社会支持与企业下岗人员心理健康

研究结果显示,社会支持与企业下岗人员心理健康有着比较显著的相关关系,良好的社会支持能够在一定程度上降低企业下岗人员的心理应激反应;预防和控制心理障碍的产生和发展,保持心理健康。此外,研究还发现,下岗人员社会支持状况还与个体生物学特征(如性别)、心理特征(如个性)等因素相关。     

社会失范与心理障碍

我国社会转型期社会失范加剧 ,主要表现在权威失范、角色失范和社会主导价值观混乱。它使人们普遍感受到生存环境的不确定性和缺乏安全感 ,对于易感人群来说 ,则容易出现适应上的困难 ,进而产生各种心理障碍     

关于大学生心理障碍干预模式的理论建构

本文在已有研究的基础上,根据大学生心理发展与心理素质的特点和不同心理学派的理论观点建构了大学生心理障碍干预模式,该模式由多维系统的干预途径、多样渗透的干预方法、丰富全面的干预工作内容和完善化人性化的干预机制组成,它们之间的关系既是独立的,又是相互协调和影响的。体现了大学生心理障碍干预模式的系统完整性及实施干预的灵活多样性和明确针对性。     

社会焦虑与危机干预

通过分析社会焦虑的成因及其所带来的危机后果 ,从积极的角度予以心理干预 ,使人们失衡的认知功能和情感反应趋于稳定 ,行为合理化 ,并指出目前危机干预存在的问题和对未来的展望     

心理危机干预与社会和谐

本文通过总结参加5．12汶川地震后心理救援的亲身体验．概括介绍了对灾民实施个案访谈、集体辅导等心理援助的方式与成效,提出“灾难之后人的尊严和信心就是自愈的力量”,“灾难是可以成为知识被纳入个体经验的”,“组合并优化新的人际关系,帮助个体确立恰当的目标,引导正确归因,是灾后心理常态重建的良好策略”等论据,最终得出“处理得当,危机可以促进社会和谐”的鲜明论点。     

心内科处理心理障碍患者治疗方案的可行性分析

为了探讨在心内科治疗心理障碍患者的可行性,我们应用汉密尔顿量表评估400例到心内科就诊的患者,对诊断为焦虑或抑郁状态的患者分为两组(心内科干预组,心理科治疗组),随访半年,观察焦虑或抑郁状态的缓解情况.结果显示,本研究共入选符合心理障碍诊断者71例,占就诊人数的17.75%.到心理科治疗患者30例,在心内科门诊治疗患者41例,半年随访评估,治疗有效率分别为16.7%和79.4%(16.7%VS 79.4%,P<0.05).因此,在心内科门诊对就诊的心理障碍患者进行治疗,是一种可行的方案.     

心内科处理心理障碍患者治疗方案的可行性分析

为了探讨在心内科治疗心理障碍患者的可行性,我们应用汉密尔顿量表评估400例到心内科就诊的患者,对诊断为焦虑或抑郁状态的患者分为两组（心内科干预组,心理科治疗组）,随访半年,观察焦虑或抑郁状态的缓解情况。结果显示,本研究共入选符合心理障碍诊断者71例,占就诊人数的17．75％。到心理科治疗患者30例,在心内科门诊治疗患者41例,半年随访评估,治疗有效率分别为16．7％和79．4％（16．7％vs79．4％,P〈0．05）。因此,在心内科门诊对就诊的心理障碍患者进行治疗,是一种可行的方案。     

PCI术前术后的心理障碍识别与处理

概述冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术前术后患者合并心理障碍的较高发生率以及心理障碍对冠心病发生、发展及预后的影响,分析 PCI 术前术后患者出现焦虑抑郁等心理障碍的原因、产生机制及影响因素,强调心内科医生应及时识别 PCI 术前术后患者出现的心理障碍,并以“双心医学”方式对其进行心理精神医学及心血管专科医学治疗,同时对心血管专科医学治疗效果不明显的冠心病 PCI 患者,进行相关的鉴别诊断后也要进行心理精神医学的诊断和治疗,以便有利于 PCI 术患者的康复和预后,减少不必要的检查和治疗。     

慢性疼痛与心理障碍

疼痛是一种复杂的心理生物学过程。疼痛的感知和情绪活动密不可分,疼痛是一种包括感觉、情绪和认知的多维性体验,人与人之间差异很大,甚至同一个体也随疼痛的背景、意义以及心理状态而异。认知因素和情感因素对疼痛感知具有非常重要的影响。本文回顾疼痛认知和情感状态调节（身心治疗的重要组成部分）潜在的神经学机制。回顾慢性疼痛本身会改变大脑环路、包括参与内源性疼痛调节的循证证据,这些证据表明随着疼痛转为慢性,控制疼痛越来越困难。     

心理障碍与完美主义关系的研究进展

国外对心理障碍与完美主义的关系研究集中在进食障碍、焦虑障碍、强迫障碍、社交恐惧和抑郁等领域。研究表明,完美主义是导致心理障碍的原因之一,但并非所有的完美主义或者完美主义的所有维度都会导致心理障碍。     

灾难中的心理危机干预——精神病学的视角

灾难事件是一种特殊类型的生活事件,因其超出个体应对能力,因此灾难事件后常并发一系列的精神卫生问题。急性应激障碍、创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症、自杀是灾后常见精神卫生问题。本文回顾了近年来灾难事件相关精神障碍的研究,并总结了去年发生在我国的两次重大灾难性事件的相关研究结果,从精神病学视角对灾难事件后心理危机干预策略进行了探讨。     

心理干预对产褥期精神障碍患者生活质量的影响

探讨心理干预对产褥期精神障碍患者生活质量的影响。将85例产褥期精神障碍患者随机分为研究组45例和对照组40例,两组均给予精神科常规护理,研究组在此基础上根据患者的具体情况,实施有针对性的心理护理干预。于心理护理干预后采用Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）、Hamilton焦虑量表（HAMA）和生存质量量表（SF－36...     

Skills for Social and Academic Success: A School-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents

This paper describes Skills for Academic and Social Success (SASS), a cognitive–behavioral, school-based intervention for adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Clinic-based treatment studies for socially anxious youth are reviewed, and a strong rationale for transporting empirically-based interventions into schools, such as SASS, is provided. The SASS program consists of 12, 40-min group sessions that emphasize social skills and in-vivo exposure. In addition to group sessions, students are seen individually at least twice and participate in 4 weekend social events with prosocial peers from their high schools. Meetings with teachers provide information about social anxiety and facilitate classroom exposures for socially anxious participants. Parents attend 2 psychoeducational meetings about social anxiety, its treatment, and approaches for managing their childs anxiety. Initial findings regarding the programs effectiveness are presented. We conclude by discussing the challenges involved in implementing treatment protocols in schools and provide suggestions to address these issues.     

叙事治疗在老年双心病患者中的实践

为研究叙事疗法作用,选取江苏省人民医院老年心血管科40名心血管疾病合并情绪障碍住院患者为研究对象,分为试验组和对照组。对照组20人给予常规治疗和常规人文关怀,试验组20人在常规服务的基础上增加多学科协作模式的叙事治疗个案服务,干预前后采用医院焦虑抑郁量表测量作为评估工具,旨在探索医务社工参与的“双心”医学多学科协作模式。结果显示,对照组与试验组分值均有下降,试验组患者的焦虑分值和抑郁分值下降幅度更大(P < 0.05),叙事疗法对双心病患者的干预效果显著。多学科协作模式下的叙事疗法可有效缓解双心病患者的心理障碍、提高科室满意度、提升医疗团队专业能力、创新学科建设与人文服务,具有可推广性。

     

老年抑郁症心理干预的研究进展

老年抑郁症是老年人所有心理问题之中最常见的一种,其发生与躯体、心理及社会因素密切相关。通过文献检索,查阅老年抑郁症相关文献,综述其临床心理干预方法,对指导老年抑郁患者实施有效地心理干预,维护老年人的心理健康、预防具有重要意义。     

当今中国人人际关系与身心健康的关系──社会心理医学研究

从全国29个省、市、自治区回收的1433份有效问卷的统计结果显示,人们的人际关系与身体健康和心理健康是密切关联、相互影响的,人际关系高度影响身体健康和心理健康,但其对于心理健康的影响作用,比之对身体健康更大。     

Ethnicity,Social Support,and Depression Among Elderly Chilean People

Recent evidence regarding the relationship between social support and depression in elderly people shows the important role of ethnicity. This research describes the characteristics of social support in a sample of elderly people aged 60 and above living in northern Chile (n = 493), and analyzes the differences in the relationship between social support and depression between an indigenous group (Aymara population, n = 147) and a nonindigenous group (white, Caucasian, mestizo, n = 346). Various dimensions of social support were considered: structural elements, functional social support according to source, and community participation. The results show the existence of significant differences in the characteristics and dimensions of social support depending on sex, ethnicity, and marital status. Further, the central role of the family group is observed for both Aymara and nonindigenous elderly people. The hierarchical regression models obtained result in notable differences in the role of the structural, functional, and community elements of support in explaining depression for the ethnic groups considered.     

Daily Occupations,Routines, and Social Participation of Homeless Young People

Homelessness disrupts young people’s participation in the productive occupations that facilitate transition to adulthood, impairs social connections, and has a disorganizing effect on their time use. Semi-structured focus group interviews were used to explore how 19 homeless young people perceived their daily routines, meaningful occupations, and social participation to be impacted by the experience of homelessness. Occupational therapy practitioners can use the findings from this study to inform the development of comprehensive community-based programming aimed at increasing social opportunities, developing balanced, healthy routines, decreasing intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to residential stability, and promoting participation in productive and leisure occupations.     

School-Based Intervention for Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder: Results of a Controlled Study

Social anxiety disorder, whose onset peaks in adolescence, is associated with significant impairment. Despite the availability of effective treatments, few affected youth receive services. Transporting interventions into schools may circumvent barriers to treatment. The efficacy of a school-based intervention for social anxiety disorder was examined in a randomized wait-list control trial of 35 adolescents (26 females). Independent evaluators, blind to treatment condition, evaluated participants at preintervention, postintervention, and 9 months later. Adolescents in the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater reductions than controls in social anxiety and avoidance, as well as significantly improved overall functioning. In addition, 67% of treated subjects, compared to 6% of wait-list participants, no longer met criteria for social phobia following treatment. Findings support the possible efficacy of school-based intervention for facilitating access to treatment for socially anxious adolescents.