我国民众对SARS信息的风险认知及心理行为

采用分层抽样的调查方法,对全国17个城市的4231名市民进行了SARS疫情中风险认知特征和心理行为的研究。结果发现：（1）负性信息,包括患病信息和与自身关系密切的信息,更易引起民众的高风险认知; 正性信息,包括治愈信息和政府防范措施的信息,能降低个体风险认知水平。（2）我国民众5月中旬风险认知因素空间位置分析结果表明, SARS病因处于不熟悉和难以控制一端,“愈后对身体的影响和有无传染性”处于不熟悉一端,这是引起民众风险意识的主要因素。（3）结构方程分析结果表明,SARS疫情信息是通过风险认知对个体的应对行为、心理健康产生影响的, 并初步验证了风险评估、心理紧张度、应对行为和心理健康等指标对于危机事件中民众心理行为的预测作用     

“涟漪效应”与“心理台风眼效应”：不同程度COVID-19疫情地区民众风险认知与焦虑的双视角检验

在因防控COVID-19疫情武汉“封城”后的一个半月内, 对全国34个省(区市)4833名民众的风险认知与焦虑进行了当事人视角和旁观者视角的调查研究。结果表明, (1)基于当事人视角时, 不同程度疫情地区民众的风险认知和焦虑存在类似“涟漪效应”的趋势, 疫情严重地区大于其他地区; (2)基于旁观者视角, 民众对武汉居民的焦虑和对所需心理咨询工作者和医生数量的评估存在“心理台风眼效应”; (3)基于旁观者视角, 在风险认知上, 低风险地区民众对武汉居民的评估显著低于高、中高及中风险地区的评估, 部分支持“涟漪效应”; 研究还发现了“边缘带效应”和“心理可控阈限”的存在。本研究一方面为“心理台风眼效应”研究的“当事人与旁观者”视角知觉差异提供了更为丰富的直接证据, 另一方面为突发公共卫生事件应急管理提供了有针对性的心理依据。     

虚拟头像的人格特质知觉与网络初始人际信任

以脸萌软件制作的头像为实验材料,考察了基于虚拟头像的人格特质知觉准确性,并从可信度知觉和信任行为两个角度考察了虚拟头像与网络初始人际信任的关系。结果显示:(1)虚拟头像线索能提供对外倾性和宜人性人格特质的准确知觉;(2)"肤色全黑"与可信度知觉显著负相关,"中性表情"与可信度知觉及网络人际信任行为显著负相关,且这种负相关可被宜人性特质知觉解释。研究结果拓展了已有关于虚拟头像人际知觉及其社会结果的研究,对如何在以计算机为媒介的沟通中提升信任水平有一定启发性。     

期望差异:危机中的风险沟通障碍

期望差异效应指同一情境中各方期望之间的差异所导致的人际冲突.期望差异,包含维度和程度差异两个成分,不可避免且不易为个体所察觉,还可能在群体环境中被强化;在危机情境下,期望差异与风险沟通障碍之间极易形成恶性循环.个体的角色、对信息的知觉、所具有的知识在维度上;心理权利、信任在程度上会对期望差异产生影响并导致沟通障碍.打破思维定势能有效减小期望差异并启动风险沟通的良性循环,在危机管理中具有重要意义.     

SARS危机下网民的情绪状况及其影响因素

通过网络调查的方式 ,采用POMS SF和EPQ RSC问卷以及针对SARS流行的自编题目 ,对 1 85名上网民众进行了调查 ,以了解SARS危机下民众的情绪状况 ,探讨形成不同情绪状况的影响因素。结果发现有大约一半(50 .8% )的被试POMS SF总分在 3 0分以下 ;在SARS危机下 ,人格类型、教育程度、经济收入及其评价、婚姻、地区 (疫区与非疫区 )、年龄等方面的差异影响着人们的情绪状况。研究认为我国大多数网民在SARS威胁下情绪状况基本保持良好 ;对SARS压力的心理控制感、人格类型、社会支持上的差异可能是导致人们出现不同情绪状况的原因。     

风险沟通与公众理性

突发风险事件所导致的恐慌,其危害程度可能远远大于风险事件本身。当灾害突然降临的时候,公众能够启动理性的程度是应对危机的重要基础。文章提出了公众理性的概念,并界定和探讨了公众理性的构成以及公众理性的干扰因素;同时,通过SARS事件,着重分析了风险沟通的性质、特点,以及风险沟通对公众理性干预的可能途径和条件;目的是为总结SARS风险危机和建立应对突发风险事件的心理系统提供理论依据,以更好地促进我国在风险沟通领域的研究与实践。     

观看撕去标签的产品的心理反应:完形还是蔡格尼克?

产品包装标签是人们获取产品信息的最主要途径之一,而影视片段中常出现“去标签”处理的道具。本文以熟悉品牌的矿泉水为例,采用眼动分析法和问卷测量法结合的方式对有无产品标签的影响进行探究。结果表明:受众在观看影视片段中“去标签”处理的道具时的心理反应与完形理论中的知觉组织原则——闭合原则有关,为广告设计提供了新的观点和实证依据。     

压力知觉对大学生抑郁的影响:有调节的中介模型

本研究采用压力知觉量表、心理韧性量表、领悟社会支持量表和抑郁量表考察压力知觉对大学生抑郁的影响机制,调查了中部地区5所大学746名大一到大四学生。研究显示：（1）心理韧性在压力知觉与大学生抑郁之间起部分中介作用;（2）领悟社会支持调节了这一中介过程,调节了压力知觉对大学生抑郁的影响及压力知觉对心理韧性的影响。可以通过降低大学生的压力知觉水平、提高心理韧性水平和领悟社会支持水平来减少其抑郁。     

网络新闻报道人物的社会分类:维度及对信任的影响

面对海量网络新闻,直觉或自动化加工过程在信息可信度判断中起重要作用,而与报道人物相关的社会类别信息是重要认知线索。本研究基于社会分类理论,探究网络新闻报道人物的社会分类维度及其与信任知觉的关系。以34名大学生为被试,采取层级分类任务对预备实验中得到的128个人物群体词语进行分类,并用多维标度法进行分析。结果表明,网络新闻人物的社会分类涉及社会地位高/低,社会距离远/近,传统/非传统三个维度,且后两个维度对信任知觉存在显著影响。研究结果揭示了人们对网络新闻报道人物的认知方式,拓展了信任的研究思路和方法。     

“非典”流行期民众常见的心理应激反应与心理干预

该文介绍了传染性非典型性肺炎（严重的急性呼吸综合征,SARS）急性流行期我国民众较常见的心理应激反应,包括焦虑和恐惧、愤怒和怨恨以及抑郁等情绪反应,认知反应,自我防御反应和生理反应,描述了人们面对SARS威胁时的应对策略;探讨了当前影响民众心理反应的诸种因素,包括刺激事件或刺激情境的性质与特点,对事物的态度和认识评价,应对挑战的能力与应对方式,以及心理社会环境和人格特征等;指出了心理干预应当遵循的四个原则和多种形式,说明了6种心理干预的具体措施和方法。     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.