课堂目标导向对学习成功感的影响研究

该研究以成就目标理论为指导,实证探索不同课堂目标导向对学习成功感的影响。以170名初二学生为被试,在数学课上通过不同的目标导向教学,创造出不同的目标情境,即课堂掌握目标情境、课堂成绩-趋近目标情境和课堂结合目标情境,以研究不同课堂目标导向对学生学习成功感的影响。结果表明:(1)在课堂上创造不同的目标情境具有可行性和重要性;(2)教学干预后,三个实验班学习成功感显著高于对照班;(3)经过教学干预,三个实验班学习成功感有显著提高,而对照班学习成功感前后测无显著差异。研究表明三种课堂目标情境均有助于提高学习成功感。从总体上看,研究的结果支持多重目标理论。     

超出预期策略的实验研究

在先前论文中提出与心理匹配策略相应的,又一用以调节学生学习新材料的学习心向的超出预期策略基础上,本文将该策略运用于数学教学之中,进行现场的教学实验研究。研究结果表明：在数学教学中可以运用超出预期策略对教材内容进行情感性处理,且对调节学生学习心向,提高认知学习的质量是有效的。     

在线学习环境中教师幽默对学习投入的影响：一个多水平的结构方程分析

以教学幽默风格模型（Instructional Humor Styles）和教学幽默加工理论（Instructional Humor Processing Theory）为基础,通过构建多水平的结构方程模型探索在线学习环境中,教师幽默与学习投入关系。结果表明：（1）教师幽默与学习投入无显著相关;（2）在学生层面,仅学生感知的与课堂相关的教师幽默与学习投入呈显著正相关;（3）学生感知的与课堂相关,与课堂无关和攻击性的教师幽默均能通过积极情绪和消极情绪对学习投入产生影响。此外,自我贬低的教师幽默仅通过消极情绪对学习投入产生作用。本研究首次将教学幽默风格理论模型拓展至在线学习环境中,从教师层面和学生层面验证了该理论在我国的适应性。此外,本研究验证了教学幽默加工理论,揭示了教师幽默对学习投入的内在机制,这对改善在线学习环境中学生的学习投入具有一定的指导意义。     

初析麦氏类型与考试成绩和学习成绩的关系

本文介绍了麦氏类型理论在美国学生的智力类考试成绩以及学生在校学习成绩的相关性研究中的成果．对麦氏理论在该领域中的几个经典发现进行了讨论和诠释。本文还分析了不同麦氏维度(极性)的学习特征,并介绍了相应的教学建议。最后,本文结合中国的现状,从麦氏理论的角度,对中国学生的学习环境进行了评价,并提出了几点建议。     

论教师的教学效能感

教师的教学效能感是教师对自己影响学生学习行为和学习成绩的能力的主观判断 ,已有的研究表明 ,它与教师的教学效果、学生的学习状况之间存在着密切的关系。本文是我们对教师教学效能感研究的初步总结 ,全文共分五部分 ,分别为 :1教师教学效能感的含义及其理论与实践的来源 ;2教师教学效能感的结构分析 ;3教师教学效能感的作用机制 ;4教师教学效能感的影响因素分析 ;教师教学效能感的发展与提高     

教学监控与学习监控的培养研究

本文报告的是关于教师的教学监控能力与学生的学习监控能力的培养研究,在为期三年的研究中发现:通过对教师教育教学的条件性知识和教学自我效能感的培养,可明显地提高教师的教学监控水平,进而可促进小学生思维品质与学习方法的提高,促进学生学习监控能力的发展,同时在教学监控与学习监控的培养研究中,探索出一套与学习监控培养相适应的课堂教学策略和课堂教学模式,表明教师的教学监控能力与学生的学习监控能力是相互促进的.     

Photoshop教学中范例教学理论的应用探讨

范例教学是采用精选范例将学生能力的培养与知识的传授相结合的一种教学方式,它是顺应时代发展的需要而产生的。在Photoshop教学中引入范例教学理论,以现代化的教学理论作为指导,可以促进学生主动的学习,达到触类旁通的效果,提高教学质量。     

兴趣教学法在美术教学中的重要性和应用性

一、兴趣教学在美术教学中的重要性 (一)兴趣教学对于完善教学理论有着重要意义 兴趣教学是一种运用具体生动的气氛以激起学生主动学习兴趣、提高学习效率的教学方法.兴趣教学对于开拓教学理论与提高美术教学质量都有着重要的意义,要提高美术课堂教学质量,必须重视兴趣教学.     

农村初中化学实验教学

正初中化学实验是让学生了解、研究自然规律的重要课程,也是学生学习化学的基础。学生的化学实验能力是在学习初中数学的过程中最重要的一项能力,可以培养学生的动手操作能力以及思维能力。在农村的初中教学中,大部分的初中教学条件相对较差,化学实验教学的现状不容乐观。那么针对这些情况,该如何进行教学,提高学生学习化学实验的效率呢?一、农村初中化学实验教学的     

评韦纳的归因效果论

韦纳(Weiner·B)是当代著名的心理学家,有著述四十多部,论文一百多篇。其理论中最著名的要数归因效果论。韦纳认为,学生在当前学习中所表现出来的成就就奋求是由学生对先前成败结果的归因引起的。将先前成功归因于能力等稳定因素提高对当前学习的成就奋求;将先前失败归因于能力等稳定因素降低学生对当前学习的成就奋求。按这一理论指导教学,我们就能通过改变认知变量——归因来提高成就动机水平,进而提高学习成绩。因此,介绍和研究韦纳的归因效果论有重大的理论价值和现实意义。     

课堂环境目标影响学生成就目标的实验研究

采用现场教学实验的方法,探讨了在我国中学课堂教学中,运用TARGET教学模式引导学生的掌握目标定向,激发学习动机的有效性和可行性。被试是来自同一所中学的初中二年级两个班的学生(实验班36人,控制班34人)。研究结果表明,通过教师在课堂上实施强调掌握目标的教学干预策略,可以有效地改善学生的学习动机模式,促使学生更多地采取掌握目标,提高学生的学习兴趣和学习成绩。     

画概念图对高中二年级学生认知结构形成的影响

运用联想测试方法探索高二学生学习新陈代谢一章后的认知结构。运用相关系数值绘制出了学生的认知结构图。结果显示,运用概念图策略进行教学的实验班学生更容易形成认知结构。实验班学生所形成的认知结构更良好、更合理。     

Communication deviances: a comparison between parents of learning-disabled and normally achieving students

This study explored the relationship between parents' communication deviances and children's placement in a learning disability class. Participants were the parents of 30 learning-disabled students and 30 average students attending junior high school. Samples of communication were taken from parents' participation in an experimental task. Using a "blind" sorting procedure, raters were able to identify 87% of the learning-disabled students' parents by their high communication deviance scores and 77% of the average students' parents by their low communication deviance scores on the experimental communication task (p less than or equal to .0001). Implications for future research on the etiology and remediation of learning disabilities are discussed.     

班级环境与学生适应性的多层线性模型

此研究探索中国中小学体制下的班级社会心理环境对于学生的适应性的关系。以江光荣和林盂平所编制的《我的班级》问卷测量班级环境．选择学生的学校适应（由Teacher-Child Rating Scale（T-CRS）测量）、主观幸福感（以Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale（SLSS）测量）和焦虑（用State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children（STAlC）测量）作为适应指标．以多层线性模型（HLM）方法进行分析,结果显示：学生个体所知觉到的班级环境,对其适应水平有相当肯定的鳃释力,而一个班级学生整体适应水平的高低,与这个班的班级环境有极大关联。此结果表明．中国学校体制下的班级社会心理环境对于学生的发展和适应状况,具有举足轻重的作用。     

学校道德氛围知觉对道德发展影响的教育干预实验

目的 探讨学生的学校道德氛围知觉与其道德发展的关系。方法 采用学校道德氛围知觉问卷、SROM-SF问卷及自编情境故事,对100名中学生进行了干预实验,运用SPSS 15.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 通过干预,学生的学校道德氛围知觉水平有了不同程度的提高;学生对学校道德氛围的知觉水平提高后,其道德判断能力有了显著发展。结论 学生的学校道德氛围知觉影响其道德判断能力的发展。     

学校归属感与学生发展的探索研究

采用问卷调查法探讨中小学生的学校归属感与学校适应、自我概念、同伴关系及班级环境的关系。结果表明:1)学校适应、自我概念、同伴关系和班级环境与中小学生的学校归属感有密切的关系;2)学校归属感能有效的预测学生的自我概念;3)师生关系和同伴关系对学校归属感有重要影响,是学校归属感显著的预测变量;4)学校类型对学校归属感有显著的影响,重点中学学生的学校归属感显著高于其他类型学校的学生。     

Behavioral and physiological correlates of stress related to examination performance in college chemistry students

This study was designed to assess physiological and behavioral correlates of academic stress during a college course in organic chemistry in the USA. Participants (45 females, 46 males, mean age 19.88 years) were screened for their basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity using saliva samples collected at the beginning of the course and after each major test. Displacement activities (DAs) were observed during each test by videotaping students' behavior when they were taking the tests. These variables were then used as predictors of the students' achievement as measured by their grade point average (GPA) scores, American College Testing (ACT) scores, and their final grade in the class. Ninety-one students, enrolled in Organic Chemistry I at Marshall University during the summer of 2009, were recruited for this study. It was found that individual differences in the physiological stress responses are a factor in predicting the students' ability to pass a challenging class. A logistic model built on GPA, DAs during stress, and salivary hormone (cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone) concentrations was able to correctly classify almost 90% of the students passing the class. The same model was not nearly as successful in determining the possible factors behind failing the class, because the classification success was just 52%, a figure close to chance. We conclude that a clear set of characteristics related to the students' ability and resilience to psychological stress are necessary to succeed in a challenging class. The reason behind dropping or failing a class could be less defined. These data indicated that investigating the physiological and behavioral propensities associated with psychological stress can help us better understand an individual's coping responses to a long-term challenging situation.     

特殊教育师范生感知班级氛围对学习投入的影响:专业认同的中介作用与未来取向的调节作用

探讨特殊教育师范生感知班级氛围与学习投入的关系,考察专业认同在两者之间的中介作用,以及未来取向的调节作用。采用学生感知班级氛围量表、学习投入量表、大学生专业认同量表和未来取向问卷对582名特殊教育师范生进行调查。结果发现：（1）特殊教育师范生感知班级氛围对学习投入具有正向预测作用;（2）专业认同在感知班级氛围与学习投入的关系中起着重要的中介作用;（3）未来取向显著调节特殊教育师范生感知班级氛围对学习投入的直接路径,也调节中介效应的后半段即特殊教育师范生专业认同对学习投入的影响。本研究结果丰富了特殊教育职前教育理论,对提升特殊教育师范生培养质量具有实践意义。     

Computerized hypertextual strategy and personal construction of meaning

The aim of this study is to provide information about the effects of strategic training in the area of social sciences (1) on the real level, as well as perceived competence in terms of the students' skills to select, organise and produce information; and (2) on their attitude and motivation towards working in this area of the curriculum. 107 students took part in this study, 57 of whom were the control group and 50 the experimental one. They were all enrolled in the third year of secondary school (9th year). The teachers and students who took part in this experience followed an on-line course to manage the strategy for approximately three months. Subsequently, the teacher introduced the tool in class, applying it both from a conceptual and a procedural point of view. The results show that the strategic training implemented in this study greatly improved written understanding procedures (both literal and inferential), increased perceived competence to manage internal information (selection, organization, and elaboration), and generated positive changes in terms of students' attitude and motivation towards working in the area of social sciences.     

Vulnerability to depressive mood reactions: toward a more powerful test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the reformulated theory of depression

To provide a more powerful test of the diathesis-stress component of the reformulated theory of depression (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978), we extended and refined the Metalsky, Abramson, Seligman, Semmel, and Peterson (1982) study and examined whether the content of college students' attributional styles (hypothesized attributional diathesis) as measured at Time 1 interacted with the outcomes students received on a class midterm exam to predict their subsequent depressive mood responses. In addition, to test the mediation component of the theory, we examined whether the relation between the hypothesized attributional diathesis and failure students' subsequent depressive mood responses to their low midterm grades was mediated by the particular causal attributions these students made for their low grades. The results partially corroborated the current statement (Abramson, Alloy, & Metalsky, 1986; Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1986a, 1986b) of the diathesis-stress component of the theory. Whereas students' immediate depressive mood reactions were predicted solely by the outcomes they received on the class midterm exams, their enduring depressive mood reactions were predicted solely by the hypothesized Attributional Diathesis X Outcome on Midterm Exam interaction. The direction and form of the interaction were in line with prediction. The results fully corroborated predictions derived from the mediation component of the theory as they applied to students' enduring mood responses.