Academic Career Counseling and Placement assists graduate students expand career options in response to a tight academic market. The career counseling method promotes self-directed behavior and proceeds through a series of four major job-search stages. A brief statement of the effectiveness of our services is included in the discussion.     

Beyond Financial Aid: Counseling Latina Students

Latina college students can be encouraged to negotiate the demands of college if their special needs are understood. This article describes a counseling model used to develop a support group for Latina students at an urban college in the Northeast.     

Brief Counseling With Hispanic American College Students

Sixteen Hispanic American college students met with a Puerto Rican counselor for 2 brief counseling sessions. Brief counseling was a viable and effective approach in helping the students reach their goals. Types of student concerns about and student perceptions of brief counseling were also examined.     

Developing Multicultural Counseling Competencies in Undergraduate Students

The authors assessed the impact of training undergraduates in multicultural counseling competencies. When compared with a control group of students in a psychology of personality course (n = 20), repeated measures analyses of variance confirmed that multicultural counseling trainees (n = 21) significantly increased levels of multicultural counseling awareness and knowledge. As expected, there were no significant changes in either multicultural counseling skills or empathic responding. Los autores evaluaron el impacto de educar a estudiantes universitarios sobre las competencias de consejería multicultural. Comparados con un grupo de control matriculado en un curso de psicología de la personalidad (n = 20), un análisis de variaeión de medidas repetidas confirmó que los niveles de consciencia y conocimiento de los estudiantes de consejería multicultural (n = 21) fueron significativamente aumentados. Como esperado, no se observaron cambios significativos en las habilidades de consejería multicultural ni en las reacciones empáticas.     

Synergetic Counseling and Native American Indian Students

Traditional school counseling efforts have often failed to meet the needs of Native American Indian students. Because many Native American Indian students have spiritual as well as secular concerns, school counselors must become more emphatic and competent in serving these students. This article argues that synergetic counseling efforts with Native American Indian students increase counseling effectiveness. A vignette and suggestions are offered toward that end.     

Critical Issues of Literature on Counseling International Students

A review of the American professional counseling literature brings to light 5 patterns concerning research related to counseling international students. Emergent themes include universal vs. subgroup characteristics, environmental vs. personal factors, developmental vs. pathological perspectives, counseling goals, and methodological problems. Suggestions for future research and practice are provided. En un repaso de la literatura profesional de consejeria americana salen a relucir cinco modelos que tratan la consejeria de estudiantes intemacionales. Algunos temas que resaltan: las características universales en oposición a las sub‐grupales; los factores medioambientales en oposición a los personates; las perspectivas de desarrollo en oposición a las de patología; las metas de consejería; y los problemas metodológicos. Se hacen sugerencias para investigaciones y prácticas futuras.     

Noncognitive Predictors of Counseling Center Use by International Students

International students (N= 230) completed the Noncognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) prior to matriculation as freshmen. Results indicated that noncognitive variables, shown previously to be predictive of academic success for international students, also were predictive of their utilization of counseling center services over a 4-year period. The three noncognitive variables that significantly (p<.05) predicted counseling center use were understanding and ability to deal with racism, preference for long-term goals over short-term, immediate needs, and non-traditional ways of acquiring knowledge. Implications for designing outreach and counseling services for international students are discussed.