MENTAL HEALTH AND THE GOSPEL: BOYLE LECTURE 2020

Mental health has become a domain of professional and scientific endeavor, distinguished in the modern mind from spirituality, which is understood as a more subjective, transcendent, and private concern. This sharp separation has been challenged in recent decades by scientific research, which demonstrates the positive benefits of spirituality/religion (S/R) for mental health. Increasing scientific interest in the topic is to be welcomed, but the contribution of theology to the debate has been neglected. It is proposed here that Jesus’ life and teaching are presented in the synoptic Gospels as fundamentally concerned with what we now call mental health. Jesus’ teaching on worry, for example, offers various psychological strategies for dealing with anxiety. Moreover, it presents prayer as an effective and constructive response to worry, involving disciplined attention rather than avoidance. Critical interdisciplinary conversations between science and theology on matters such as worry offer a constructive approach to understanding the human condition in the context of adversity.     

THE CHURCH AND MENTAL HEALTH: THEOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL RESPONSES

Over the past few years, the number of Christian projects and charities working in the mental health sector in the United Kingdom has increased dramatically. At the same time, scientific and medical understandings of mental health have been advancing rapidly. These parallel trends beg a serious question: is the Christian Church's response to mental health authentically engaging with a changing scientific picture? Are theological questions like responsibility, sin, redemption, and reconciliation taking account of a changing landscape? This is not a theoretical question, but has major practical consequences for developing practical pastoral responses.     

心理健康素质及其结构的访谈研究

以心理学专家、大学教师、中学教师、小学教师、大学生、中学生和小学生为被试,采用访谈法,研究他们对心理健康素质及其结构问题的看法。结果发现：多数人都认为心理健康素质就是心理素质;心理健康素质是健康的人的心理素质;认为心理健康素质就是在思想、情绪、认识和行为方式上符合正常标准;是维护人的心理健康所需要的内在心理特点。人们普遍认为能力和性格是心理健康素质的核心组成部分。     

国内外心理健康素质研究综述

“心理健康素质”是个新概念。本文就国内和国外与心理健康素质有关的若干概念、观点,以及部分研究进行了整理。侧重于两个主题：（1）心理健康素质及其相关概念;（2）心理健康素质的构成要素或影响心理健康的个体因素。     

关于心理健康素质及其结构的思考

结合“健康素质”这一术语,探讨了健康、心理健康、素质、心理素质和心理健康素质等几个基本概念及其之间的关系,并就心理健康素质的结构提出了一些初步看法。     

THEODICY: A RESPONSE TO CHRISTOPHER SOUTHGATE

This article is a critical and appreciative interaction with Christopher Southgate's theodicy and theology of glory. I critique in particular his rejection of all dualist moves in theodicy. I question why Southgate can ascribe evil to some human actions, many of which are automatic and unconscious, but not to any other level or form of consciousness. I argue that he may rely too heavily on rational scientific categories, which are not sufficient in themselves to carry the weight of key theological concepts. His use of poetry is powerful and suggestive, but in the end, he may not give it enough epistemic weight.     

THE CHALLENGE TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN THE 1980s

Robert W. Gibson MD, is interviewed concerning the potential impact of restricted funding for mental health services in the 1980s, particularly as this applies to the practice of occupational therapy. Topics covered include the decreasing length of inpatient hospitalization; the possibility of a shifting emphasis lo the treatmcnt of the severely and chronically ill; increasing utilization of rehabilitative services; and suggestions to facilitate greater interprofessional collaboration. Thc establishment of measurable outcomes for continued or improved reimbursement of occupational therapy services is stressed, and the potential for multiprofession group practices as a cost-effective approach to reduced business and industry health care costs is suggested.     

中小学教师心理健康状况的调查研究

采用SCL-90对566名教师的心理健康受损情况的调查研究表明：总均分≥2者,占教师总人数的14.2%。从单项因子看,依因子分大于2者所占百分数由少至多依次是精神病性、恐怖、焦虑、躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、偏执、敌对等,有30.6%的教师有强迫症状。男性教师与女性教师、中学教师与小学教师、任课教师与行政人员的心理健康水平大体相当。乡村教师心理健康水平远远低于城市教师,1~10年教龄的教师远远低于10年以上教龄的教师。     

传统中国文化处理心理健康问题的三种思路

近年来 ,从中国文化的角度进行心理健康问题的研究越来越多 ,但是从文化整体的角度对这一问题的研究尚嫌不够。本文认为 ,虽然传统中国文化没有现代心理学意义上的心理健康的说法 ,但是由于人的存在的共同性 ,传统中国文化客观上具有处理心理健康问题的功能。这表现为三种思路 :信仰—养性的思路 ,养生—治身的思路 ,迷信—功利的思路。它们各自对心理健康有自己的见解和做法。文章分析了这三种思路的基本情况和特征 ,并进一步讨论了它们对当代心理健康研究的启发     

大学生人际冲突行为及其与心理健康的关系

人际冲突是影响大学生人际关系和心理健康的重要因素。 该研究旨在了解大学生人际冲突行为的现况,探讨不同背景变量的大学生人际冲突行为的差异情形,以及大学生人际冲突行为与心理健康的关联性。根据研究所得提出结论与建议,为大学生心理健康教育提供依据和参考。     

上海市大中学生的心理健康及其与体育锻炼的关系

本研究利用《简式心境状态剖面图》（POMS）中国修订版和《运动力量等级量表—3》（PARS—3）,对上海市大中学生的心理健康及其与体育锻炼的关系进行了考察。结果表明：①有较高比例的学生存在着不同程度的紧张、愤怒、疲劳、抑郁和慌乱,以及较低的精力和自尊感;②体育锻炼能有效地降低紧张、愤怒、疲劳、抑郁、慌乱,提高和自尊感,③中等到较大的运动量具有更好地心理健康效应;④体育乐趣与运动坚持性具有密切的关系。     

青少年心理健康素质的概念和结构初探

青少年心理健康素质是健康心理学中具有开创性和探索性的研究领域,因此涉及若干理论问题需要探讨。其中青少年心理健康素质的基本概念和基本结构是该研究领域首先应探讨的基本理论问题。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·个性素质的研究

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·个性素质分量表》对全国23个省、市、自治区的44063名青少年心理健康的个性素质发展状况进行调查,结果表明,青少年个性素质总体状况良好。在内外倾维度上表现为：小学五年级外倾程度较弱,至初二逐渐外倾,初三达到最外倾,高一至大学逐渐变得外倾程度较弱;在意志、责任、耐挫折、独立维度上表现为：小学五年级得分较高,从初中呈下降趋势,高中前半阶段继续下降,高中后半阶段到大学又逐渐回升;在冒险、乐观悲观维度表现为：小学五年级得分较高,从初中到高中直至大学阶段依次递减。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·自我的研究

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查·自我分量表》对44063份小学五年级到大学阶段我国青少年有效问卷进行分析,结果表明：整体自我得分从小学五年到高中一年下降明显,高中阶段变化不大,高三到大学阶段略有上升。构成整体自我的各维度、因子也大多具有相同的年级变化特点。     

归因方式对心理健康的影响及干预研究之概观

该文就归因方式对心理健康影响的特点、规律及其心理机制以及通过归因干预改善和提高个体与群体健康水平的研究进行了简要的叙述,并对已有研究存在的问题进行了初步的讨论。作者认为,归因干预可能是改善和提高个体与群体的健康水平的一条重要途径;未来的研究应着眼于揭示个体对不同性质、不同类型的生活事件在特定归因和维度归因上对心理健康影响的特点、规律及其心理机制,并就归因干预的理论和实践等问题进行了深入的探讨。     

文化震荡及其对个体心理健康的影响

当前我国正在经历的急剧社会文化变迁对众多个体心理产生了强烈冲击,形成了文化震荡,并在不同程度上影响了其心理健康。研究表明,由于不同个体的经历和应付方式不同,其对文化震荡的承受能力也不同。因此,深入研究文化震荡的形成及其对不同个体的影响,充分挖掘各种文化有益于维护个体心理健康的宝贵遗产,建立个体心理健康防卫、救护机制和社会安定预警机制,是一项刻不容缓的紧迫任务。     

THE PHYSICALIZED MIND AND THE GUT‐BRAIN AXIS: TAKING MENTAL HEALTH OUT OF OUR HEADS

As it becomes increasingly plausible that the mind–brain is explicable in naturalistic terms, science‐and‐religion scholars have the opportunity to engage creatively and proactively with facets of brain‐related research that better inform our understanding of human well‐being. That is, once mental health is recognized as being a whole‐body phenomenon, exciting theological conversations can take place. One fascinating area of research involves the “gut–brain axis,” or the interactive relationship between the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., gut bacteria), the central nervous system, and mental health. A growing body of literature explores the immensely significant interactions between the gut microbiome and mental health issues involving depression, anxiety, gene expression, and stress responses. One's mental health does not occur in a disembodied state, but in a complex physical environment that is strongly influenced by environmental factors, many of which we can control. This article argues that science‐and‐religion can welcome scientific research in this area, creatively incorporating such insights into a theology of mental health and physical well‐being.     

中国青少年心理健康素质·动力系统研究

选取44063名青少年为调查对象,采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·动力系统分量表》考察我国青少年动力系统的发展特点。结果表明：（1）从整体上看,我国青少年的动力系统发展状况良好;（2）我国青少年的动力系统年级变化趋势表现出小学五年级得分较高,初一年级略有上升,初二年级有所下降,之后起伏波动,高三年级得分最低,但从高三年级到大学阶段迅速上升,大学阶段得分最高;（3）我国青少年在动力系统各维度上均存在显著年级差异,但在各维度上呈现出不同的年级变化趋势。     

RELIGION AND HEALTH: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract. The study of the relationship between religion and health has grown substantially in the past decade. There is little doubt that religion plays an important role in many people's lives and that this has an impact on their health. The question is how researchers and clinicians can best evaluate the available information and how we can improve upon the current findings. In this essay we review the current knowledge regarding religion and health and also critically review issues pertaining to methodology, findings, and interpretation of these studies. It is important to maintain a rigorous perspective with regard to such studies and also to recognize inherent limitations and suggest constructive ways in which to advance this field of study. In the end, such an approach can provide new information that will improve our understanding of the overall relationship between religion and health.