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1.
Akinleye I Roberts JS Royal CD Linnenbringer E Obisesan TO Fasaye GA Green RC 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):650-659
Genetic susceptibility testing for common diseases is expanding, but little is known about race group differences in test
perceptions. The purpose of this study was to examine differences between African Americans and Whites in knowledge, attitudes,
and motivations regarding genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Before enrolling in an AD genetic testing
research trial, 313 first-degree relatives of AD patients (20% African American; 71% female; mean age = 58 years) were surveyed
regarding: (1) knowledge about genetics and AD risk; (2) concerns about developing AD; and (3) reasons for seeking testing.
In comparison to Whites, African Americans were less knowledgeable about genetics and AD risk (p < .01) and less concerned about developing AD (p < .05), with lower levels of perceived disease risk (p = .04). The results suggest that African Americans and Whites differ notably in their knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding
genetic testing for AD. Additional research with more representative samples is needed to better understand these differences. 相似文献
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3.
Family history questionnaires (FHQ) are useful tools for cancer genetic counseling, providing an informational basis for pedigree
construction and individualized cancer risk assessment. Reported return rates of mailed FHQs amongst familial cancer clinics
that utilize them are lower than desired however, and it is unknown whether patients perceive required completion of a FHQ
as a barrier to access of cancer genetics services. This study critically evaluated the use of a mailed FHQ for all routine
new patient referrals to a single hereditary cancer clinic in Quebec, Canada. Reasons for response/non-response to a FHQ and
the effect of administration of a questionnaire on patients’ self-reported level of motivation to pursue genetic counseling,
were examined. Of 112 eligible individuals referred during the study period, 86 completed a semi-structured telephone survey;
of these, 45% had returned the mailed FHQ prior to the telephone survey (Responders) and 55% had not (Non-responders). Overall,
the majority of participants indicated a FHQ is an acceptable and understandable method of collecting family history information.
Most prevalent reasons for not returning the FHQ were (bad) timing (56%), and difficulty accessing family history information
(46%). Non-response was significantly associated with difficulty in asking relatives for the requested information (p = 0.011), and Non-responders cited fewer overall perceived benefits of cancer genetic counseling as compared with Responders
(p < 0.0001). One quarter of Non-responders returned the mailed FHQ following administration of the telephone survey, suggesting
implementation of a follow-up prompt is a cost-effective way to increase response. 相似文献
4.
Farrah N. Greene Bruce F. Chorpita A. Aukahi Austin 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(4):405-411
This study sought to clarify the relation of anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents by examining
these variables in the context of depression and negative affect. As outlined in the tripartite model of anxiety and depression,
negative affectivity is common to both emotional constructs; therefore negative affectivity may best explain the relation
of each to suicidal ideation. Self report measures of generalized anxiety, depression, negative affectivity, and suicidal
ideation were assessed in a primarily externalizing sample of children ages 7–18. Results suggested that the relation between
anxiety and suicidal ideation was best accounted for by depression, not negative affectivity. Results also suggested that
negative affectivity was associated with suicidal ideation but did not account for the relations among anxiety, depression,
and suicidal ideation. Further, depression, negative affect, and anxiety all significantly contributed to the prediction of
suicidal ideation scores (r
2
= .307, p < .01). 相似文献
5.
Vandana Shashi Matcheri Keshavan Jessica Kaczorowski Kelly Schoch Kathryn E. Lewandowski Allyn McConkie-Rosell Stephen R. Hooper Thomas R. Kwapil 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):535-544
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between parental socio-economic status (SES) and childhood neurocognition
and behavior in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Although undoubtedly, the deletion of genes
in the 22q11.2 interval is primarily responsible for the psychological manifestations, little is known about the role of the
environment in either mitigating or contributing to these problems. We examined the association of parental socio-economic
status (SES) with cognition and behavior in children with 22q11DS (n = 65) and matched healthy control subjects (n = 52), since SES is a component of family resources. We found that in children with 22q11DS, higher SES correlated with better
overall functioning (p < .01) and social skills (p < .01), and less frequent oppositional defiant behavior (p < .001). These findings were in contrast to the control subjects in whom SES correlated with cognition and achievement, but
not behavior. Our results indicate that environmental factors influence the behavioral phenotype in children with 22q11DS,
providing a framework for developing appropriate interventions. As such, genetic counseling for families with 22q11DS may
include consideration of family resources and inclusion of other health professionals, such as social workers, to explore
with the family available social supports and resources. 相似文献
6.
This study examined the role of comorbid anxiety in treatment outcome for children with mood disorders (N = 165; age 8–11) participating in Multi-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (MF-PEP). Assessments occurred at baseline,
6, 12, and 18 months for two randomly assigned groups: immediate treatment and 1-year wait-list. Most children (69%) had comorbid
anxiety disorders. Baseline comorbid anxiety, as reported on the Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS), was
associated with higher Children’s Depression Rating Scale- Revised (CDRS-R) scores but not Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)
scores. Higher levels of anxiety symptoms were associated with lower Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS) scores. Participation
in MF-PEP did not significantly reduce anxiety symptoms (p = 0.62). However, presence of comorbid anxiety did not impede reduction in depressive (CDRS-R, p = 0.74) or manic (YMRS scores, p = 0.94) symptoms following MF-PEP. More baseline anxiety symptoms were associated with greater improvement in C-GAS scores
post-treatment (p = 0.02). Implications are discussed. 相似文献
7.
This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that belief in a genetic aetiology of schizophrenia will increase the stigma
associated with the disorder. Levels of five potentially stigmatising attitudes were compared in two groups of participants
who had read a vignette describing an individual who has schizophrenia. In one group the disorder was explained as being caused
by ‘genetic’ factors, and in the other by ‘environmental’ factors. This study found that three of the five potentially stigmatising
attitudes measured were increased when participants read a vignette with a genetic causation rather than an environmental
causation. Firstly, genetic attributions increased levels of associative stigma towards close relatives (p < 0.001). Secondly, participants viewed recovery as less likely when genetic factors were implicated as causative (p < 0.001). Finally, there was also an increased perception of the character’s “dangerousness” when the condition was explained
by genetic factors (p < 0.05). Contrary to previous research was the finding that perceived aetiology had no effect on participant’s desire for
social distance from an affected individual. Neither did perceived aetiology influence beliefs about moral accountability.
The implications of these findings suggest that genetic counsellors and other health professionals, who are providing genetic
information to those affected by schizophrenia should be aware of the possibility that a genetic explanation of schizophrenia
could increase potentially stigmatising attitudes towards their clients and their clients’ families. It is also possible that
individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia may themselves form deterministic interpretations of the genetic information
they receive and subsequently be less likely to adopt behavioural advice or adhere to treatment. Counsellors and health professionals
should strive to present information in a balanced manner, ensuring recipients understand the multi-factorial causes of the
disease. 相似文献
8.
Perceived risk is a complex concept that influences the genetic counseling process and can affect client coping and behavior.
Although the association between family history and risk perception is well recognized in the literature, no studies have
explored this relationship specifically in those seeking genetic susceptibility testing for a common chronic condition. REVEAL
is a randomized trial assessing the impact of APOE disclosure and genetic risk assessment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using
baseline REVEAL data, we hypothesized that there would be a significant association between the degree of AD family history
and risk perception of AD, and that this relationship would be stronger in those who believed that genetics is a very important
AD risk factor. In our sample of 293 participants, we found that a higher self-perceived risk of AD was associated with strength
of family history of AD (p < 0.001), belief in genetics as an important AD risk factor (p < 0.001), being female (p < 0.001) and being Caucasian (p = 0.02). These results are the first to demonstrate the association between family history and risk perception in persons
volunteering for genetic susceptibility testing for a common complex disease. 相似文献
9.
Paula I. Santos Eurico Figueiredo Inês Gomes Jorge Sequeiros 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(6):585-592
This study is an investigation of the impact of familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (FAP I, ATTR V30M) on death anxiety
and symbolic immortality. Templer and Drolet’s scales were administered to 524 individuals: (1) 84 relatives at risk, (2)
92 relatives not at risk for FAP I; and (3) a control group (n = 348) with no known hereditary disease in their families. At-risk relatives had, on average, a higher score for death anxiety
and a lower score for symbolic immortality, than either those not-at-risk or controls. There were no significant differences
in scores on either measure for those not-at-risk versus controls. Being at risk increases death anxiety and threatens the
sense of symbolic immortality and psychosocial wellbeing. This may be true for other serious hereditary disorders as well.
Genetic counsellors should become familiar with these concepts, feel comfortable initiating discussions about death with their
patients, and be able to identify and reinforce their patients’ and family members’ sense of symbolic immortality. 相似文献
10.
Little research has examined the association between life satisfaction, self-rated health (SRH), and physical activity concurrently
for middle school students. A convenience sample of 245 students in grades 7 and 8 was surveyed about physical activity, life
satisfaction, and SRH using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2005 Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey. ANOVA analyses revealed significantly reduced life satisfaction for females who
reported not engaging in vigorous physical activity during the past 7 days [p < .01, effect size (ES) = .75]. Significantly reduced life satisfaction was detected for both males (p < .001, ES = .66) and females (p < .0001, ES = .80) who reported not playing on sports teams. Additionally, logistic regression analyses showed the odds of
reporting fair/poor SRH increased 5.4 times for males (CI = 1.30–22.39, p < .05) and 30.9 times for females (CI = 3.74–255.43, p < .001) who reported not playing on sports teams. Preliminary findings suggest physical activity and sports participation
is associated with improved life satisfaction and SRH for middle school students. In addition, although some gender differences
were observed, consistent findings for sports participation suggest sports participation may carry multiple social, mental,
and physical benefits for youth. 相似文献
11.
McGrady ME Cotton S Rosenthal SL Roberts YH Britto M Yi MS 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):349-356
Twenty to 40% of adolescents with asthma experience significant symptoms of anxiety. This study examined the mediational role
of illness perceptions in the relationship between anxiety and asthma symptoms in adolescents. One hundred fifty-one urban
adolescents (ages 11–18) with asthma completed measures of illness perceptions, and anxiety and asthma symptoms. Using the
Baron and Kenny approach and Sobel tests, we examined whether illness perceptions mediated the anxiety-asthma symptom relationship.
Three illness perceptions significantly mediated the relationship between anxiety and asthma symptoms, z = 1.97–2.13, p < .05; adjusted R
2 = 0.42–0.51, p < .05. Greater anxiety symptoms were associated with perceptions that asthma negatively impacted one’s life and emotions
and was difficult to control. These negative illness perceptions were, in turn, related to greater asthma symptoms. Illness
perceptions helped explain the anxiety-asthma symptoms link in adolescents. Results suggest that targeting illness perceptions
in adolescents with asthma and anxiety may help reduce asthma symptoms. 相似文献
12.
Wonkam A Njamnshi AK Mbanya D Ngogang J Zameyo C Angwafo FF 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):476-485
Little is known about attitudes of parents of Sickle Cell Anemia patients in sub-Saharan Africa regarding prenatal genetic
diagnosis and termination of an affected pregnancy. In this study, structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with
a sample of 130 parents in Cameroon that had at least one living child with Sickle Cell Anemia. The majority of participants
lived in urban areas (89%), were female (80%), Christian (93%), married (60.2%) in monogamous households (81.1%), were employed
(61.7%), and had at least a secondary or tertiary education (82%). The majority of parents accepted the principle of prenatal
genetic diagnosis for Sickle Cell Anemia (89.8%) and termination of pregnancy (62.5%). Acceptance of the principle of pregnancy
termination increased with unemployment (p < .01) and single marital status (p < .05). The results of this study suggest Cameroonian parents with children affected with Sickle Cell Anemia generally accept
the principles of prenatal diagnosis and in some cases termination of a pregnancy affected with Sickle Cell Anemia. Additional
findings, policy and practice implications, and research recommendations are presented. 相似文献
13.
Katarina M. Sussner Lina Jandorf Hayley S. Thompson Heiddis B. Valdimarsdottir 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(3):255-268
Background: Latinas are less likely to use genetic services (counseling and testing) for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer risk
compared to other ethnic groups. Meanwhile, little is known about barriers to genetic counseling among Latinas at increased
risk of inherited breast cancer. Methods: A two-phase pilot study was conducted to examine interest, barriers and beliefs about BRCA genetic counseling among at-risk
Latinas in New York City and explore the potential for developing a culturally-tailored narrative educational tool for use
in future studies. Phase 1 included quantitative telephone interviews (N = 15) with bilingual participants with a personal diagnosis at a young age and/or family history of breast and/or ovarian
cancer. Quantitative results informed development of a narrative prototype educational presentation viewed by a subset of
participants (N = 10) in Phase 2 focus groups. Results: Despite barriers, including lack of awareness/knowledge, concerns related to learning cancer risks of family members, and
concerns about cost/health insurance, participants reported positive attitudes, beliefs and interest in learning about BRCA
genetic counseling. Further, significant increases in knowledge were demonstrated from pre-post presentation (p = 0.04). Conclusion: There is an unmet need to educate at-risk Latinas about BRCA genetic counseling. Culturally-tailored educational materials
including narratives may increase knowledge about BRCA genetic counseling among this underserved group. The effectiveness
of these approaches should be tested in future research with larger samples. 相似文献
14.
Vujanovic AA Bonn-Miller MO Potter CM Marshall EC Zvolensky MJ 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):129-135
The present investigation examined the incremental associations between distress tolerance, or the perceived capacity to tolerate
emotional distress, and global posttraumatic stress symptom severity as well as symptom cluster severity, beyond the variance
accounted for by number of trauma exposure types and negative affectivity. The sample consisted of 140 adults (72 women; M
age = 25.9, SD = 11.1) who endorsed exposure to traumatic life events, as defined by posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic criterion
A (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Participants did not meet diagnostic criteria for current axis I psychopathology. Distress tolerance demonstrated significant
incremental associations with global posttraumatic stress symptom severity (p < .01) as well as re-experiencing (p < .05), avoidance (p = .05), and hyperarousal (p < .001) symptom cluster severity. Given the cross-sectional study design, causation cannot be inferred. Theoretical implications
and future directions for better understanding associations between distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Zoi Tsakogia George N. Lyrakos Dimitrios Damigos Venetsanos Mayreas Ioannis D. K. Dimoliatis 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(1):53-70
The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of optimism in the quality of life of patients with musculoskeletal
problems that were referred to Amfilohia Rehabilitation Center, because of chronic pain and kinetic difficulties. The sample
consisted of 96 patients. The questionnaires that were used are the short form health questionnaire (12 questions; SF12),
the life orientation test-revised (LOT-R) and a VAS scale for pain measurement. According to the regression analysis performed,
dispositional optimism is an independent factor affecting both the physical (β = .249, p < .005) and mental composite score (β = .414, p < .0001) in patients with musculoskeletal problems, even after controlling for the effect of pain intensity. 相似文献
16.
In the Face of Uncertainty: A Twin Study of Ambiguous Information,Anxiety and Depression in Children
Eley TC Gregory AM Lau JY McGuffin P Napolitano M Rijsdijk FV Clark DM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(1):55-65
Anxiety and depression share genetic influences, and have been associated with similar cognitive biases. Psychological theories
of anxiety and depression highlight threat interpretations of ambiguity. Little is known about whether genes influence cognitive
style, or its links to symptoms. We assessed ambiguous word and scenario interpretations, anxiety and depression symptoms
in 300 8-year-old twin pairs. There were significant correlations between both negative interpretations of ambiguous words
and scenarios and depression symptoms after controlling for anxiety symptoms (r = .13 and .31, respectively), but no significant correlations with anxiety independent of depression. Genetic effects ranged
from 16% for depression to 30% for ambiguous word interpretations. Non-shared environmental influences were large (68–70%).
Both genetic and environmental influences contributed to the association between depression and ambiguous scenario interpretations.
These findings support psychological theories, which emphasise the role of environmental stress both on the development of
threat interpretations and on their links with symptoms. The data also support a role for genetic influence on threat interpretations,
which may mediate responses to stress. 相似文献
17.
While literature characterizing individual genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes is sparse, the National Society of Genetic
Counselors takes a clear stance for reproductive autonomy. To determine genetic counselors’ views, this study compared (1)
genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes to those of women from the general population and (2) genetic counselors’ professional
abortion attitudes to their personal abortion attitudes. Genetic counselors were invited to complete an online survey. Response
rate was 44.3% (709/1,601). Compared to women from the general population, female genetic counselors were significantly more
likely to agree abortion should be an option in all cases (p < .001). Controlling for other possible confounders, regression analyses revealed that being a genetic counselor, religious
service attendance and age were significantly predictive of abortion attitudes. Although the vast majority of genetic counselors
agree that abortion should be available, they are significantly less likely to personally consider abortion under all circumstances
presented (p < .001), and the percentage of genetic counselors who would consider terminating in the case of a severe birth defect is
similar to studies of other women. 相似文献
18.
Mandy Robbins Leslie J. Francis Bethan Edwards 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(2):89-94
The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) was developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) to provide a more accessible equivalent measure of the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). The aim of the present study was
to examine the internal consistency reliability, and construct validity of this new instrument alongside the Eysenckian dimensional
model of personality. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was completed by a sample of 131 undergraduate students together
with the abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data demonstrated good internal consistency
reliability (alpha = .92) and good construct validity in terms of positive association with extraversion (r = .38 p < .001) and negative association with neuroticism (r = −.57 p < .001). The kind of happiness measured by the OHQ is clearly associated with stable extraversion. 相似文献
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Rodney G. Bowden Beth A. Lanning Eva I. Doyle Becky Slonaker Holly M. Johnston Georgene Scanes 《Applied research in quality of life》2008,3(2):149-160
This study (N = 98) randomly placed participants in either a higher protein or American Heart Association diet group with each group initiating
an aerobic exercise program. Body composition (BC) was measured using four different methodologies (DEXA, BIA, skinfold, BMI)
along with height and weight, while Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) changes were measured using the Medical Outcomes
Short Form 36 (SF-36). There were no significant time/diet interactions in HRQOL scores, body fat measures, and weight with
the exception of Role-Physical scores (p = .006) with posttest scores higher in participants in Diet 1. Role-Physical scores changed significantly in participants
in Diet 1 (p = .0001) and Diet 2 (p = .026) with higher posttest scores in each group. Social functioning had a significant main effect for time in both groups
with pretest scores in both diet groups lower than their respective posttest scores (p = .015). HRQOL pretest scores were not significantly different between groups at baseline (p = .56). ANOVA revealed no significant differences in average calories between groups (p = .88). Analysis revealed no differences in exercise in minutes (p = .66) nor statistically significant changes in BC or weight (p = .65). Conclusions: Improvements in HRQOL were demonstrated in two subscales related to physiological and psychological functioning. These novel
findings add to literature suggesting that HRQOL, at least concerning social functioning, work and other daily activities
(Role-Physical) may improve by initiating an exercise and dietary program even when weight loss or BC improvements have been
unsuccessful. 相似文献