九论道德资本 ——企业道德资本类型及其评估指标体系

企业道德资本是企业文化和企业精神的无形资本或精神资本中体现为企业及其员工道德觉悟和德行、道德性制度、"物化德性"等生产性道德资源。企业道德资本有其自身的特点,同时,企业道德资本有其独特的类型和具体的操作性指标。当然,企业类型多样,涉及的具体企业又是千差万别,因此,道德资本评估指标会有差别,需要根据企业的具体生产内容和特点作必要的道德资本内容和表征表达的设计变换。不过,不管什么企业,即使其道德资本评估指标的内容和表征表达方式上因企业不同而不同,但其道德资本评估的主旨理念是一致的。     

论企业家的伦理气质

企业家是拥有资本且懂得资本运营艺术的精英,他们拥有为他者所不具备的伦理气质或伦理精神,韦伯称之为"资本主义精神",而桑巴特叫作"伦理气质"。这种伦理气质成为了企业家追求收益最大化同时也最大化地履行社会责任的精神基础。从类型上看,企业家的伦理气质表现为"理智的德性"和"道德的德性";从内容上看,表现为理性精神、创新精神、正义感和社会责任感。在现代性语境下,探讨中国企业家如何形成企业家的"伦理精神"并充分运用这种精神,对中国企业的健康发展无疑是十分重要的理论工作。     

企业的社会责任与道德约束--从社会责任标准(SA8000)说起

社会责任标准(SA 8000)的提出,有国际贸易和劳工标准关系“挂钩”的复杂背景,对以劳动密集型为主的我国企业构成了不小的挑战。但是,如果把这个标准看作是在强资本弱劳动情况下,企业履行社会责任、善待利益相关者(主要是员工)的一种道德约束,它的积极意义仍然值得肯定。重要的是,切实执行以《劳动法》为代表的我国有关法律法规,与取得SA 8000标准认证并不矛盾。     

论政府推动企业履行道德责任的有效路径

如何发挥政府的促进作用,有效地推动企业履行道德责任,实现企业的可持续性发展,是当前我国企业在转型过程中不得不面对的一个重大课题.政府应当根据企业道德责任的不同层次,准确把握我国企业当下发展的特点,从四个方面推进企业道德责任的自律:一是塑造宽松生存环境,为企业践行道德责任奠定和谐空间;二是推进道德立法,促企业基本道德责任从他律走向自律;三是建立健全道德激励机制,确保企业道德责任自我选择;四是给予企业自由意志空间,实现企业崇高道德责任的持续超越.     

六论道德资本——兼评西松著《领导者的道德资本》

道德资本是特殊的资本形式,是企业发展不可或缺的条件,培育、应用和管理好道德资本将是企业获取更好效益和更多利润的重要方法和途径。西班牙的阿莱霍·何塞·G.西松围绕领导者的道德资本而展开的论述,提出了一些有创见的和有借鉴意义的理论。     

道德资本与中国体育企业可持续发展

道德资本作为一种精神资本、文化资本和价值资本,全方位地渗透于企业经济管理的诸方面,对企业发展发挥积极作用.它可以提升体育企业经营的道德境界、打造人性化的体育产品、增加体育企业的道德资产,从而最终实现体育企业做强做大做久,并保持基业长青与可持续发展.打造中国体育企业的道德资本,需要从道德环境建构、企业道德建设、政府监管等方面入手.作为企业“软实力”的道德资本,道德资本无疑对提升当代中国体育企业整体素质与国际竞争力,实现可持续发展无疑具有重要价值意义.     

21世纪以来学术界关于道德资本研究的争鸣

道德资本概念自提出至今引起学界高度关注,几度出现激烈争鸣。随着我国经济社会的发展,道德资本研究也逐步深入和扩展,成为企业实践和经济发展的重要理论依据。对学术界争论历程及主要观点的系统梳理,有利于进一步厘清道德资本的属性、构成、作用机理、社会价值等,也有利于推动良好学术环境的形成。     

清末民初的道德救世与伦理重构刍议

清末民初时人视道德为救世法宝。其内涵主要体现在道德思维、道德理想、道德精神、道德责任、道德判断、道德选择、道德实践等方面。它们彼此影响,共同推动救世思潮走向高潮。其间显现的现实困难促使伦理重构次递展开。此举客观上冲破了固有纲常经典藩篱,导致此一制度化理论体系的解构,开启了近代伦理重构的序幕。他们立足于批判继承、综合创新以展示其现实价值,初步确立起中国近代伦理学雏形,实现了传统伦理道德的近代化。     

论道德与资本的逻辑关系

道德与资本是相辅相成的关系。资本的本性与道德力量不仅不相抵触,而且互为支撑,资本的科学运动需要道德,道德在经济建设中的存在理由和作用需要效益和利润验证;道德目的与资本目的在经济活动中相向而行,取向趋同,都是为了取得更多效益和利润,同时在不同路径上提升人的素质;道德价值与资本理性目标一致,且有着不可分割的逻辑关联,道德价值和资本理性在资本运动中实现统一。因此,道德是经济活动中的重要精神资本,道德也是资本。     

佛教文化与道德自治

佛教文化包孕的核心价值观与以德治国方略都以道德教育为主要内容,其主要任务都是实现道德理性,使人的道德修养渐趋完备。佛教文化的普世价值在探讨和解决古代中国社会道德自治的问题中有所发展、有所创新,并以"中国化"的语言和方式表达出佛教的基本理论。因而,佛教文化在形成道德自治的导向性上比儒家、道家更强,它无疑会对道德自治的形成和践行及以德治国方略产生重要的推动作用。     

Nascent entrepreneurship and the developing individual: Early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence and venture creation success during the career

What predicts a person's venture creation success over the course of the career, such as making progress in the venture creation process and multiple successful venture creations? Applying a life span approach of human development, this study examined the effect of early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence, which was gathered retrospectively by means of the Life History Calendar method. Human and social capitals during the founding process were investigated as mediators between adolescent competence and performance. Findings were derived from regression analyses on the basis of prospective and retrospective data from two independent samples (N = 88 nascent founders; N = 148 founders). We found that early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence had a positive effect on making progress in the venture creation process. Nascent founders' current human and social capital also had a direct effect, but it did not mediate the effect of early competences. Finally, the data revealed that early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence positively predicted habitual entrepreneurship (multiple successful venture creations) exhibited over a longer period of the individual career (specifically, 18 years). In line with the results from prospective longitudinal studies on early precursors of entrepreneurship, our findings underscore the long neglected importance of adolescent development in the explanation of entrepreneurial performance during the subsequent working life.     

Effects of active student response during error correction on the acquisition and maintenance of geography facts by elementary students with learning disabilities

An alternating treatments design was used to compare the effects of Active Student Response (ASR) error correction and No Response (NR) error correction during instruction of the capitals of states and countries. Three students with learning disabilities were provided one-to-one daily instruction on four sets of 14 unknown capitals (7 ASR capitals and 7 NR capitals). Student errors during instruction on ASR capitals were immediately followed by the teacher stating the capital and the student repeating it (an active student response). Errors on NR capitals were immediately followed by the teacher stating the capital while the student visually attended to a geography card with the correct capital handwritten on it (an on-task response). During instruction each of the three students correctly stated more capitals taught with ASR instruction than he or she stated with NR error correction. Results of same-day and next-day tests show that all three students learned more capitals with ASR error correction than with NR error correction The students also correctly stated more ASR error correction capitals on 1-week maintenance tests.     

A religious perspective on climate change

The aim of this article is to argue that religions can contribute to fight climate change. It is argued that religions can contribute with ethics. Religions can contribute with reflections concerning fundamental ethical principles as well as practical ethical instructions concerning sustainable lifestyles. But it is also argued that religions can contribute with a world-view that underpins ethics in a very fruitful way. We can want to protect the world because it is beautiful, not simply because it is useful. A religious worldview is articulated very clearly in praise and celebration. Here all of creation is praised and celebrated as the works of an all loving God or Spirit. This implies that the universe, planet Earth and all life on it are seen as creations which all have an intrinsic value. They are not just accidental matter or means for human beings, but magnificent creations which are commendable in themselves, no matter what their utility value may be. According to this religious interpretation ethics are thus grounded in a cosmic love. The motivation for taking care of the environment is love and not rational calculation and duty. A motivation based on positive, elevated feelings such as love, respect, devotion and an experience of beauty is much more vigorous than a motivation based on cool calculations and cold-hearted duty. Religion can engage people at a deeper level than economics and policy, and a deep engagement is extremely important for the success of fighting climate changes, because it is going to take decades.     

Moral education,ubuntu and ubuntu-inspired communities

While it is generally believed that moral education is important in the development of children, there is disagreement over a range of issues concerning the teaching of values and morals in schools. In the forefront of this debate are issues concerning whether morality or values and morals can be taught in schools, ought to be taught, and how they should be taught. In this paper I want to focus on the last of the issues within the background of ubuntu. My broad interest is to stimulate discussion regarding whether ubuntu, ubuntu-inspired communities, and some of its values can contribute to the issue of the teaching of values and morals. In the process of my engagement with moral education and ubuntu, I can be taken to be offering ubuntu and practices in ubuntu communities as an alternative way of teaching values and morals – values that are important for social and political citizenship.     

社会主义荣辱观研究综述

自从胡锦涛总书记提出社会主义荣辱观的基本内涵以后,学者们基于我国传统道德传统和现实问题,展开了多方面的研究。社会主义荣辱观的提出具有重大的历史意义,它为公民道德建设提供了价值选择的方向指导,对科学发展观的实施具有推动作用,是构建社会主义和谐社会必要条件和精神方向。社会主义荣辱观是对传统荣辱观念的继承和超越,是对社会主义道德原则规范的丰富和拓展,是对革命传统道德的继承和发扬,同时也是与市场经济的价值取向有着内在一致。社会主义荣辱观具有程度极高的普遍性和可实施特点,认真探讨社会主义核心价值观念和社会主义荣辱观之间的关系,努力为社会主义现代化建设提供可行的价值支撑,应该是理论研究所追求的重要目标。     

Calling the Skeptic’s Bluff: Brains,Vats, and Irrelevance

Dogmatists often exploit the skeptical argument based on the brains-in-a-vat (BIV) scenario as a test case for their epistemological enterprises. I argue that this ‘argument’ does not deserve our attention, so it should not be used as a test case. I first show that the possibilities of empirical knowledge and of skeptical scenarios are inconsistent (the Inconsistency Thesis). If so, the BIV-skeptic must make the case for preferring such scenarios over the possibility of empirical knowledge. The central argument of my paper is that the BIV-skeptic can neither rely on any selection principle (e.g. conceivability) for this purpose, nor can she claim that she needs no such principle. Then I will show that we can even dispense with the Inconsistency Thesis: if the skeptic wishes, she may allow for the possibility of empirical knowledge. The essay concludes with considering the morals of the above argument for the dogmatist (or simply, epistemological) endeavor.

     

On ethical order

The existent ethical relationships are the result of the historical amalgamation of objective and subjective conditions. Ethical relationships are essential relationships in the real and rational order, which are maintained by a system of regulations on morals, laws and customs, and infused with a spirit of subjectivity. Rationality and legitimacy are the primary concerns of those relationships. A distinction between morals and ethos needs to be made when studying ethical order. Sound ethical order lies in effective regulation of morals and effective control of law. In the process of social reform, ethical order promotes social development through the dialectical movement of freedom and necessity. A harmonious society is a society which is based on legitimate and just ethical order. Translated by Cui Hui from Lunlixue yanjiu 伦理学研究 (Studies in Ethics), 2007, (5): 1–8     

Morally based self-esteem, drinking motives, and alcohol use among college students.

This research examined the relationship of morally based self-esteem with drinking motives and alcohol consumption among college students. Basing self-esteem on morals was expected to be negatively associated with drinking behavior. We further expected this relationship to be mediated by drinking motives. Participants (N = 201; 45% male, 55% female) completed self-report measures of contingencies of self-worth, drinking motives, and drinking behavior. Previous research was supported in that college students whose self-esteem was more strongly contingent upon following personal morals consumed less alcohol. The current research extended these findings by showing that this relationship was mediated by drinking motives. Results suggest that it may be useful to better incorporate personal values into interventions for college students. The implementation of personal values in combination with brief treatments is discussed.     

论性道德教育的基本理念

性道德教育的基本理念是:道德调控的理念、以人为本的理念、终身教育的理念。道德调控的理念表明性道德教育的客观性和必然性;以人为本的理念表明性道德教育的重要性和必要性;终身教育的理念表明性道德教育的长期性和复杂性。三个理念相辅相成有机结合,构成了性道德教育的基本理念框架,为当代性道德教育奠定了理论和观念基础,确立了正确的思想和价值导向。     

浅谈如何激活公安民警的道德内需

道德建设是公安队伍最基本的建设。激活公安民警的道德需求 ,启动公安民警道德建设的动力系统 ,是公安机关道德建设健康、有效开展的前提和保障。为此 ,一要进行经常性的道德教化和引导 ;二要实施道德制度性约束 ;三要建立有奖有罚的激励机制 ;四要营造良好的道德环境。