有关遗传和精神分裂症的文献评论(下)

四、区分社会和遗传影响的尝试研究 1.寄养研究 Leonard Heston用不同遗传体质而生长在同样条件下的被试,设计了一个研究。他比较了47名有精神分裂症母亲的“实验”对象,和有正常母亲的50名“控制”组对象。所有97名被试,从初生就和母亲隔离。半数实验被试和半数控制组对象出生后立刻被送到4     

有关遗传与精神分裂症的文献评论(上)

本文评论了有关支持精神分裂症遗传理论的心理学文献,评论了四个研究方面:精神分裂症的生理学方面,精神分裂症在总人口中的发病率,精神分裂症在家庭成员中的发病率,以及控制环境对精神分裂症的影响的研究。这个文献没有发现支持遗传理论,而是用心理病理学的社会模型能更好说明。     

BOOK REVIEW: CREATIVITY AND LITERATURE

Abstract

INTERACTIVE AND IMPROVISATIONAL DRAMA: VARIETIES OF APPLIED THEATER AND PERFORMANCE. Blatner, A.,&Wiener, D. (Eds.). (2007) ISBN: 0-595-41750-7, $25.95 U.S. Reviewed by John L. Garcia.     

BOOK REVIEW: CREATIVITY AND LITERATURE

Abstract

A NEW EARTH: AWAKENING TO YOUR LIFE'S PURPOSE. Tolle, Eckhart. 336 pp., $14.00, Paperback. ISBN # 0462287588. Reviewed by Stella Kerl-McClain.     

BOOK REVIEW: CREATIVITY AND LITERATURE

ABSTRACT

COUNSELING ADULTS IN TRANSITION: LINKING THEORY WITH PRACTICE, (3RD ED.). Jane Goodman, Nancy K. Schloss-berg, and Mary L. Anderson. (2006). New York: Springer Publishing Company. Hardback. ISBN: 0-8261-3784-9. 334 pp. Reviewed by Margaret Costantino.     

COUNSELING IN INDUSTRY: A SELECTED REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

This paper reviews the literature on counseling in business and industry. It summarizes what is known about (a) the extent to which personal and career counseling services exist within industry and (b) the effectiveness of various counseling programs in dealing with specific employee problems or concerns. The review is divided into three major sections. The first describes various programs and research involving counseling for personal problems. This is followed by a summary of efforts by industry to provide various forms of career counseling and guidance. Finally, the last section offers several conclusions about the current state of counseling in industry and discusses some implications for future research and evaluation such as the need for more clarity in what is typically referred to as counseling, increased specification of objectives and outcome criteria, comparison of different types of counseling approaches, a broader examination of the extensiveness of counseling in industry, and a higher standard for practitioner-oriented magazines which publish articles about counseling in industry.     

ORGANIZATIONAL FRUSTRATION: A MODEL AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

A model that describes the effects of frustration on individual behavior in organizations is presented. Included is a discussion of the definitional problems with the frustration construct as well as a brief overview of laboratory research. This research is used to develop a model of organizational frustration and its behavioral effects, including increased and decreased job performance, organizational aggression (e.g., sabotage, strikes, work slowdowns, and stealing), absenteeism and turnover. Supporting evidence is supplied by the few studies which have investigated frustration in field and simulated organizational settings. Finally, frustration is shown to provide an alternative explanation to the effects of job dissatisfaction, inequity and participation in organizational change.