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2.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
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3.
Imagination has always been a mysterious issue for modern philosophy and psychology. In this paper, however, I will not deal
with modern theories of imagination; instead, I will suggest an alternative notion of imaginal power by stepping back toward
Persian illuminative thought within which we may glimpse a hint of a transcendent concept of imagination as the source of
human subjectivity and its power to create the object and the world. My objective here is to extend some noetic aspects of
this concept and extract further conclusions theoretically. To this end, I will first introduce a brief account of the noetic
characteristic of the Illuminationist perspective of the imagination, then I outline aspects of its efficiency which may shed
some light on the modern debate on the subject and its relation to the object.
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4.
In my remarks, I discuss Sosa's attempt to deal with the sceptical threat posed by dreaming. Sosa explores two replies to
the problem of dreaming scepticism. First, he argues that, on the imagination model of dreaming, dreaming does not threaten
the safety of our beliefs. Second, he argues that knowledge does not require safety, but a weaker condition which is not threatened
by dreaming skepticism. I raise questions about both elements of his reply.
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5.
Although the role of imagination in moral reasoning is often neglected, recent literature, mostly of pragmatist signature,
points to imagination as one of its central elements. In this article we develop some of their arguments by looking at the
moral role of imagination in practice, in particular the practice of neonatal intensive care. Drawing on empirical research,
we analyze a decision-making process in various stages: delivery, staff meeting, and reflection afterwards. We show how imagination
aids medical practitioners demarcating moral categories, tuning their actions, and exploring long-range consequences of decisions.
We argue that imagination helps to bring about at least four kinds of integration in the moral decision-making process: personal
integration by creating a moral self-image in moments of reflection; social integration by aiding the conciliation of the
diverging perspectives of the people involved; temporal integration by facilitating the parties to transcend the present moment
and connect past, present, and future; and epistemological integration by helping to combine the various forms of knowledge
and experience needed to make moral decisions. Furthermore, we argue that the role of imagination in these moral decision-processes
is limited in several significant ways. Rather than being a solution itself, it is merely an aid and cannot replace the decision
itself. Finally, there are also limits to the practical relevance of this theoretical reflection. In the end, it is up to
care professionals as reflective practitioners to re-imagine the practice of intensive care and make the right decisions with
hope and imagination.
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6.
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls ( N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
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7.
The approach that philosophers have taken to history has too often been one-dimensional. It is my aim in this paper to map
out a future multi-dimensional philosophy of history, by invoking the notion of a relation with the past, and by arguing for
the philosophical relevance of multiple such relations.
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8.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
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9.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
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10.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
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11.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
12.
As it is traditionally conceived, Just War Theory is not well suited for dealing with nation vs non-nation wars. It thus makes sense to create a second Just War Theory to deal with these wars. This article explores the differences and similarities between the two theories. 相似文献
13.
I criticize recent nonconceptualist readings of Kant’s account of perception on the grounds that the strategy of the Deduction
requires that understanding be involved in the synthesis of imagination responsible for the intentionality of perceptual experience.
I offer an interpretation of the role of understanding in perceptual experience as the consciousness of normativity in the
association of one’s representations. This leads to a reading of Kant which is conceptualist, but in a way which accommodates
considerations favoring nonconceptualism, in particular the primitive character of perceptual experience relative to thought
and judgment.
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14.
Jeffrey King’s principal objection to the direct-reference theory of demonstratives is analyzed and criticized. King has responded
with a modified version of his original argument aimed at establishing the weaker conclusion that the direct-reference theory
of demonstratives is either incomplete or incorrect. It is argued that this fallback argument also fails.
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15.
This is a paper about the way language meshes with life. It focuses on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later work, and compares it with
Leo Tolstoy and Saint Augustine’s confessions. My aim is to better understand in this way what it means to have meaning in
language, as well as meaning in life.
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16.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
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17.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
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18.
In this paper I discuss a number of problems associated with the suggestion that it is possible for God to randomly select
a possible world for actualization.
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19.
This is a critical discussion of Nino B. Cocchiarella’s book “Formal Ontology and Conceptual Realism.” It focuses on paradoxes
of hyperintensionality that may arise in formal systems of intensional logic.
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20.
“Ontological emergence” of inherent high-level properties with causal powers is witnessed nowhere. A non-substantialist conception
of emergence works much better. It allows downward causation, provided our concept of causality is transformed accordingly.
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