The Importance of the Family in Forming Life Values and Personal Values

In this study, we found a significant relationship between college students' (N-363) evaluations of family (self, mother, father, and locus of control), as well as relationships approaching significance for their evaluations of stepparents, p = .06. We also found support for the importance of the family in the formulation of perceptions of parental figures as well as in the formulation of fundamental beliefs regarding self-esteem and personal control.     

The Role of Values in the Counseling Situation

A client's problem can be conceptualized as a values problem. Yet there is still much confusion surrounding the concept of values, and closely related issues have not been adequately defined or researched. This article reviews various meanings of values and the authors' preferred distinction between terminal and instrumental values. A case illustration describes the usefulness of the Rokeach Value Survey and of the “method of self-confrontation” in value therapy. Research on the Value Survey and the method are summarized, with suggestions for their use with different types of clients and in different settings. C. Gilbert Wrenn gives his personal reactions to the article. These range from “frustrating” to “most satisfying.”     

Values at Work: The Impact of Personal Values in Organisations

This paper reviews and integrates past research on personal values in work organisations, seeking to portray the role personal values play in shaping the choices and behaviour of individuals in work settings. We start by addressing the role of values in the occupational choice people make. We then review research on the relationships of personal values to a variety of behaviours at work. We continue with discussing the multiple paths through which managers’ values affect organisations and their members. In the last section, we address the interplay between organisational levels, and discuss the congruency between personal and organisational values and its implications for organisations and their employees. Together, the research reviewed indicates how the broadness and stability of values make them an important predictor of behaviour at various levels of the organisation. We end by discussing directions for future research on values in organisations.     

虚拟环境中的心理教育

虚拟技术和网络技术不仅为感觉通道提供了新的刺激呈现方式,而且也了为心理活动提供了新的活动空间和活动方式。各心理机能与虚拟环境之间形成了不同的主导性心理活动层面,具有不同的心理教育任务和目标。实现虚拟环境下的心理教育目标需要多元方法体系和工程体系的支持。     

价值观与行为的一致性争议

价值观与行为的一致性存在着争论, 相关的实证研究包括以下几种模式: 价值观直接预测行为; 生活方式、态度等中介变量的桥梁作用; 人格与情境等调节变量的影响作用。目标层次理论认为价值观与行为之间是由逐渐具体化的目标连接起来的; 建构水平理论认为心理距离影响价值观与行为的关系; 自我价值定向理论认为个人自我价值体系对行为具有定向作用; 新社会分析模型则认为价值观是人格的一个领域, 特质与价值观这两个平行的结构共同作用于行为。未来的研究方向可能表现为价值观词典的应用; 价值矛盾与行为决策关系的研究; 中国文化背景下的价值观与行为一致性的探索以及建立专门针对二者关系的理论模型等方面。     

白血病诱导分化治疗中的生态自然观

诱导分化是一种治疗白血病的新方法,它通过促使分化不完全的肿瘤细胞分化成熟,使恶性转为良性.临床应用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)和三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导急性早幼粒细胞性白血病取得了较高的完全缓解率,毒副作用也较低.诱导分化治疗策略突破了将杀灭肿瘤细胞作为治疗肿瘤的惟一方法的思维局限,谋求在与白血病细胞的和谐中获得人类的健康,是生态自然观应用于医疗实践的成功范例.     

The Assessment of Values in Schools

Schools in liberal democratic societies face a dilemma. On the one hand their role is to prepare students to make rationally autonomous choices, within prescribed limits, as to what kind of good life they will pursue. On the other hand, liberal democratic societies depend on common adherence to liberal democratic values, such as respect for truth, fairness and social justice, and schools need to teach these values. If schools are to include the teaching of such values among their aims, how should they assess them? The assessment of values is problematical for liberal democrats. School educators are willing and able to assess students' knowledge and skills (i.e. what students know and can do) but to assess their values implies that students are being assessed for what they are and this offends against a deeply ingrained belief that all persons in a liberal democracy have an intrinsic worth. This article will explore the problem of the assessment of values with particular reference to schooling in Australia.     

The Negotiation of Values in Therapy

Values are integral to all social systemic operations and therefore to the heart of the therapeutic process. For the therapist, values are an essential component in defining and assessing a problem, determining goals, and selecting therapeutic strategy. Therapists do not have a choice about whether they need to deal with values in therapy, only about how well. The training of therapists about their values needs to be integrated with the training about their own emotional and family issues. This training should be carried out in the context of treating families and have as its primary focus the relationship of the therapists' personal issues to the conduct of their therapy with families. Personal insight and mastery over handling their own values and family issues will maximize therapeutic effectiveness.     

The Case Against Objective Values

While objective values need not be intrinsically motivating, need not actually motivate us, they would determine what we ought to pursue and protect. They would provide reasons for actions. Objective values would come in degrees, and more objective value would provide stronger reasons. It follows that, if objective value exists, we ought to maximize it in the world. But virtually no one acts with that goal in mind. Furthermore, objective value would exist independently of our subjective valuings. But we have no way of measuring amounts of such values independently of the ways we value objects. While a subjectivist can account for mistaken values, a fully impersonal viewpoint, from which objective values would appear, seems instead to cause all values to disappear. Nor does the moral point of view, which requires more impartiality than agents usually exhibit, reveal fully objective values. The paper closes with an examination of the most widely endorsed candidates for states having positive and negative objective values: pleasures and pains. It concludes again that, once we adjust for worthiness of the object and desert of the subject for such states, there is no way to measure their supposed objective value.     

虚拟团队中的信任机制

结合以往研究文献,作者系统地介绍了虚拟团队中信任形成的快速性、发展的阶段性、信任关系的脆弱性,以及信任的作用机制等方面的内容．着重比较虚拟团队中的信任和传统团队中信任的差异,从而阐述了虚拟团队中的信任机制。     

论全球治理过程中的中西价值冲突及其消解

伴随着全球化而来的是全球问题的出现,全球治理已成为必然.人类进入了一个全球治理时代,也就进入了一个多价值观共存的时期,作为主流价值的我国政府价值观将与西方国家主流价值观、西方非政府组织的价值观及以跨国公司为代表的市场主体的价值观长期共存.然而中西方的价值观毕竟有着很大的区别,价值冲突也就不可避免.因此,我国政府在参与全球治理过程中需要采取兼收并蓄的策略,求同存异,在顾全大局中求共同发展,解决全球化过程中的全球公共问题.确立全球治理过程中的全球共同价值观、实现全球治理过程中的中西价值观互动,是消解全球治理价值冲突的两个重要手段.     

Development of the Brief Personal Values Inventory for Sense of Values

The Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) is a widely used questionnaire for assessing sense of values; however, it is difficult to apply for children and adolescents. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a questionnaire for sense of values, called the Brief Personal Values Inventory (BPVI), consisting of simple questions and fewer items compared to the PVQ. We first created 12 items for the BPVI and then tested criterion-related validity with values in the PVQ-57 in 167 Japanese general population participants (81 males, mean age [SD], range: 23.4 [8.2], 15–57 years). Each of these items was correlated with one or more of the values in the PVQ-57 and covered all higher-order values in Schwartz's theory (openness to change, self-enhancement, conservation, and self-transcendence). In summary, the BPVI adequately corresponded with Schwartz's value theory, indicating an acceptable criterion-related validity. This questionnaire is applicable to a wide population, including adolescents, and will be a useful tool for researchers to elucidate the developmental pathway of personal sense of values.     

The Evolutionary Nature of Counseling and Values

The purpose of this qualitative research study is to discover the evolutionary nature of Counseling and Values, the professional journal of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling. The authors used 4 recorded telephone interviews conducted with previous editors of the journal over the last 25 years as the principal source of data. Findings suggest that the evolutionary nature of the journal is characterized by a dynamic tension among 6 interrelated categories of influence. Implications of this research suggest the need for increased collaborative participation in support of professional journals between institutions and sponsoring associations and between diversity in readership and the professional forces that influence publication decision, as well as an increased openness between professional associations and the society that they serve.     

保护性价值观的结构和特征研究

保护性价值观是一种拒绝与其他任何价值相互交易,尤其拒绝与经济价值进行交易的观念。本文通过问卷调查和分析,将中国文化背景下的保护性价值观分为“有关自然环境和传统文化价值的保护性价值观”和“有关人伦人权和人际情感的保护性价值观”,并发现前者比后者更受重视和更有普遍性。研究还验证了保护性价值观具有的数量不敏感性、当事人相关性、道德责任感、拒绝、愤怒情绪、故作姿态这六个特征,并初步分析了两类保护性价值观在各特征上的差异。