论科学哲学研究的方向

在中国科学哲学研究上 ,一直有人强调所谓纯而又纯的科学哲学研究 ,并且强调各种转向 ,认为只有对科学哲学的理论问题研究 ,如理论解释、说明、评价以及发展模式的研究才是科学哲学的正宗 ,而自然科学哲学问题研究已经是科学哲学研究的外围了 ,至于科学与社会关系研究则根本不是科学哲学。最近我们比较了国内和国外科学哲学研究刊物中的一些文献发现 ,自然科学哲学问题研究一直是国外科学哲学的主流。一　国外研究状况我们以国外三个著名科学哲学刊物 (PhilosophyofTheSeience ,BritishJournalforthePhilos ophyofScience ,JournalforGe…     

科学哲学中的规范性研究述评

科学哲学的规范性研究包括规范性认识论和规范性问题两个基本论题的研究。一般来说,非自然主义科学哲学是理论优位的基础主义的规范学科,旨在形成规范性认识论。但规范性认识论寻求认知基础失败而陷入困境。20世纪60年代,奎因(W.V.O.Quine)旨在摆脱基础主义认识论困境提出认识论的自然化,使自然化的科学哲学面临规范性问题。所谓规范性问题,主要指的是关于事实的经验科学与关于行为的规范科学之间的关系问题。它首先由英国哲学家休谟提出,并提升为“是”与“应该”的关系问题。休谟由此推出著名的休谟法则,即从“是”不可能推出“应该”来…     

国内后现代科学哲学研究现状述评

自上世纪90年代中期至今,后现代科学哲学研究一直是我国科学哲学领域的一大亮点。本文将对国内后现代科学哲学研究的现状作一简要概括和评述,以期对后现代科学哲学研究在新世纪的广泛展开能有所助益。一　后现代科学哲学的概念国内的后现代科学哲学研究始于20世纪90年代中期,是伴随着科学实在论研究的深入而展开的。目前,国内学术界关于后现代科学哲学(postmodernphilosophyofscience)主要存在两种不同的理解和界定。一种观点认为,后现代科学哲学是20世纪中叶以后在后现代主义思潮的影响下,“后现代性”向科学哲学渗入的结果;后现代科学哲学…     

International Union of History and Philosophy of Science Division of Logic,Methodology and Philosophy of Science Bulletin no. 15

International Union of History and Philosophy of Science Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science Bulletin no. 15     

Normativity in the Philosophy of Science

This paper analyzes what it means for philosophy of science to be normative. It argues that normativity is a multifaceted phenomenon rather than a general feature that a philosophical theory either has or lacks. It analyzes the normativity of philosophy of science by articulating three ways in which a philosophical theory can be normative. Methodological normativity arises from normative assumptions that philosophers make when they select, interpret, evaluate, and mutually adjust relevant empirical information, on which they base their philosophical theories. Object normativity emerges from the fact that the object of philosophical theorizing can itself be normative, such as when philosophers discuss epistemic norms in science. Metanormativity arises from the kind of claims that a philosophical theory contains, such as normative claims about science as it should be. Distinguishing these three kinds of normativity gives rise to a nuanced and illuminating view of how philosophy of science can be normative.     

International Union of History and Philosophy of Science Division of Logic,Methodology and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS/DLMPS)

International Union of History and Philosophy of Science Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS/DLMPS)Bulletin no. 16     

科学哲学

本文首先讨论科学哲学的起源与重要性。其次,本文考察如下基本问题：理论客体的实在论性、理论与经验的区分、科学解释、归纳、科学检验等等。本文所涉及的观点包括实在论与反实在论、科学解释的不同模型、证实主义与证伪主义、亚决定论、整体论、被理论渗透的经验、不可公度性等等。本文所涉及的学派包括逻辑经验（实证）主义、实在论及关于科学的实用主义、历史（科学史）转向与相对主义。最后,笔者会谈一谈科学哲学的新近发展方向及笔者对其在中国与西方将来发展的前瞻。     

中国科学技术哲学的走向研究概述

一科学技术哲学研究方向的主张及其回应 科学技术哲学(自然辩证法)研究的走向,是本学科建设必须首先确定的重大问题.在我国,近年来对这一问题的讨论甚为热烈,众多学者观点各异,一时难以达成共识,现将诸多观点大致归结为五种类型.     

Philosophy of Science in Iran

First steps are taken in the following toward the study of present‐day philosophy of science in Iran, by choosing various examples in the hope of showing that philosophy of science in Iran has emerged predominantly as an apologetic and ideological discourse. I start by pointing out the complexities of method in such a study. I then criticise two writing samples by two well‐known Iranian scholars, which exemplify the first Iranian reaction to logical positivism. The study continues with a survey of the mistakes in the Persian translation of T. S. Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, a study of the status of research in philosophy of science in Iran, and a critique of attempts by Iranian scholars at indigenising philosophy of science through the reconciliation of modern science with Islamic faith.     

Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science

In this article, we reflect on the use of formal methods in the philosophy of science. These are taken to comprise not just methods from logic broadly conceived, but also from other formal disciplines such as probability theory, game theory, and graph theory. We explain how formal modelling in the philosophy of science can shed light on difficult problems in this domain.