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1.
Xianglong Zhang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(1):60-65
The author examines He Lin’s interpretation of Zhu Xi’s method of intuition from a phenomenological-hermeneutical perspective
and by exposing Zhu’s philosophical presuppositions. In contrast with Lu Xiangshan’s intuitive method, Zhu Xi’s method of
reading classics advocates “emptying your heart and flowing with the text” and, in this spirit, explains the celebrated “exhaustive
investigation on the principles of things (ge wu qiong li).” “Text,” according to Zhu, is therefore not an object in ordinary sense but a “contextual region” or “sensible pattern”
that, when merged with the reader, generates meanings. Furthermore, by discussing the related doctrines of Lao Zi, Zhuang
Zi, Hua-Yan Buddhism, Zhou Dunyi, and Zhu Xi’s own “One principle with many manifestations (li yi fen shu),” the author identifies the philosophical preconditions of Zhu’s method. Based on this analysis, the author goes on to illustrate
Zhu’s understanding of “observing potential yet unapparent pleasure, anger, sorrow and happiness” and “maintaining a serious
attitude (zhu jing).” 相似文献
2.
Tu Weiming, as a leading spokesman for contemporary New Confucianism, has been reinterpreting the Confucian tradition in the
face of the challenges of modernity. Tu takes selfhood as his starting point, emphasizing the importance of cultivating the
human mind-and-heart as a deepening and broadening process to realize the anthropocosmic dao. He highlights the concept of a “fiduciary community” and advocates that, because of it, Confucianism remains a dynamic “inclusive
humanism.” Tu’s mode of thinking tallies well with Wilfred C. Smith’s vision of religion, specifically the latter’s exposition
of faith as a universal human quality and proposal of “corporate critical self-consciousness.” This article details the theories
of both scholars, highlights their similarities, and contrasts their differences. It argues that Smith’s world theology provides
a heuristic framework through which one understands how Tu has advanced his Confucian humanism from a Chinese philosophical
or cultural tradition to the midst of world religions. 相似文献
3.
4.
Kim Sungmoon 《Dao》2009,8(1):29-48
This essay attempts a philosophical reflection of the Confucian ideal of “scholar-official” in Joseon Korea’s neo-Confucian
context. It explores why this noble ideal of a Confucian public being had to suffer many moral-political problems in reality.
It argues first that because the institution of Confucian scholar-official was actually a modus-operandi compromise between Confucianism and Legalism, the Confucian scholar-officials were torn between their ethical commitment
to Confucianism and their political commitment to the state; and second, that because the Cheng-Zhu neo-Confucianism vigorously
imported and indigenized by Joseon Koreans exalted the family over the state, Joseon neo-Confucian scholar-officials were
torn between two competing moral obligations, filiality and loyalty. The essay concludes by discussing whether, given the
problems with which the ideal of the Confucian scholar-official was frequently entangled, liberal individualism should be
pursued as its normative alternative. 相似文献
5.
Jinglin Li 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(2):151-171
Edification 教化 is one of the central concepts of Confucianism. The metaphysical basis of the Confucian edification is the
“philosophical theory” in the sense of rational humanism rather than the “religious doctrine” in the sense of pure faith.
Confucianism did not create a system of ceremony and propriety owned by Confucians only. The system of ceremony and propriety
on which Confucians depend to carry out their social edification is that of “rites and music,” the common life style of ancient
China. After continual metaphysical explanation and elevation, the system of ceremony and propriety and that of rites and
music have undergone a sort of ever-evolving historical fluctuation, and evinced a sort of openness and forgiveness comparable
to that of any other religious form. Compared with typical religious practices, whose ceremonies and rituals that have their
own special fixity and exclusivity, Confucian ceremonies and rituals are fundamentally different. The edification of Confucianism
can be labeled as “edification in the sense of philosophy.” As a “philosophy”, Confucianism’s vision did not focus on cognition
but on completion and realization.
Translated by Lei Yongqiang from Tianjin Shehui Kexue 天津社会科学 (Tianjin Social Sciences), 2005, (6): 19–26 相似文献
6.
Genyou Wu 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2010,5(4):523-542
Dai Zhen’s philosophy of language took the opportunity of a transition in Chinese philosophy to develop a form of humanist
positivism, which was different from both the Song and Ming dynasties’ School of Principles and the early Qing dynasty’s philosophical
forms. His philosophy of language had four primary manifestations: (1) It differentiated between “names pointing at entities
and real events” and “names describing summum bonum and perfection”; (2) In discussing the metaphysical issue of “the Dao,”
it was the first to introduce a syntax analysis of linguistics, clearly differentiating between the different roles of predicate
verbs “zhi wei” and “wei zhi” in Classical Chinese; (3) In criticizing Confucian thought during the Song and Ming dynasties, it adopted specific philological
skills such as the analysis of phraseology, the meaning of sentences and the thread of words in texts; and (4) It re-interpreted
the meaning of Confucian classics by studying characters and language, adopting a positivist and philological manner to seek
metaphysical sense in philosophy. In this way, his philosophy was different from the scholars of the School of Principles
during the Song and Ming dynasties and from the goal of Western linguistic philosophy in the 20th century, which refuted metaphysics. Accordingly, it helped to develop 18th century Chinese philosophy as it turned towards linguistic philology. 相似文献
7.
Ming-huei Lee 《Dao》2008,7(3):283-294
Liu Shipei 劉師培 (1884–1919) was the first scholar to locate intellectual resources of modern democracy in Wang Yangming’s theory of the “original knowing” (liangzhi 良知). In the 1950s there was a debate between Taiwanese liberals and the “New Confucians” over the relationship between the
traditional Confucianism and modern democracy. Like Liu Shipei, the “New Confucians” justified modern democracy by means of Confucian philosophy (including that of Wang Yangming). For liberals, however, the Confucian tradition encompassed only the concept of “positive liberty,” which was irrelevant
to or even incompatible with modern democracy. In this article, I try to argue for the position of the “New Confucians” by
reconstructing Wang Yangming’s theory of the “original knowing” from a communitarian perspective. 相似文献
8.
John Dewey and Bertrand Russell visited China at around the same time in 1920. Both profoundly influenced China during the
great transition period of this country. This article will focus on the differences between the two great figures that influenced
China in the 1920s. This comparison will examine the following five aspects: 1. Deweyanization vs. Russellization; 2. Dewey’s
“Populism” vs. Russell’s “Aristocraticism”; 3. Dewey’s “Syntheticalism” vs. Russell’s “Analyticalism”; 4. Dewey’s “Realism”
vs. Russell’s “Romanticism”; 5. Dewey’s “Conservatism” vs. Russell’s “Radicalism”. This examination will highlight that, although
their visit left indelible impressions among Chinese intellecturals, for the radical Marx–Leninists, any Western philosophy
and socio-political theories, including Dewey’s and Russell’s, were prejudicial, outworn, and even counterrevolutionary. Soon
“Marxi–Leninization” was gradually substituted for “Deweyanization” and “Russellization.” 相似文献
9.
陈来 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(2):157-179
No matter what the original meaning of “Ru” was, looking at it from the perspective of the history of philosophy, the image of “Ru” as portrayed by other schools in the Warring States period was infused with the characteristics of Confucianism of that
time. The self-understanding of Warring States Confucians expressed by their employment of the character “Ru” clearly displayed Ru’s character as well as the main points of the Ru school, namely Confucianism. In particular, the words and thoughts of Xunzi, the great Confucian master, on “Ru”, epitomize Pre-Qin Confucian’s understanding and expectations of themselves, and also reflect the Confucian new pursuit
in facing the age of the unification of Qin.
Translated by Yan Xin from Beijing daxue xuebao 北京大学学报 (Journal of Peking University), 2007, (5): 19–26 相似文献
10.
李景林 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(2):198-210
Feng Youlan emphasizes the concept of “creativity” in his article “Explanation of Mencius’ Chapter on Strong, Moving Vital
Force”, in particular highlighting the problem whether the “strong, moving vital force” is “innate” or “acquired”. Cheng Hao
and Zhu Xi believed the “strong, moving vital force” was endowed by Heaven, so was therefore innate; “nourishment” cleared
fog and allowed one to “recover one’s original nature”. Mencius’ theory on “the good of human nature” is illustrated in the
concept of integrated “original endowment”. So Cheng Hao and Zhu Xi’s theory of “recovering the original nature” proposed
that the “strong, moving vital force” was innate, which is in complete agreement with Mencius and of which there is ample
evidence in Mencius. However, “nature” is “created by the accumulation of righteousness”. Namely, it is the completion and presentation of the
process of creation and transformation of human beings. Only when we consider both Cheng Hao and Zhu Xi’s theory and Feng
Youlan’s theory can we fully understand Mencius’ theory of “the nourishment of the strong, moving vital force”, which is of
great theoretical and academic value in accurately understanding Mencius and the Confucian theory of mind-nature.
Translated by Lei Yongqiang from Shehui kexue zhanxian 社会科学战线 (Social Science Front), 2007, (5):12–16 相似文献
11.
Jiaxiang Hu 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2011,6(1):41-56
Mencius’ aesthetics unfolded around the ideal personality in his mind. Such an ideal personality belonged to a great man who
was sublime, practical and honorable, and it was presented as the beauty of magnificence or the beauty of masculinity. Mencius
put forward many propositions such as “the completed goodness that is brightly displayed is called greatness,” nourishing
“one’s grand qi 气 (the great morale personality),” “only after a man is a sage can he completely suits himself to his own form,” “the saints
only apprehended before me that of which my mind approves along with other men,” being “conscious of sincerity on self-examination,”
and flowing “abroad, above and beneath, like that of Heaven and Earth,” all of which described an ideal personality through
the course of its formation and its psychological experience. As a prominent school before the Qin dynasty, Mencius’ aesthetics
greatly developed the Confucian teaching of “internal sage.” It shared many similarities with Zhuangzi’s thought and was also
an aesthetic mode opposed to the latter. Both kinds of aesthetics were prominent: Mencius’ teaching was like imposingly towering
and muscularly overflowing majestic mountains; Zhuangzi’s thought was like gracefully flowing water with an air of femininity.
In real life though, Mencius’ teaching has greater practical significance in addressing the unbearable lightness of being,
a disease of modernity. 相似文献
12.
Lubin A 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2005,65(4):367-379
The need to establish a borderline between legitimate and illegitimate political trial is one of the central societal discourses.
In this paper the author claims that the issues are complex and that a political trial can remain legitimate as long as it
is not dealing with a confrontation with the symbolic order on which the society (and the court itself) is founded and as
long as the subject (or action) it is dealing with does not threaten the symbolic order’s (or the “Big Other”) existence.
When the symbolic order’s existence is in danger, the court is bound to participate in an act of “sacrifice” that is intended
to protect the “order.” The author uses Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory of the “Big Other” (and its development to ideological-political
terms) in examining three categories of sacrifice. Through these categories the author claims that in extreme cases of confrontation
with the existence of the symbolic order, the court cannot remain objective and it would be difficult to justify the trial
as legitimate (especially in historical perspective). 相似文献
13.
Vesa Oittinen 《Studies in East European Thought》2005,57(3-4):319-338
E.V. Il’enkov is regarded as perhaps the most “Spinozist” of Soviet philosophers. He used Spinoza’s ideas extensively, especially
in developing his concept of the ideal and in his attempts to give a more precise philosophical formulation to the “activity
approach” of the cultural- historical school of Soviet psychology. A more detailed analysis reveals, however, that Il’enkov’s
reception of Spinoza was highly selective, and that there are substantial differences between them. 相似文献
14.
崔大华 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):309-321
The Confucian idea of “ming 命 (destiny)” holds that in the course and culmination of human life, there exists some objective certainty that is both transcendent
and beyond human control. This is a concept of ultimate concern at the transcendental theoretical level in Confucianism. During
its historical development, Confucianism has constantly offered humanist interpretations of the idea of “destiny”, thinking
that the transcendence of “destiny” lies inherently within the qi endowment and virtues of human beings, that the certainty of “destiny” is in essence contingency at the beginning of life
and linear irreversibility towards its end, and that to live in light of ethics and physical rules — having a “commitment
to human affairs” — means putting “destiny” into practice. As all these facts show, the Confucian ultimate concern regarding
human life is full of rational awareness.
__________
Translated by Huang Deyuan from Kongzi yanjiu 孔子研究 (Study on Confucius), 2008, (2): 4–11 相似文献
15.
王树人 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(1):1-12
To grasp the truth in traditional Chinese classics, we need to uncover the long obscured “xiang” 象 (image) thinking, which has long been overshadowed by Occidentalism. “xiang thinking” is the most fundamental thought of human beings. The logic of linguistics all comes from “xiang thinking”. Through conceptual thinking, people can understand Western classics on metaphysics, yet they may not completely
understand the various schools of Chinese classics. The difference between Chinese and Western ways of thinking originated
in the difference of the basic views developed in the “Axial period”. Since Aristotle, Western metaphysical ideas have all
been manifested in substantiality, objectivity, and being ready-made, whereas Chinese Taiji, Dao, Xin-xing, and Zen were manifested in the non-substantiality, non-objectivity, and non-ready-made-ness of a dynamic whole. To grasp
substance, rational and logical thinking such as definition, judgment, and reasoning is necessary. On the other hand, to grasp
Taiji, Dao, etc., which is a dynamic whole or non-substances, “xiang thinking”, which is related to perception and rich in poetic association, is essential. History has taught us a lesson, i.e.,
when we opened the window to logical thought, we closed that of “xiang thinking”. We should remember the words of Xu Guangqi, i.e., “To mingle harmoniously and understand thoroughly so as to excel”.
Translated by Zhang Lin from Hebei xuekan 河北学刊 (Hebei Academic Journal), 2007, (5): 21–25 相似文献
16.
Yulie Lou 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(1):66-78
Hu Shi frequently gave lectures on the history of Chinese philosophy, especially the history of ancient Chinese philosophy,
from the year 1919 to 1937. A large number of papers and dissertations published during this period are related to his research
on this topic. In his opinion, there are three characteristics of the history of ancient Chinese philosophy: “ religionalization
of thought,” “Indianization of philosophy,” and “conflict between Chinese thought and Indian thought.” In this paper, I explore
Hu Shi’s deep insight into the religionalization of Confucianism in Han dynasty and into the thought of Taoism in the medieval
times.
Originally published in Chinese Philosophy, volume 15 (May 1992), translated by Han Jianying 相似文献
17.
“Three generations under one roof” is an old Chinese saying used to describe a desired living arrangement. The traditional
concept of happiness for a Chinese elderly person is being able to “play with grandchildren with candy in mouth, enjoy life
with no cares.” In a fast-changing economy like China, how does society, especially the elderly themselves, view these traditional
values? Using the 2005 Chinese General Social Survey, we study the determinants of happiness of the Chinese elderly. We are
particularly interested in whether living with their child and whether living with their grandchild affect the happiness of
the elderly. An important empirical concern is that unobserved permanent income may affect both the living arrangements of
the elderly and their level of happiness. We include property ownership variables as proxies and also adopt an instrument
variable approach to identify the causal relationship between the elderly’s happiness and their living arrangements. We find
that, conditional on living with a grandchild, living with one’s child has a negative effect on the elderly’s happiness. Furthermore,
elderly Chinese who live with grandchildren are associated with a much higher degree of happiness than their counterparts. 相似文献
18.
CHEN Lisheng 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2010,5(1):1
The different meanings of “courage” in The Analects were expressed in Confucius’ remark on Zilu’s bravery. The typological analysis of courage in Mencius and Xunzi focused on the shaping of the personalities of brave persons. “Great courage” and “superior courage”, as the virtues of “great men” or “shi junzi 士君子 (intellectuals with noble characters)”, exhibit not only the uprightness of the “internal sagacity”, but also the rich implications of the “external kingship”. The prototype of these brave persons could be said to be between Zengzi’s courage and King Wen’s courage. The discussion entered a new stage of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties, when admiration for “Yanzi’s great valor” became the key of various arguments. The order of “the three cardinal virtues” was also discussed because it concerned the relationship between “finished virtue” and “novice virtue”; hence, the virtue of courage became internalized as an essence of the internal virtuous life. At the turn of the 20th century, when China was trembling under the threat of foreign powers, intellectuals remodeled the tradition of courage by redefining “Confucius’ great valor”, as Liang Qichao did in representative fashion in his book Chinese Bushido. Hu Shi’s Lun Ru 论儒 (On Ru) was no more than a repetition of Liang’s opinion. In the theoretical structures of the modern Confucians, courage is hardly given a place. As one of the three cardinal virtues, bravery is but a concept. In a contemporary society where heroes and sages exist only in history books, do we need to talk about courage? How should it be discussed? These are questions which deserve our consideration. 相似文献
19.
张黔 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(1):52-63
“Beauty” is a very important concept in Pre-Qin Confucian aesthetics. Pre-Qin Confucian aesthetics generally had two viewpoints
when defining beauty: Negatively, by stressing that “beauty” in the aesthetic sense was not “good”; and positively, by stressing
two factors: one, that beauty was related to “feeling” which was not an animal instinct, the other was that “beauty” was a
special texture with a particular meaning. “Beauty” in Pre-Qin Confucian aesthetics may be defined as “texture (or form)”
capable of communicating feeling or triggering a reaction of feeling.
__________
Translated from Shanghai shifan daxue xuebao 上海师范大学学报 (Journal of Shanghai Normal University), 2007, (7): 80–85 相似文献
20.
Wayne A. Davis 《Philosophical Studies》2007,132(3):395-438
There is abundant evidence of contextual variation in the use of “S knows p.” Contextualist theories explain this variation
in terms of semantic hypotheses that refer to standards of justification determined by “practical” features of either the
subject’s context (Hawthorne & Stanley) or the ascriber’s context (Lewis, Cohen, & DeRose). There is extensive linguistic
counterevidence to both forms. I maintain that the contextual variation of knowledge claims is better explained by common
pragmatic factors. I show here that one is variable strictness. “S knows p” is commonly used loosely to implicate “S is close
enough to knowing p for contextually indicated purposes.” A pragmatic account may use a range of semantics, even contextualist.
I use an invariant semantics on which knowledge requires complete justification. This combination meets the Moorean constraint
as well as any linguistic theory should, and meets the intuition constraint much better than contextualism. There is no need
for ad hoc error theories. The variation in conditions of assertability and practical rationality is better explained by variably
strict constraints. It will follow that “S knows p” is used loosely to implicate that the condition for asserting “p” and
using it in practical reasoning are satisfied. 相似文献