从《说文解字》看中国古代酒文化美

<说文解字>一书中关于酒的相关信息非常丰富:有关于造酒原料、酿造过程,酿造时间、酒的清浊、酒的厚薄、酒的颜色气味、饮酒情态、各种酒器、酒礼酒俗等的专字.这些字反映了我国古代博大精深的酒文化内涵,体现着意味深长的酒文化之美.     

中日酒道的文化差异探究

中日两国人民都酷爱饮酒,"酒道"在日本也曾经盛行一时。从酒的种类、器具及饮酒习惯,对中日两国的酒文化进行对比研究,结果表明二者的差异与中日两国的原生文化、地理环境、审美意识的差异息息相关。     

酒·酒祸·酒戒

饮酒戒是佛教五根本戒之一,也是对四众弟子的基本要求。陈星桥居士《酒·酒祸·酒戒》一文,对中国酒文化的历史和现状,酒的种种危害,以及佛法对酒及酒祸的认识,作了极为精彩透辟的论述。在酒祸频仍的现在,正需要佛法大船,引领众生脱离昏昧愚痴的酒海,体会到智慧生活的清凉快乐。     

醉美之思:贵州饮酒文化美意寻幽

贵州的饮酒文化丰裕而浓厚,自然而幽深。从哲学上考察其审美韵味,会发现贵州饮酒文化包含着程序美、气氛美、人情美、超脱美等不同侧面,"醉美"可以囊括其总精神。"醉美"是一种醉中有美、美中有醉的忘我之境,它融摄了审美与道德。贵州饮酒文化是全国酒文化的突出代表,深入了解酒文化丰富的意蕴,对发展酒文化产业,对创意事业均有重要意义。     

现代宝丰酒酒具文化与设计研究

宝丰酒作为具有地方特色的酒,其酿酒历史悠久,技术发达,由于其独特的地理环境及地域文化,宝丰酒酒具造型设计曾别具一格。如今的宝丰酒酒具的造型、设计思想、材料和加工工艺、装饰纹样等虽逐步趋于现代化,但宝丰酒作为地方特色酒,其酒具设计中却出现地域文化缺失的现象,因此我们需要探究此问题,为宝丰酒文化及其酒具设计提供新思路,最终设计出既突出宝丰酒文化内涵又符合现代人需要的酒具产品设计。     

“酒文化”走俏的反思

“酒文化”走俏的反思缘诚近几年“酒文化”这个词儿走俏,时常见诸于大众媒体和酒广告中。咱并不反对从文化的视角来发掘酒这种物质产品的文化内涵,也不反对人们对消费行为作文化的审视。咱中国的名酒享誉世界,中国的造酒历史源远流长,早在商代甲骨文中就有酒字,史载...     

从酒文化看日本人的社交方式

酒作为人类发明史上一颗璀璨的明珠,已经以各种各样的姿态融入到了人类的生存活动中。通过介绍日本酒文化剖析日本人酒文化与日本人社交的关系。     

《古兰经》的伦理道德思想(续)

安拉称远离酒和赌博是得救的一种媒介,相比而言,饮酒和赌博则成为两世失算的原由。 安拉还将酒和赌博列为引起敌对和仇视的根源,而敌对和仇视是人间最大的恶行。 最后指出饮酒和赌博会阻碍人记念安拉和力行拜功,而纪念安拉和力行拜功则是伊斯兰教精神之所在。下面我再分别说明酒和     

我国酒精性肝病的医学困惑与应对策略

酒精性肝病是导致我国肝脏损害的第二大原因,已成为最严重的健康问题之一。我国已经迎来了酒精性肝病的高峰时期,并将会持续增长,卫生系统将面临巨大的压力。然而,对于酒精性肝病本身,还存在着诊断、治疗、预防等众多医学困惑;饮酒的危害不仅仅局限在肝脏,还可引起全身多器官的损害;酒害也早已超越了医疗界,是一个严重的社会问题。对于酒精性肝病的防治需要全社会共同参与,并且将是一条极其漫长而艰难的路程。     

彝族生活习俗中的"火"信仰

本文通过对彝族丧葬、火把节、酒文化以及虎崇拜的分析研究,认为在彝族各种丧葬中火葬历时最久、影响最深·彝族火把节是受彝族火葬的影响而发展起来的传统节日,彝人认为酒可以"通神",虎崇拜是因为彝族先民认为虎既是万物的起源又是人死后的归属.彝族火葬、火把节和酒文化的目的指向是死后变成虎,在祖先地享受幸福生活.彝族火葬、火把节、酒文化和虎崇拜都包含了"火信仰".     

Episode-specific drinking-to-cope motivation and next-day stress-reactivity

Background: Research consistently shows drinking-to-cope (DTC) motivation is uniquely associated with drinking-related problems. We furthered this line of research by examining whether DTC motivation is predictive of processes indicative of poor emotion regulation. Specifically, we tested whether nighttime levels of episode-specific DTC motivation, controlling for drinking level, were associated with intensified affective reactions to stress the following day (i.e. stress-reactivity). Design and Methods: We used a micro-longitudinal design to test this hypothesis in two college student samples from demographically distinct institutions: a large, rural state university (N?=?1421; 54% female) and an urban historically Black college/university (N?=?452; 59% female). Results: In both samples the within-person association between daily stress and negative affect on days following drinking episodes was stronger in the positive direction when previous night's drinking was characterized by relatively higher levels of DTC motivation. We also found evidence among students at the state university that average levels of DTC motivation moderated the daily stress-negative affect association. Conclusions: Findings are consistent with the notion that DTC motivation confers a unique vulnerability that affects processes associated with emotion regulation.     

Alcohol Use Among Older Adults

Alcohol use problems among older adults have been called the "invisible epidemic." As the population of older adults continues to grow, there is an increased need to reexamine alcohol use in this population. The authors provide an overview on alcohol use in the over-60 age group. The main areas of focus included research on the prevalence of drinking in that population, as well as comments on the best practices in assessment and psychological treatment. Several screening assessments have been recommended for use with older adults, such as the CAGE questionnaire, Michigan Alcohol Screening Test-Geriatric version, Alcohol-Related Problems Survey, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. The authors note age-appropriate psychological treatment interventions that include brief interventions, family interventions, motivational counseling, and cognitive behavioral therapies. Barriers to assessment and treatment are also discussed.     

酒后操作性认知的“近视”和“远视”效应

15名被试在摄人酒精BAL≤0．5‰前后的四个时段内接受一套简单的运算操作任务,近2／3被试的认知一操作能力显示受酒精影响发生变异：酒后30分钟操作时间延滞,至60分钟更具显著性;同时,操作错误亦大幅上升,但变化趋势不同于操作时间。酒精干扰呈现认知“近视”与“远视”的迹象。     

The relationship between self-efficacy,readiness to change,and AUDIT risk levels in a sample of active duty emergency department patients

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between self-efficacy, readiness to change, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) risk levels in a sample of active duty drinkers who were seeking care in a military emergency department. Civilian health educators screened participants for alcohol use with the AUDIT and collected sociodemographic, service, and drinking-related cognitions data from active duty patients admitted to an emergency department. A total of 787 active duty military personnel participated in the study. Almost half (48%) drank at least once a week and 32% reported consuming five or more alcoholic drinks during a typical drinking episode. One in five participants reported heavy episodic drinking weekly to almost daily. Results of a multinomial logistic regression model showed that active duty service members with a self-reported diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder since joining the military were more likely to be an at-risk or high/severe risk drinker relative to a low risk drinker. Higher controlled drinking self-efficacy was associated with a decrease in the odds of being either an at-risk or high/severe risk drinker. Increased readiness to reduce drinking was associated with an increase in the odds of being either an at risk or high/severe risk drinker. The results of this research suggest self-efficacy to control one’s heavy drinking as well as readiness to change may be important factors to consider when designing alcohol education programs within the military.     

Alcohol use affects sleep duration among military couples

Alcohol misuse and sleep disorders are highly comorbid, prevalent among service members and their romantic partners, and affected by relationship interdependence. As most military health research focuses on either service members or their spouses, the current study examined dyadic effects of alcohol use on sleep cycle duration in dating and married military couples (N = 149 dyads), using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Person-level results from a series of multilevel path models showed partial support for our focal hypothesis implicating high alcohol use in shortened average sleep duration for the service members and their romantic partners. Specifically, partners of service members who drank more regularly had shorter average sleep durations, as did female service members who drank more alcohol per drinking occasion. At the couple-level, a partner effect indicated that service members’ lower depressive symptoms were associated with their partner’s shorter average sleep durations. In addition, when service members reported relatively high alcohol-related problems, their partner tended to have a shorter average sleep duration. In contrast, when service members’ partners reported relatively high alcohol-related problems, they had a longer average sleep duration. This suggests the consequences of problematic alcohol use for service members’ partners depended on each dyad member’s drinking patterns. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of viewing military couples as a dyadic unit in research studies and clinical interventions.     

Social Anxiety and Specificity of Positive Alcohol Expectancies: Preliminary Findings

This preliminary study examined the relationship between social anxiety and specificity of positive alcohol outcome expectancies (AOE) in a community sample of 62 drinking adults. The sample was divided into subsets of socially anxious (n = 17) and nonsocially anxious (n = 45) men and women. The Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (DEQ) and Alcohol Expectancies in Social Evaluative Situations Scale (AESES) were used to determine if groups differed in the general positive AOE they hold, or only in AOE specific to social situations. ANOVAs revealed that socially anxious individuals had greater positive AOE specific to social situations (DEQ—Assertion scale and AESES) than nonsocially anxious individuals, with no differences in other positive AOE. Partial correlations controlling for social anxiety revealed that AOE specific to social situations correlated with greater drinking and alcohol dependency levels. Findings indicate that identification of AOE specific to social situations may be useful in classifying socially anxious individuals at risk for alcoholism and as a focus of expectancy challenge strategies for individuals with co-occurring social anxiety and drinking problems.     

Motives and Consequences of Alcohol Use in People With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Daily Diary Study

People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. Most research exploring social anxiety and alcohol use has examined negative drinking consequences, with less consideration of positive consequences—namely positive social experiences—that may reinforce alcohol use. In this daily diary study, we examined how adults diagnosed with SAD (N = 26) and a psychologically healthy control group (N = 28) experienced positive drinking consequences in naturally occurring drinking episodes during the study period. For 14 consecutive days, participants answered questions about alcohol use, motives for drinking, and positive consequences of drinking. On days when participants drank, those with SAD were more likely than healthy controls to perceive a reduction in anxiety, but the two groups did not differ in their likelihood of experiencing positive social drinking consequences. For both groups, on days when they were more motivated to drink to enhance social experiences (affiliation motives) or cope with distress (coping motives), they were more likely to obtain positive consequences from drinking. Compared to controls, participants with SAD endorsed stronger trait and daily coping motives (anxiety-coping, social anxiety-coping, and depression-coping). Results are discussed in the context of reinforcement mechanisms that may maintain social anxiety and alcohol use.     

A longitudinal study of the effects of coping motives,negative affect and drinking level on drinking problems among college students

We examined among college students the interactive effects of drinking to cope (DTC) motivation, anxiety and depression symptoms, and drinking level in predicting drinking-related problems (DRPs). Using an Internet-based survey, participants (N = 844, 53% women) first reported on their drinking motives and monthly for up to three months, they reported on their drinking level, anxiety, depression, and DRPs. We found a three-way interaction between DTC motivation and average levels of drinking and anxiety (but not depression) in predicting DRPs. Specifically, among individuals with stronger DTC motives, higher mean levels of anxiety were associated with a stronger positive association between mean drinking levels and DRPs. We did not find three-way interactions in the models examining monthly changes in anxiety, depression, and drinking in predicting monthly DRPs. However, individuals high in DTC motivation showed a stronger positive association between changes in drinking level and DRPs. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms related to attention-allocation and self-control resource depletion.     

Investigating the mechanisms fuelling reduced false recall of emotional material

Addictive behaviour has qualities that make it ideal for study using implicit techniques. Addictive behaviours are mediated in part by automatic responses to drug cues, and there is sometimes social pressure to distort self-reports. However, relationships between implicit attitudes and addictive behaviours have been inconsistent. Using a new implicit measure, the affect misattribution procedure (AMP), we found consistent evidence that drinking-related behaviours are systematically related to implicit attitudes. The procedure predicted a behavioural choice to drink beer and self-reported typical drinking tendencies, including hazardous drinking and alcohol-related problems. The AMP showed larger relationships with drinking behaviour than other implicit measures, and explained unique variance in drinking beyond those measures and beyond explicit measures. Though self-presentation distorted self-reports, it did not affect AMP scores. These studies highlight the importance of automatic affective responses in addictive behaviour and suggest a useful means for measuring those responses.     

酒精对前注意加工的影响：失匹配负波的证据

前注意是指在注意之前对事物进行该不该注意分析的心理过程, 它对人适应不断变化的环境具有很重要的作用。近年来一些研究者用失匹配负波(Mismatch Negtivity, MMN)作为前注意加工的ERP指标探讨了酒精对人前注意加工的影响, 结果发现：1)急性摄入超过0.3g/kg的酒精, 人的MMN波幅会显著减小, 波峰潜伏期显著延长; 2)长期慢性摄入酒精, 人的MMN不仅表现为波幅减小和波峰潜伏期延迟, 而且在戒断酒精之后, MMN又会逐渐恢复正常; 3)有酒精成瘾家族史的子代的MMN没发现异常。这些研究结果说明酒精的急性和慢性摄入会损害人的前注意加工, 但尚未发现这种损害会影响到下一代的证据。